Midterm Exam

A  be bused

B  desegregate

C  take standardized tests

D  pray

A  is critical of the government

B  qualifies as hate speech

C  creates a clear and present danger

D  is a prior restraint

A  prior restraint

B  the Roth test

C  probable cause

D  symbolic speech

A  right to privacy

B  right to marry

C  right to travel

D  right to vote

A  unreasonable search and seizure

B  trials without a jury

C  double jeopardy

D  self-incrimination

A  Eighth

B  Third

C  Fifteenth

D  Tenth

A  benefiting financially from that crime

B  seeking the assistance of an attorney

C  being tried again for the same crime

D  asserting innocence

A  family

B  sexual freedom

C  commerce

D  privacy

A  teaching of evolution in school

B  recitation of prayer and Bible passages in school

C  displays of religious symbols during holidays

D  displays of religious symbols on government buildings

A  any additional constraints

B  an undue burden

C  an inconvenient truth

D  a prior restraint

A  a jury trial

B  a phone call

C  quick and speedy trial

D  speak to an attorney

A  Free Exercise

B  Lemon

C  Orange

D  Prior Restraint

A  that is critical of the government

B  that is illegal

C  before the fact

D  after the fact

A  The state could ban the abortion unless the mother’s life was in danger.

B  The state could ban it.

C  The state could do very little to limit a woman’s right to an abortion.

D  The state could regulate it if the mother’s life were in danger.

A  actual malice

B  a written record

C  property loss

D  witnesses

A  establishment

B  free exercise

C  incorporation

D  eminent domain

A  reasonable bail

B  the right to parole

C  assistance of counsel

D  a written indictment

A  libel; slander

B  slander; libel

C  libel; defamation

D  slander; defamation

A  Lawrence v. Texas

B  US v. Morrison

C  New York Times v. Sullivan

D  Roe v. Wade

A  It increases citizens’ access to government.

B  It increases the gross domestic product.

C  It lowers voter turnout.

D  It lowers overall tax rates.

A  citizens can choose to live in those areas that have the policies they prefer

B  the quality of policies can vary from state to state.

C  states can figure out which policies work best for them

D  the state governments can nullify laws passed by Congress

A  A loose association of states constitutionally created by a strong central government.

B  A loose association of states with mutually recognized compacts but no central government.

C  A constitutional arrangement by which two or more levels of government share formal authority over the same area and people.

D  A constitutional arrangement concentrating power in a central government.

A  cupcake

B  layer-cake

C  pineapple-upside-down-cake

D  marble-cake

A  categorical grants

B  block grants

C  business grants

D  programmatic requests

A  establish schools

B  coin money

C  operate prisons

D  create courts

A  equal protection

B  supremacy

C  full faith and credit

D  due process

A  dual

B  progressive

C  combined

D  cooperative

A  progressive federalism

B  cooperative federalism

C  dual federalism

D  new federalism

A  oligarchy

B  direct democracy

C  conglomeration

D  confederation

A  challenging the power of the states

B  limiting the national government

C  centralizing power in the federal government

D  regulating interstate commerce

A  Sixth

B  Eleventh

C  Twelfth

D  Third

A  devolution

B  excavation

C  evolution

D  redevelopment

A  full faith and credit

B  equal protection

C  commerce

D  due process

A  Fourteenth

B  Tenth

C  Eighth

D  Eleventh

A  Declaration

B  Independence

C  Federalism

D  Confederation

A  Discrimination is a natural part of the human experience.

B  Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race.

C  Diversity helps Americans better understand each other.

D  Unaddressed past discrimination causes perpetual inequality.

A  The Supreme Court did not have all of the facts when it adopted the separate-but-equal doctrine.

B  The quality of life for African Americans in the South had deteriorated considerably since the adoption of the separate-but-equal doctrine.

C  The separate-but-equal doctrine was never intended to apply to people.

D  School segregation violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection.

A  to prevent the race riots from spreading from African American neighborhoods into traditionally white neighborhoods

B  because Congress was afraid the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. would lead a boycott of white businesses if the legislation was not passed

C  the Supreme Court had determined that only the national government could regulate elections

D  because it was clear that many areas in the South had no intention of living up to the spirit of the Fifteenth Amendment

A  Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.

B  Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance.

C  Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.

D  All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.

A  It has had little effect because it was not formally adopted.

B  It has eliminated gender discrimination in the military.

C  It has ensured that men and women are treated equally in the workplace.

D  It has ensured that the courts evaluate gender discrimination using the inherently suspect test.

A  an election jurisdiction that does not provide bilingual ballots when there is a large bilingual community

B  a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women

C  a legal prohibition on hiring women for positions that are known to be hazardous to women’s reproductive health

D  an employer who systematically pays women less than men for doing comparable work

A  Those without a college degree are not eligible for upper-level civil service jobs.

B  Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is a racial minority whenever at least 10 percent of the bidders are minority-owned businesses.

C  Male and female student athletes cannot compete on the same basketball team at the university level.

D  Businesses cannot discriminate against gays and lesbians in hiring and promotion decisions.

A  setting aside a certain percentage of admissions slots for African American students

B  admitting some minority applicants with lower academic achievement than some rejected white applicants

C  considering how an applicant would contribute to the diversity of the university

D  considering race as a factor in university admissions decisions

A  affirmative action policies must be scrutinized using the same suspect standard that is used for other policies classifying people by race

B  affirmative action policies must be designed to address past discrimination without taking into account race, ethnicity, religion, or creed

C  affirmative action policies are subject to an intermediate standard whereby they are presumed to be permissible

D  affirmative action policies maybe broadly tailored to accomplish a compelling government interest

A  disabled Americans

B  American Indians

C  gays and lesbians

D  Asian Americans

A  Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they did not immigrate to the United States willingly.

B  Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce, which is regulated by Congress; there is no provision in federal law that prohibits segregation.

C  What was the basis for the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities?

D  The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law.

A  It did not pass the strict scrutiny test, and the internment was promptly terminated.

B  It was unconstitutional, but it was too late to do anything about it.

C  It was legally permissible.

D  It was unconstitutional, and Japanese Americans must be duly compensated.

A  racial segregation

B  lynchings by the Ku Klux Klan

C  racial quotas

D  voter discrimination

A  eligible to vote

B  property or chattel

C  citizens

D  separate but equal

A  grandfather clauses

B  racial quotas in university admissions

C  all forms of affirmative action

D  Jim Crow laws

A  winning candidates

B  losing candidates

C  voters

D  nonvoters

A  Korematsu v. United States

B  Reed v. Reed

C  the 1965 Voting Rights Act

D  the Nineteenth Amendment

A  economic status

B  race

C  property ownership

D  involvement in insurrection

A  jurisdiction

B  equal protection

C  due process

D  privileges and immunities

A  natural law

B  national referendum

C  judicial interpretation

D  congressional inaction

A  by a two-thirds vote in a special election called for the purpose of voting on the amendment

B  by a majority of state governors

C  by a majority of voting-age citizens

D  by a two-thirds vote in each house of Congress

A  stronger state governments

B  shorter terms of office

C  stronger protections of individual liberties

D  a stronger national government

A  the divine right of kings

B  government itself

C  the right to revolt

D  the consent of the governed

A  The Federalists

B  The Anti-Federalists

C  Anti-Masons

D  Whigs

A  Democratic Plan

B  Virginia Plan

C  Republican Plan

D  New Jersey Plan

A  The Constitution contained stronger safeguards for states’ rights than did the Articles of Confederation.

B  The Constitution created a stronger national government than did the Articles of Confederation.

C  The Constitution contained strong protections for individual rights; the Articles of Confederation contained strong protections for collective rights.

D  The Constitution was based on democratic principles; the Articles of Confederation was based on tyrannical principles.

A  privileges and immunities

B  weights and measures

C  checks and balances

D  oversight and influence

A  People’s Plebiscite

B  electoral college

C  direct popular election

D  King Caucus

A  a single chamber with membership based on a state’s population

B  two chambers

C  a single chamber with each state receiving equal power

D  a single chamber whose members were appointed by the president

A  taxation of private property

B  free speech infringement

C  unlawful detention

D  infringement of religious freedom

A  John Boehner

B  John Locke

C  Gramm Rudman

D  Daniel Shays

A  a private action

B  free speech

C  a form of due process

D  a commercial act

A  executive

B  judicial

C  bureaucratic

D  legislative

A  10

B  15

C  27

D  36

A  the Common Sense Committee

B  the Constitutional Convention

C  the Continental Congress

D  the Committees of Correspondence

A  Magna Carta

B  the Articles of Confederation

C  the Declaration of Independence

D  Declaration of the Rights of Man

A  natural rights

B  positive rights

C  Constitutional law

D  intrinsic laws

A  Political socialization is more important to governments than to individuals.

B  The age of the demographic that consumes television news is much higher on average than those that consume alternative sources of news.

C  Children who develop positive feelings toward political authorities grow into adults who are not easily disenchanted with politics.

D  Today’s generation of young adults is significantly more likely to read newspapers than their elders.

A  Civil disobedience involves violence; a protest is peaceful.

B  Civil disobedience is involuntary; a protest is voluntary.

C  Civil disobedience involves intentionally breaking a law; a protest involves getting attention from the media.

D  Civil disobedience involves unintentionally breaking a law; a protest involves intentionally breaking a law.

A  government programs to alleviate economic inequality would likely be higher on the political agenda

B  government workers would likely unionize

C  government programs to help individuals invest their Social Security income would likely be higher on the political agenda

D  government-run services would likely be privatized

A  parents of children under age 18

B  citizens in the school district

C  parents

D  women with children

A  staging a sit-in

B  gathering signatures for a proposed ballot measure

C  running for public office as a third party candidate

D  signing a petition in a school parking lot

A  Prayer belongs in school.

B  The United States should stop letting criminals hide behind the law.

C  Taxes and spending should be kept low.

D  Government should regulate the economy in the public interest.

A  liberalism and political tolerance

B  political participation and strength of party attachment

C  candidate loyalty and authoritarianism

D  political participation and suspicion of out-groups

A  Each congressional district must be redrawn to reflect changes in the state’s population.

B  The number of seats each state has in the House is based on a state’s population, which changes over time.

C  The majority party in the House of Representatives is determined by each state’s proportion of party-affiliated voters.

D  The Constitution requires that each state’s taxes be proportional to the size of its population.

A  Most new immigrants were from northwestern Europe.

B  The flow of low-income immigrant families from Mexico increased.

C  Most new immigrants were being reunited with family in the United States.

D  The flow of immigrant families with children decreased.

A  informing the public about the candidates

B  overthrowing the government

C  influencing voting behavior

D  affecting public policy change

A  all the activities used by citizens to socialize their children to the political process

B  all the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue

C  a measure of the minimum requirements needed to vote

D  the capacity of individuals (or groups) to exert their own political will

A  Young citizens are overrepresented at the polls.

B  Democrats are overrepresented at the polls.

C  Conservatives are overrepresented at the polls.

D  Liberals are overrepresented at the polls.

A  participation indicates the legitimacy of government and of laws passed by Congress

B  information the census collects helps to determine how more than $400 billion in federal funding is spent each year

C  changes in the U.S. population affect membership in political parties

D  information from the census determines tax rates

A  Men consume considerably more political news than do women.

B  Older people consume more political news than do younger people.

C  Working-class people consume more political news than do wealthier people.

D  West Coast residents consume more political news than do East Coast residents.

A  contacting government officials

B  volunteering with a campaign

C  writing letters to the editor

D  protesting

A  the predominance of liberals in the United States

B  the absence of pluralist thinking in the United States

C  the predominance of conservatives in the United States

D  the absence of moderates in the United States

A  ordinary citizens

B  Congress

C  political parties

D  big business

A  Too many influential groups cripple government’s ability to govern.

B  Congress is stronger and more influential than the presidency.

C  Because most citizens fail to pay attention to serious issues, government has become an elite institution.

D  Many groups vie for power with no one group dominating politics.

A  a regulation

B  a congressional statute

C  a budgetary choice

D  a presidential action

A  pluralist

B  egalitarian

C  populist

D  laissez-faire

A  government

B  politics

C  public policy

D  political culture

A  federalism

B  majority rule

C  pluralism

D  hyperpluralism

A  balance of power

B  elitism

C  pluralism

D  policy gridlock

A  majority rule

B  enlightened rule

C  pluralism

D  representation

A  universal citizenship

B  one person, one vote

C  freedom of speech and of the press

D  inclusion

A  a system that selects policymakers and organizes government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences

B  a system that perpetuates the status quo and upholds the values of the party in power

C  a system that grants a status of privilege to the most active and informed voters

D  a system that ensures freedom, justice, and peace to all citizens

A  the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other political actors

B  all of the issues that candidates talk about on the campaign trail

C  the issues that are asked about on public opinion polls

D  the issues that concern single-issue interest groups

A  the courts

B  Congress

C  government

D  political culture