Midterm Exam

A  take standardized tests

B  be bused

C  pray

D  desegregate

A  creates a clear and present danger

B  is critical of the government

C  is a prior restraint

D  qualifies as hate speech

A  probable cause

B  the Roth test

C  prior restraint

D  symbolic speech

A  right to travel

B  right to vote

C  right to privacy

D  right to marry

A  double jeopardy

B  self-incrimination

C  unreasonable search and seizure

D  trials without a jury

A  Eighth

B  Fifteenth

C  Third

D  Tenth

A  asserting innocence

B  benefiting financially from that crime

C  being tried again for the same crime

D  seeking the assistance of an attorney

A  sexual freedom

B  privacy

C  family

D  commerce

A  displays of religious symbols during holidays

B  teaching of evolution in school

C  recitation of prayer and Bible passages in school

D  displays of religious symbols on government buildings

A  any additional constraints

B  a prior restraint

C  an undue burden

D  an inconvenient truth

A  quick and speedy trial

B  speak to an attorney

C  a jury trial

D  a phone call

A  Free Exercise

B  Orange

C  Lemon

D  Prior Restraint

A  after the fact

B  before the fact

C  that is illegal

D  that is critical of the government

A  The state could ban the abortion unless the mother’s life was in danger.

B  The state could ban it.

C  The state could do very little to limit a woman’s right to an abortion.

D  The state could regulate it if the mother’s life were in danger.

A  property loss

B  a written record

C  witnesses

D  actual malice

A  free exercise

B  establishment

C  incorporation

D  eminent domain

A  assistance of counsel

B  the right to parole

C  reasonable bail

D  a written indictment

A  slander; libel

B  libel; defamation

C  libel; slander

D  slander; defamation

A  US v. Morrison

B  Lawrence v. Texas

C  New York Times v. Sullivan

D  Roe v. Wade

A  It lowers voter turnout.

B  It increases citizens’ access to government.

C  It increases the gross domestic product.

D  It lowers overall tax rates.

A  the state governments can nullify laws passed by Congress

B  states can figure out which policies work best for them

C  the quality of policies can vary from state to state.

D  citizens can choose to live in those areas that have the policies they prefer

A  A constitutional arrangement concentrating power in a central government.

B  A constitutional arrangement by which two or more levels of government share formal authority over the same area and people.

C  A loose association of states constitutionally created by a strong central government.

D  A loose association of states with mutually recognized compacts but no central government.

A  pineapple-upside-down-cake

B  marble-cake

C  cupcake

D  layer-cake

A  programmatic requests

B  categorical grants

C  business grants

D  block grants

A  coin money

B  operate prisons

C  create courts

D  establish schools

A  due process

B  equal protection

C  supremacy

D  full faith and credit

A  dual

B  progressive

C  combined

D  cooperative

A  new federalism

B  dual federalism

C  cooperative federalism

D  progressive federalism

A  direct democracy

B  confederation

C  conglomeration

D  oligarchy

A  challenging the power of the states

B  regulating interstate commerce

C  limiting the national government

D  centralizing power in the federal government

A  Sixth

B  Eleventh

C  Third

D  Twelfth

A  redevelopment

B  evolution

C  excavation

D  devolution

A  commerce

B  due process

C  full faith and credit

D  equal protection

A  Fourteenth

B  Tenth

C  Eleventh

D  Eighth

A  Independence

B  Declaration

C  Federalism

D  Confederation

A  Diversity helps Americans better understand each other.

B  Discrimination is a natural part of the human experience.

C  Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race.

D  Unaddressed past discrimination causes perpetual inequality.

A  The separate-but-equal doctrine was never intended to apply to people.

B  School segregation violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection.

C  The quality of life for African Americans in the South had deteriorated considerably since the adoption of the separate-but-equal doctrine.

D  The Supreme Court did not have all of the facts when it adopted the separate-but-equal doctrine.

A  because it was clear that many areas in the South had no intention of living up to the spirit of the Fifteenth Amendment

B  the Supreme Court had determined that only the national government could regulate elections

C  to prevent the race riots from spreading from African American neighborhoods into traditionally white neighborhoods

D  because Congress was afraid the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. would lead a boycott of white businesses if the legislation was not passed

A  Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.

B  All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.

C  Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.

D  Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance.

A  It has eliminated gender discrimination in the military.

B  It has had little effect because it was not formally adopted.

C  It has ensured that men and women are treated equally in the workplace.

D  It has ensured that the courts evaluate gender discrimination using the inherently suspect test.

A  a legal prohibition on hiring women for positions that are known to be hazardous to women’s reproductive health

B  an employer who systematically pays women less than men for doing comparable work

C  an election jurisdiction that does not provide bilingual ballots when there is a large bilingual community

D  a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women

A  Male and female student athletes cannot compete on the same basketball team at the university level.

B  Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is a racial minority whenever at least 10 percent of the bidders are minority-owned businesses.

C  Those without a college degree are not eligible for upper-level civil service jobs.

D  Businesses cannot discriminate against gays and lesbians in hiring and promotion decisions.

A  admitting some minority applicants with lower academic achievement than some rejected white applicants

B  setting aside a certain percentage of admissions slots for African American students

C  considering how an applicant would contribute to the diversity of the university

D  considering race as a factor in university admissions decisions

A  affirmative action policies are subject to an intermediate standard whereby they are presumed to be permissible

B  affirmative action policies must be designed to address past discrimination without taking into account race, ethnicity, religion, or creed

C  affirmative action policies maybe broadly tailored to accomplish a compelling government interest

D  affirmative action policies must be scrutinized using the same suspect standard that is used for other policies classifying people by race

A  disabled Americans

B  American Indians

C  Asian Americans

D  gays and lesbians

A  Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they did not immigrate to the United States willingly.

B  What was the basis for the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities?

C  Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce, which is regulated by Congress; there is no provision in federal law that prohibits segregation.

D  The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law.

A  It was unconstitutional, and Japanese Americans must be duly compensated.

B  It did not pass the strict scrutiny test, and the internment was promptly terminated.

C  It was legally permissible.

D  It was unconstitutional, but it was too late to do anything about it.

A  racial segregation

B  lynchings by the Ku Klux Klan

C  voter discrimination

D  racial quotas

A  property or chattel

B  eligible to vote

C  citizens

D  separate but equal

A  grandfather clauses

B  racial quotas in university admissions

C  all forms of affirmative action

D  Jim Crow laws

A  winning candidates

B  losing candidates

C  nonvoters

D  voters

A  the Nineteenth Amendment

B  Korematsu v. United States

C  the 1965 Voting Rights Act

D  Reed v. Reed

A  race

B  property ownership

C  economic status

D  involvement in insurrection

A  due process

B  privileges and immunities

C  equal protection

D  jurisdiction

A  congressional inaction

B  national referendum

C  natural law

D  judicial interpretation

A  by a majority of state governors

B  by a majority of voting-age citizens

C  by a two-thirds vote in a special election called for the purpose of voting on the amendment

D  by a two-thirds vote in each house of Congress

A  stronger state governments

B  a stronger national government

C  shorter terms of office

D  stronger protections of individual liberties

A  the divine right of kings

B  the right to revolt

C  the consent of the governed

D  government itself

A  The Anti-Federalists

B  Whigs

C  Anti-Masons

D  The Federalists

A  Republican Plan

B  New Jersey Plan

C  Democratic Plan

D  Virginia Plan

A  The Constitution was based on democratic principles; the Articles of Confederation was based on tyrannical principles.

B  The Constitution created a stronger national government than did the Articles of Confederation.

C  The Constitution contained strong protections for individual rights; the Articles of Confederation contained strong protections for collective rights.

D  The Constitution contained stronger safeguards for states’ rights than did the Articles of Confederation.

A  oversight and influence

B  privileges and immunities

C  weights and measures

D  checks and balances

A  People’s Plebiscite

B  direct popular election

C  King Caucus

D  electoral college

A  a single chamber whose members were appointed by the president

B  a single chamber with each state receiving equal power

C  two chambers

D  a single chamber with membership based on a state’s population

A  taxation of private property

B  infringement of religious freedom

C  free speech infringement

D  unlawful detention

A  Gramm Rudman

B  Daniel Shays

C  John Locke

D  John Boehner

A  free speech

B  a commercial act

C  a form of due process

D  a private action

A  bureaucratic

B  executive

C  judicial

D  legislative

A  15

B  36

C  10

D  27

A  the Common Sense Committee

B  the Committees of Correspondence

C  the Constitutional Convention

D  the Continental Congress

A  the Declaration of Independence

B  Declaration of the Rights of Man

C  the Articles of Confederation

D  Magna Carta

A  intrinsic laws

B  positive rights

C  natural rights

D  Constitutional law

A  Children who develop positive feelings toward political authorities grow into adults who are not easily disenchanted with politics.

B  Political socialization is more important to governments than to individuals.

C  The age of the demographic that consumes television news is much higher on average than those that consume alternative sources of news.

D  Today’s generation of young adults is significantly more likely to read newspapers than their elders.

A  Civil disobedience involves unintentionally breaking a law; a protest involves intentionally breaking a law.

B  Civil disobedience is involuntary; a protest is voluntary.

C  Civil disobedience involves violence; a protest is peaceful.

D  Civil disobedience involves intentionally breaking a law; a protest involves getting attention from the media.

A  government programs to alleviate economic inequality would likely be higher on the political agenda

B  government workers would likely unionize

C  government programs to help individuals invest their Social Security income would likely be higher on the political agenda

D  government-run services would likely be privatized

A  parents

B  citizens in the school district

C  parents of children under age 18

D  women with children

A  signing a petition in a school parking lot

B  running for public office as a third party candidate

C  staging a sit-in

D  gathering signatures for a proposed ballot measure

A  The United States should stop letting criminals hide behind the law.

B  Prayer belongs in school.

C  Taxes and spending should be kept low.

D  Government should regulate the economy in the public interest.

A  political participation and suspicion of out-groups

B  liberalism and political tolerance

C  candidate loyalty and authoritarianism

D  political participation and strength of party attachment

A  The Constitution requires that each state’s taxes be proportional to the size of its population.

B  The majority party in the House of Representatives is determined by each state’s proportion of party-affiliated voters.

C  Each congressional district must be redrawn to reflect changes in the state’s population.

D  The number of seats each state has in the House is based on a state’s population, which changes over time.

A  The flow of immigrant families with children decreased.

B  Most new immigrants were being reunited with family in the United States.

C  The flow of low-income immigrant families from Mexico increased.

D  Most new immigrants were from northwestern Europe.

A  influencing voting behavior

B  overthrowing the government

C  informing the public about the candidates

D  affecting public policy change

A  a measure of the minimum requirements needed to vote

B  all the activities used by citizens to socialize their children to the political process

C  all the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue

D  the capacity of individuals (or groups) to exert their own political will

A  Liberals are overrepresented at the polls.

B  Conservatives are overrepresented at the polls.

C  Democrats are overrepresented at the polls.

D  Young citizens are overrepresented at the polls.

A  participation indicates the legitimacy of government and of laws passed by Congress

B  information the census collects helps to determine how more than $400 billion in federal funding is spent each year

C  information from the census determines tax rates

D  changes in the U.S. population affect membership in political parties

A  Men consume considerably more political news than do women.

B  Working-class people consume more political news than do wealthier people.

C  West Coast residents consume more political news than do East Coast residents.

D  Older people consume more political news than do younger people.

A  writing letters to the editor

B  protesting

C  contacting government officials

D  volunteering with a campaign

A  the predominance of liberals in the United States

B  the absence of moderates in the United States

C  the predominance of conservatives in the United States

D  the absence of pluralist thinking in the United States

A  political parties

B  Congress

C  ordinary citizens

D  big business

A  Because most citizens fail to pay attention to serious issues, government has become an elite institution.

B  Many groups vie for power with no one group dominating politics.

C  Too many influential groups cripple government’s ability to govern.

D  Congress is stronger and more influential than the presidency.

A  a congressional statute

B  a presidential action

C  a budgetary choice

D  a regulation

A  egalitarian

B  pluralist

C  laissez-faire

D  populist

A  politics

B  government

C  political culture

D  public policy

A  majority rule

B  pluralism

C  hyperpluralism

D  federalism

A  elitism

B  pluralism

C  balance of power

D  policy gridlock

A  majority rule

B  enlightened rule

C  pluralism

D  representation

A  one person, one vote

B  universal citizenship

C  freedom of speech and of the press

D  inclusion

A  a system that ensures freedom, justice, and peace to all citizens

B  a system that grants a status of privilege to the most active and informed voters

C  a system that perpetuates the status quo and upholds the values of the party in power

D  a system that selects policymakers and organizes government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences

A  the issues that are asked about on public opinion polls

B  the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other political actors

C  all of the issues that candidates talk about on the campaign trail

D  the issues that concern single-issue interest groups

A  political culture

B  government

C  Congress

D  the courts