Midterm Exam

A  pray

B  be bused

C  take standardized tests

D  desegregate

A  is critical of the government

B  creates a clear and present danger

C  is a prior restraint

D  qualifies as hate speech

A  prior restraint

B  the Roth test

C  probable cause

D  symbolic speech

A  right to travel

B  right to marry

C  right to vote

D  right to privacy

A  double jeopardy

B  trials without a jury

C  unreasonable search and seizure

D  self-incrimination

A  Fifteenth

B  Tenth

C  Third

D  Eighth

A  being tried again for the same crime

B  asserting innocence

C  seeking the assistance of an attorney

D  benefiting financially from that crime

A  commerce

B  sexual freedom

C  privacy

D  family

A  displays of religious symbols during holidays

B  teaching of evolution in school

C  displays of religious symbols on government buildings

D  recitation of prayer and Bible passages in school

A  any additional constraints

B  a prior restraint

C  an undue burden

D  an inconvenient truth

A  a jury trial

B  speak to an attorney

C  quick and speedy trial

D  a phone call

A  Orange

B  Lemon

C  Free Exercise

D  Prior Restraint

A  before the fact

B  that is critical of the government

C  that is illegal

D  after the fact

A  The state could ban it.

B  The state could regulate it if the mother’s life were in danger.

C  The state could ban the abortion unless the mother’s life was in danger.

D  The state could do very little to limit a woman’s right to an abortion.

A  actual malice

B  witnesses

C  a written record

D  property loss

A  establishment

B  incorporation

C  free exercise

D  eminent domain

A  reasonable bail

B  assistance of counsel

C  the right to parole

D  a written indictment

A  slander; libel

B  slander; defamation

C  libel; defamation

D  libel; slander

A  Lawrence v. Texas

B  Roe v. Wade

C  US v. Morrison

D  New York Times v. Sullivan

A  It lowers overall tax rates.

B  It increases the gross domestic product.

C  It increases citizens’ access to government.

D  It lowers voter turnout.

A  the state governments can nullify laws passed by Congress

B  the quality of policies can vary from state to state.

C  states can figure out which policies work best for them

D  citizens can choose to live in those areas that have the policies they prefer

A  A constitutional arrangement concentrating power in a central government.

B  A loose association of states with mutually recognized compacts but no central government.

C  A loose association of states constitutionally created by a strong central government.

D  A constitutional arrangement by which two or more levels of government share formal authority over the same area and people.

A  pineapple-upside-down-cake

B  marble-cake

C  cupcake

D  layer-cake

A  categorical grants

B  business grants

C  block grants

D  programmatic requests

A  create courts

B  coin money

C  establish schools

D  operate prisons

A  due process

B  supremacy

C  equal protection

D  full faith and credit

A  dual

B  cooperative

C  combined

D  progressive

A  new federalism

B  progressive federalism

C  dual federalism

D  cooperative federalism

A  direct democracy

B  confederation

C  conglomeration

D  oligarchy

A  regulating interstate commerce

B  centralizing power in the federal government

C  limiting the national government

D  challenging the power of the states

A  Twelfth

B  Third

C  Sixth

D  Eleventh

A  redevelopment

B  devolution

C  evolution

D  excavation

A  commerce

B  equal protection

C  due process

D  full faith and credit

A  Eleventh

B  Tenth

C  Eighth

D  Fourteenth

A  Federalism

B  Confederation

C  Independence

D  Declaration

A  Discrimination is a natural part of the human experience.

B  Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race.

C  Unaddressed past discrimination causes perpetual inequality.

D  Diversity helps Americans better understand each other.

A  The quality of life for African Americans in the South had deteriorated considerably since the adoption of the separate-but-equal doctrine.

B  The separate-but-equal doctrine was never intended to apply to people.

C  The Supreme Court did not have all of the facts when it adopted the separate-but-equal doctrine.

D  School segregation violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection.

A  the Supreme Court had determined that only the national government could regulate elections

B  because Congress was afraid the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. would lead a boycott of white businesses if the legislation was not passed

C  because it was clear that many areas in the South had no intention of living up to the spirit of the Fifteenth Amendment

D  to prevent the race riots from spreading from African American neighborhoods into traditionally white neighborhoods

A  Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance.

B  All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.

C  Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.

D  Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.

A  It has ensured that men and women are treated equally in the workplace.

B  It has ensured that the courts evaluate gender discrimination using the inherently suspect test.

C  It has eliminated gender discrimination in the military.

D  It has had little effect because it was not formally adopted.

A  a legal prohibition on hiring women for positions that are known to be hazardous to women’s reproductive health

B  an election jurisdiction that does not provide bilingual ballots when there is a large bilingual community

C  a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women

D  an employer who systematically pays women less than men for doing comparable work

A  Those without a college degree are not eligible for upper-level civil service jobs.

B  Male and female student athletes cannot compete on the same basketball team at the university level.

C  Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is a racial minority whenever at least 10 percent of the bidders are minority-owned businesses.

D  Businesses cannot discriminate against gays and lesbians in hiring and promotion decisions.

A  considering how an applicant would contribute to the diversity of the university

B  admitting some minority applicants with lower academic achievement than some rejected white applicants

C  setting aside a certain percentage of admissions slots for African American students

D  considering race as a factor in university admissions decisions

A  affirmative action policies must be scrutinized using the same suspect standard that is used for other policies classifying people by race

B  affirmative action policies must be designed to address past discrimination without taking into account race, ethnicity, religion, or creed

C  affirmative action policies are subject to an intermediate standard whereby they are presumed to be permissible

D  affirmative action policies maybe broadly tailored to accomplish a compelling government interest

A  gays and lesbians

B  American Indians

C  Asian Americans

D  disabled Americans

A  Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce, which is regulated by Congress; there is no provision in federal law that prohibits segregation.

B  Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they did not immigrate to the United States willingly.

C  What was the basis for the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities?

D  The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law.

A  It was unconstitutional, but it was too late to do anything about it.

B  It did not pass the strict scrutiny test, and the internment was promptly terminated.

C  It was unconstitutional, and Japanese Americans must be duly compensated.

D  It was legally permissible.

A  racial segregation

B  lynchings by the Ku Klux Klan

C  racial quotas

D  voter discrimination

A  separate but equal

B  eligible to vote

C  citizens

D  property or chattel

A  Jim Crow laws

B  racial quotas in university admissions

C  all forms of affirmative action

D  grandfather clauses

A  nonvoters

B  winning candidates

C  losing candidates

D  voters

A  Korematsu v. United States

B  the 1965 Voting Rights Act

C  the Nineteenth Amendment

D  Reed v. Reed

A  involvement in insurrection

B  race

C  economic status

D  property ownership

A  due process

B  equal protection

C  jurisdiction

D  privileges and immunities

A  congressional inaction

B  natural law

C  national referendum

D  judicial interpretation

A  by a majority of voting-age citizens

B  by a two-thirds vote in each house of Congress

C  by a two-thirds vote in a special election called for the purpose of voting on the amendment

D  by a majority of state governors

A  stronger protections of individual liberties

B  shorter terms of office

C  stronger state governments

D  a stronger national government

A  the right to revolt

B  the divine right of kings

C  government itself

D  the consent of the governed

A  The Federalists

B  The Anti-Federalists

C  Whigs

D  Anti-Masons

A  Democratic Plan

B  Virginia Plan

C  New Jersey Plan

D  Republican Plan

A  The Constitution contained strong protections for individual rights; the Articles of Confederation contained strong protections for collective rights.

B  The Constitution was based on democratic principles; the Articles of Confederation was based on tyrannical principles.

C  The Constitution created a stronger national government than did the Articles of Confederation.

D  The Constitution contained stronger safeguards for states’ rights than did the Articles of Confederation.

A  privileges and immunities

B  oversight and influence

C  weights and measures

D  checks and balances

A  King Caucus

B  direct popular election

C  electoral college

D  People’s Plebiscite

A  a single chamber whose members were appointed by the president

B  a single chamber with each state receiving equal power

C  a single chamber with membership based on a state’s population

D  two chambers

A  taxation of private property

B  free speech infringement

C  unlawful detention

D  infringement of religious freedom

A  John Locke

B  Daniel Shays

C  Gramm Rudman

D  John Boehner

A  a commercial act

B  a form of due process

C  a private action

D  free speech

A  legislative

B  judicial

C  bureaucratic

D  executive

A  10

B  36

C  27

D  15

A  the Committees of Correspondence

B  the Continental Congress

C  the Common Sense Committee

D  the Constitutional Convention

A  the Articles of Confederation

B  Declaration of the Rights of Man

C  Magna Carta

D  the Declaration of Independence

A  positive rights

B  natural rights

C  intrinsic laws

D  Constitutional law

A  Political socialization is more important to governments than to individuals.

B  The age of the demographic that consumes television news is much higher on average than those that consume alternative sources of news.

C  Today’s generation of young adults is significantly more likely to read newspapers than their elders.

D  Children who develop positive feelings toward political authorities grow into adults who are not easily disenchanted with politics.

A  Civil disobedience involves intentionally breaking a law; a protest involves getting attention from the media.

B  Civil disobedience involves violence; a protest is peaceful.

C  Civil disobedience is involuntary; a protest is voluntary.

D  Civil disobedience involves unintentionally breaking a law; a protest involves intentionally breaking a law.

A  government programs to help individuals invest their Social Security income would likely be higher on the political agenda

B  government-run services would likely be privatized

C  government programs to alleviate economic inequality would likely be higher on the political agenda

D  government workers would likely unionize

A  parents of children under age 18

B  parents

C  citizens in the school district

D  women with children

A  gathering signatures for a proposed ballot measure

B  staging a sit-in

C  running for public office as a third party candidate

D  signing a petition in a school parking lot

A  Prayer belongs in school.

B  The United States should stop letting criminals hide behind the law.

C  Government should regulate the economy in the public interest.

D  Taxes and spending should be kept low.

A  candidate loyalty and authoritarianism

B  political participation and strength of party attachment

C  liberalism and political tolerance

D  political participation and suspicion of out-groups

A  Each congressional district must be redrawn to reflect changes in the state’s population.

B  The majority party in the House of Representatives is determined by each state’s proportion of party-affiliated voters.

C  The Constitution requires that each state’s taxes be proportional to the size of its population.

D  The number of seats each state has in the House is based on a state’s population, which changes over time.

A  Most new immigrants were being reunited with family in the United States.

B  The flow of immigrant families with children decreased.

C  The flow of low-income immigrant families from Mexico increased.

D  Most new immigrants were from northwestern Europe.

A  overthrowing the government

B  affecting public policy change

C  informing the public about the candidates

D  influencing voting behavior

A  the capacity of individuals (or groups) to exert their own political will

B  all the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue

C  all the activities used by citizens to socialize their children to the political process

D  a measure of the minimum requirements needed to vote

A  Young citizens are overrepresented at the polls.

B  Liberals are overrepresented at the polls.

C  Democrats are overrepresented at the polls.

D  Conservatives are overrepresented at the polls.

A  changes in the U.S. population affect membership in political parties

B  information the census collects helps to determine how more than $400 billion in federal funding is spent each year

C  participation indicates the legitimacy of government and of laws passed by Congress

D  information from the census determines tax rates

A  Working-class people consume more political news than do wealthier people.

B  Older people consume more political news than do younger people.

C  West Coast residents consume more political news than do East Coast residents.

D  Men consume considerably more political news than do women.

A  writing letters to the editor

B  volunteering with a campaign

C  protesting

D  contacting government officials

A  the predominance of conservatives in the United States

B  the predominance of liberals in the United States

C  the absence of pluralist thinking in the United States

D  the absence of moderates in the United States

A  ordinary citizens

B  big business

C  political parties

D  Congress

A  Congress is stronger and more influential than the presidency.

B  Too many influential groups cripple government’s ability to govern.

C  Because most citizens fail to pay attention to serious issues, government has become an elite institution.

D  Many groups vie for power with no one group dominating politics.

A  a congressional statute

B  a regulation

C  a presidential action

D  a budgetary choice

A  pluralist

B  laissez-faire

C  populist

D  egalitarian

A  public policy

B  government

C  politics

D  political culture

A  pluralism

B  majority rule

C  hyperpluralism

D  federalism

A  pluralism

B  policy gridlock

C  elitism

D  balance of power

A  enlightened rule

B  pluralism

C  representation

D  majority rule

A  freedom of speech and of the press

B  inclusion

C  one person, one vote

D  universal citizenship

A  a system that selects policymakers and organizes government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences

B  a system that grants a status of privilege to the most active and informed voters

C  a system that perpetuates the status quo and upholds the values of the party in power

D  a system that ensures freedom, justice, and peace to all citizens

A  all of the issues that candidates talk about on the campaign trail

B  the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other political actors

C  the issues that concern single-issue interest groups

D  the issues that are asked about on public opinion polls

A  government

B  the courts

C  political culture

D  Congress