Midterm Exam

A  be bused

B  pray

C  desegregate

D  take standardized tests

A  is critical of the government

B  qualifies as hate speech

C  is a prior restraint

D  creates a clear and present danger

A  the Roth test

B  probable cause

C  symbolic speech

D  prior restraint

A  right to vote

B  right to travel

C  right to privacy

D  right to marry

A  double jeopardy

B  self-incrimination

C  trials without a jury

D  unreasonable search and seizure

A  Fifteenth

B  Tenth

C  Eighth

D  Third

A  benefiting financially from that crime

B  seeking the assistance of an attorney

C  asserting innocence

D  being tried again for the same crime

A  sexual freedom

B  privacy

C  family

D  commerce

A  recitation of prayer and Bible passages in school

B  displays of religious symbols during holidays

C  displays of religious symbols on government buildings

D  teaching of evolution in school

A  any additional constraints

B  a prior restraint

C  an undue burden

D  an inconvenient truth

A  a phone call

B  quick and speedy trial

C  a jury trial

D  speak to an attorney

A  Orange

B  Prior Restraint

C  Free Exercise

D  Lemon

A  that is illegal

B  before the fact

C  that is critical of the government

D  after the fact

A  The state could ban the abortion unless the mother’s life was in danger.

B  The state could do very little to limit a woman’s right to an abortion.

C  The state could regulate it if the mother’s life were in danger.

D  The state could ban it.

A  a written record

B  actual malice

C  witnesses

D  property loss

A  incorporation

B  eminent domain

C  establishment

D  free exercise

A  the right to parole

B  a written indictment

C  reasonable bail

D  assistance of counsel

A  slander; libel

B  libel; defamation

C  slander; defamation

D  libel; slander

A  New York Times v. Sullivan

B  Roe v. Wade

C  US v. Morrison

D  Lawrence v. Texas

A  It lowers overall tax rates.

B  It lowers voter turnout.

C  It increases citizens’ access to government.

D  It increases the gross domestic product.

A  states can figure out which policies work best for them

B  the state governments can nullify laws passed by Congress

C  citizens can choose to live in those areas that have the policies they prefer

D  the quality of policies can vary from state to state.

A  A loose association of states with mutually recognized compacts but no central government.

B  A constitutional arrangement concentrating power in a central government.

C  A loose association of states constitutionally created by a strong central government.

D  A constitutional arrangement by which two or more levels of government share formal authority over the same area and people.

A  layer-cake

B  pineapple-upside-down-cake

C  cupcake

D  marble-cake

A  programmatic requests

B  block grants

C  categorical grants

D  business grants

A  establish schools

B  operate prisons

C  create courts

D  coin money

A  full faith and credit

B  supremacy

C  due process

D  equal protection

A  progressive

B  combined

C  dual

D  cooperative

A  cooperative federalism

B  new federalism

C  progressive federalism

D  dual federalism

A  direct democracy

B  confederation

C  oligarchy

D  conglomeration

A  limiting the national government

B  centralizing power in the federal government

C  challenging the power of the states

D  regulating interstate commerce

A  Eleventh

B  Sixth

C  Third

D  Twelfth

A  evolution

B  excavation

C  redevelopment

D  devolution

A  full faith and credit

B  due process

C  commerce

D  equal protection

A  Fourteenth

B  Eighth

C  Tenth

D  Eleventh

A  Declaration

B  Confederation

C  Federalism

D  Independence

A  Discrimination is a natural part of the human experience.

B  Diversity helps Americans better understand each other.

C  Unaddressed past discrimination causes perpetual inequality.

D  Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race.

A  The separate-but-equal doctrine was never intended to apply to people.

B  The Supreme Court did not have all of the facts when it adopted the separate-but-equal doctrine.

C  School segregation violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection.

D  The quality of life for African Americans in the South had deteriorated considerably since the adoption of the separate-but-equal doctrine.

A  because it was clear that many areas in the South had no intention of living up to the spirit of the Fifteenth Amendment

B  to prevent the race riots from spreading from African American neighborhoods into traditionally white neighborhoods

C  because Congress was afraid the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. would lead a boycott of white businesses if the legislation was not passed

D  the Supreme Court had determined that only the national government could regulate elections

A  Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.

B  Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.

C  All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.

D  Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance.

A  It has ensured that men and women are treated equally in the workplace.

B  It has had little effect because it was not formally adopted.

C  It has eliminated gender discrimination in the military.

D  It has ensured that the courts evaluate gender discrimination using the inherently suspect test.

A  an employer who systematically pays women less than men for doing comparable work

B  a legal prohibition on hiring women for positions that are known to be hazardous to women’s reproductive health

C  an election jurisdiction that does not provide bilingual ballots when there is a large bilingual community

D  a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women

A  Businesses cannot discriminate against gays and lesbians in hiring and promotion decisions.

B  Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is a racial minority whenever at least 10 percent of the bidders are minority-owned businesses.

C  Those without a college degree are not eligible for upper-level civil service jobs.

D  Male and female student athletes cannot compete on the same basketball team at the university level.

A  setting aside a certain percentage of admissions slots for African American students

B  considering how an applicant would contribute to the diversity of the university

C  considering race as a factor in university admissions decisions

D  admitting some minority applicants with lower academic achievement than some rejected white applicants

A  affirmative action policies maybe broadly tailored to accomplish a compelling government interest

B  affirmative action policies must be designed to address past discrimination without taking into account race, ethnicity, religion, or creed

C  affirmative action policies must be scrutinized using the same suspect standard that is used for other policies classifying people by race

D  affirmative action policies are subject to an intermediate standard whereby they are presumed to be permissible

A  disabled Americans

B  American Indians

C  gays and lesbians

D  Asian Americans

A  The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law.

B  Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they did not immigrate to the United States willingly.

C  What was the basis for the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities?

D  Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce, which is regulated by Congress; there is no provision in federal law that prohibits segregation.

A  It was legally permissible.

B  It was unconstitutional, and Japanese Americans must be duly compensated.

C  It was unconstitutional, but it was too late to do anything about it.

D  It did not pass the strict scrutiny test, and the internment was promptly terminated.

A  racial segregation

B  lynchings by the Ku Klux Klan

C  voter discrimination

D  racial quotas

A  separate but equal

B  eligible to vote

C  property or chattel

D  citizens

A  racial quotas in university admissions

B  all forms of affirmative action

C  Jim Crow laws

D  grandfather clauses

A  voters

B  winning candidates

C  losing candidates

D  nonvoters

A  Korematsu v. United States

B  Reed v. Reed

C  the Nineteenth Amendment

D  the 1965 Voting Rights Act

A  involvement in insurrection

B  economic status

C  property ownership

D  race

A  jurisdiction

B  equal protection

C  due process

D  privileges and immunities

A  judicial interpretation

B  congressional inaction

C  natural law

D  national referendum

A  by a majority of voting-age citizens

B  by a majority of state governors

C  by a two-thirds vote in each house of Congress

D  by a two-thirds vote in a special election called for the purpose of voting on the amendment

A  a stronger national government

B  shorter terms of office

C  stronger state governments

D  stronger protections of individual liberties

A  the consent of the governed

B  the divine right of kings

C  government itself

D  the right to revolt

A  The Federalists

B  Whigs

C  Anti-Masons

D  The Anti-Federalists

A  Virginia Plan

B  Republican Plan

C  New Jersey Plan

D  Democratic Plan

A  The Constitution contained strong protections for individual rights; the Articles of Confederation contained strong protections for collective rights.

B  The Constitution was based on democratic principles; the Articles of Confederation was based on tyrannical principles.

C  The Constitution created a stronger national government than did the Articles of Confederation.

D  The Constitution contained stronger safeguards for states’ rights than did the Articles of Confederation.

A  privileges and immunities

B  checks and balances

C  oversight and influence

D  weights and measures

A  People’s Plebiscite

B  direct popular election

C  electoral college

D  King Caucus

A  a single chamber with membership based on a state’s population

B  two chambers

C  a single chamber with each state receiving equal power

D  a single chamber whose members were appointed by the president

A  infringement of religious freedom

B  free speech infringement

C  unlawful detention

D  taxation of private property

A  Gramm Rudman

B  John Locke

C  John Boehner

D  Daniel Shays

A  a commercial act

B  free speech

C  a form of due process

D  a private action

A  bureaucratic

B  executive

C  legislative

D  judicial

A  15

B  36

C  27

D  10

A  the Continental Congress

B  the Committees of Correspondence

C  the Common Sense Committee

D  the Constitutional Convention

A  Declaration of the Rights of Man

B  the Declaration of Independence

C  the Articles of Confederation

D  Magna Carta

A  intrinsic laws

B  Constitutional law

C  positive rights

D  natural rights

A  The age of the demographic that consumes television news is much higher on average than those that consume alternative sources of news.

B  Political socialization is more important to governments than to individuals.

C  Children who develop positive feelings toward political authorities grow into adults who are not easily disenchanted with politics.

D  Today’s generation of young adults is significantly more likely to read newspapers than their elders.

A  Civil disobedience involves unintentionally breaking a law; a protest involves intentionally breaking a law.

B  Civil disobedience is involuntary; a protest is voluntary.

C  Civil disobedience involves violence; a protest is peaceful.

D  Civil disobedience involves intentionally breaking a law; a protest involves getting attention from the media.

A  government programs to help individuals invest their Social Security income would likely be higher on the political agenda

B  government workers would likely unionize

C  government programs to alleviate economic inequality would likely be higher on the political agenda

D  government-run services would likely be privatized

A  parents

B  parents of children under age 18

C  women with children

D  citizens in the school district

A  signing a petition in a school parking lot

B  gathering signatures for a proposed ballot measure

C  running for public office as a third party candidate

D  staging a sit-in

A  Government should regulate the economy in the public interest.

B  The United States should stop letting criminals hide behind the law.

C  Prayer belongs in school.

D  Taxes and spending should be kept low.

A  political participation and strength of party attachment

B  political participation and suspicion of out-groups

C  candidate loyalty and authoritarianism

D  liberalism and political tolerance

A  The majority party in the House of Representatives is determined by each state’s proportion of party-affiliated voters.

B  Each congressional district must be redrawn to reflect changes in the state’s population.

C  The number of seats each state has in the House is based on a state’s population, which changes over time.

D  The Constitution requires that each state’s taxes be proportional to the size of its population.

A  Most new immigrants were being reunited with family in the United States.

B  Most new immigrants were from northwestern Europe.

C  The flow of low-income immigrant families from Mexico increased.

D  The flow of immigrant families with children decreased.

A  influencing voting behavior

B  informing the public about the candidates

C  overthrowing the government

D  affecting public policy change

A  all the activities used by citizens to socialize their children to the political process

B  a measure of the minimum requirements needed to vote

C  the capacity of individuals (or groups) to exert their own political will

D  all the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue

A  Democrats are overrepresented at the polls.

B  Young citizens are overrepresented at the polls.

C  Conservatives are overrepresented at the polls.

D  Liberals are overrepresented at the polls.

A  information from the census determines tax rates

B  changes in the U.S. population affect membership in political parties

C  information the census collects helps to determine how more than $400 billion in federal funding is spent each year

D  participation indicates the legitimacy of government and of laws passed by Congress

A  Working-class people consume more political news than do wealthier people.

B  Men consume considerably more political news than do women.

C  Older people consume more political news than do younger people.

D  West Coast residents consume more political news than do East Coast residents.

A  protesting

B  volunteering with a campaign

C  writing letters to the editor

D  contacting government officials

A  the absence of moderates in the United States

B  the predominance of liberals in the United States

C  the predominance of conservatives in the United States

D  the absence of pluralist thinking in the United States

A  ordinary citizens

B  Congress

C  political parties

D  big business

A  Many groups vie for power with no one group dominating politics.

B  Congress is stronger and more influential than the presidency.

C  Because most citizens fail to pay attention to serious issues, government has become an elite institution.

D  Too many influential groups cripple government’s ability to govern.

A  a budgetary choice

B  a presidential action

C  a regulation

D  a congressional statute

A  laissez-faire

B  populist

C  pluralist

D  egalitarian

A  political culture

B  politics

C  public policy

D  government

A  federalism

B  pluralism

C  hyperpluralism

D  majority rule

A  pluralism

B  balance of power

C  elitism

D  policy gridlock

A  enlightened rule

B  pluralism

C  majority rule

D  representation

A  one person, one vote

B  universal citizenship

C  inclusion

D  freedom of speech and of the press

A  a system that perpetuates the status quo and upholds the values of the party in power

B  a system that ensures freedom, justice, and peace to all citizens

C  a system that selects policymakers and organizes government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences

D  a system that grants a status of privilege to the most active and informed voters

A  the issues that concern single-issue interest groups

B  all of the issues that candidates talk about on the campaign trail

C  the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other political actors

D  the issues that are asked about on public opinion polls

A  government

B  Congress

C  the courts

D  political culture