Lecture Exam 4

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Question #1

Sweat glands and arrector pili muscles are controlled

A only by the parasympathetic nervous system.

B by both the autonomic and somatic nervous systems.

C only by the sympathetic nervous system.

D by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Question #2

Postganglionic axons from the celiac ganglion innervate the

A liver.

B stomach.

C gallbladder.

D All of the choices are correct.

E spleen.

Question #3

Specific prevertebral ganglia are named after the

A major abdominal arteries around which they are found.

B vertebra from under which the preganglionic axon travels.

C early anatomist who discovered and described them.

D effector organ stimulated by the postganglionic axon.

E distance from the corresponding parasympathetic ganglion.

Question #4

A structure that is said to resemble a pearl necklace is a

A parasympathetic ganglion.

B sympathetic trunk.

C splanchnic ganglion.

D parasympathetic trunk.

Question #5

The ANS uses pathways that include two-neuron chains to innervate its effector organs.

A True

B False

Question #6

Dual innervation means that an individual effector

A receives input from both the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems.

B receives two autonomic axons on each smooth muscle cell.

C may be excited or inhibited by a single division of the autonomic nervous system.

D receives input from both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems.

Question #7

The micturition reflex results in

A vigorous contraction of the smooth muscle of the large intestine and relaxation of anal sphincters.

B retention of urine and feces by relaxing some muscles and contracting others.

C a decrease in blood pressure due to a slowing of heart rate.

D contraction of smooth muscle in the bladder and relaxation of urinary sphincters.

Question #8

Parasympathetic activity is responsible for increased smooth muscle motility and secretory activity in digestive tract organs.

A False

B True

Question #9

Which autonomic plexus consists of postganglionic sympathetic axons that come off the cervical and thoracic sympathetic trunk ganglia, as well as preganglionic axons from the vagus nerve?

A Cardiac plexus

B Hypogastric plexus

C Esophageal plexus

D Pulmonary plexus

E Abdominal aortic plexus

Question #10

Paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia are part of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS.

A False

B True

Question #11

The sympathetic division of the ANS has

A norepinephrine as neurotransmitter.

B All of the choices are correct.

C long postganglionic axons.

D preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the T1–L2 regions of the spinal cord.

Question #12

The autonomic nervous system may receive input from visceral sensory neurons.

A False

B True

Question #13

Which system contains short preganglionic axons that branch extensively?

A Parasympathetic nervous system

B Sympathetic nervous system

C Somatic nervous system

Question #14

Which division functions to conserve energy and replenish the supply of nutrients?

A Parasympathetic

B Somatic

C Sympathetic

Question #15

The arrector pili muscles receive their sympathetic innervation via the

A postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway.

B None of the choices is correct.

C splanchnic nerve pathway.

D spinal nerve pathway.

E adrenal medulla pathway.

Question #16

The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A are composed of PNS structures only.

B function only during sleep.

C use preganglionic and postganglionic neurons to innervate skeletal muscle.

D are voluntary.

E contain autonomic ganglia to house ganglionic neurons.

Question #17

The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the

A lacrimal gland.

B large intestine.

C sublingual salivary gland.

D ciliary muscle.

E parotid salivary gland.

Question #18

Autonomic tone allows for a single division of the autonomic nervous system to control an organ by changing that division’s activity levels up or down from baseline.

A True

B False

Question #19

Muscarinic receptors are proteins that bind the neurotransmitter

A epinephrine.

B acetylcholine.

C norepinephrine.

Question #20

Postganglionic sympathetic axons are carried from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerve by the

A splanchnic nerves.

B superior cervical ganglion.

C white rami communicantes.

D pterygopalatine ganglion.

E gray rami communicantes.

Question #21

Which is not an effector innervated by the autonomic nervous system?

A Cardiac muscle

B Skeletal muscle

C Smooth muscle

D Glands

Question #22

Gray rami from the sympathetic trunk connect to

A all spinal nerves.

B the sympathetic trunk

C the cranial nerves.

D alternating spinal nerves.

Question #23

Postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS cause increased secretion by the lacrimal (tear) glands.

A True

B False

Question #24

The sympathetic trunks are located

A inferior to the sacral plexus.

B lateral to prevertebral ganglia.

C in the craniosacral regions.

D immediately lateral to the vertebral column.

E superior to the brachial plexus.

Question #25

The superior mesenteric ganglion of the sympathetic branch of the ANS is adjacent to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery.

A True

B False

Question #26

The simple knee-jerk reflex is an example of a(n) _____ reflex.

A contralateral

B crossed-extensor

C ipsilateral

D multisynaptic

E monosynaptic

Question #27

Nerve plexuses are networks of interweaving posterior rami of spinal nerves.

A False

B True

Question #28

The direct motor pathway originates in the

A superior colliculus of the midbrain.

B reticular formation of the brainstem.

C vestibular nuclei of the brainstem.

D motor cortex of the cerebral cortex.

Question #29

A reflex arc in which both the receptor and the effector organs of the reflex are on the same side of the spinal cord is

A contralateral.

B monosynaptic.

C polysynaptic.

D ipsilateral.

Question #30

Sensory impulses traveling through the posterior root will reach the _______ upon entering the spinal cord.

A central commissure

B posterior horn

C anterior horn

D posterior root ganglion

Question #31

Information about temperature, proprioception, and pressure from skin, joints, and muscles is conveyed by

A visceromotor pathways.

B somatomotor pathways.

C viscerosensory pathways.

D somatosensory pathways.

Question #32

The cell bodies of lower motor neurons are housed in the posterior horns of the spinal cord.

A True

B False

Question #33

This nerve helps to plant the foot and receives sensory signals from the skin of the sole.

A Tibial nerve

B Deep fibular nerve

C Femoral nerve

D Obturator nerve

E Genitofemoral nerve

Question #34

The obturator nerve innervates muscles of the lateral thigh.

A True

B False

Question #35

Motor pathways are _________ tracts that control _________.

A descending; effectors

B ascending; effectors

C ascending; affectors

D descending; affectors

Question #36

Which accurately describes sensory and motor pathways?

A Both sensory and motor pathways terminate in the brain.

B Sensory pathways terminate at effectors and motor pathways terminate in the brain.

C Sensory pathways terminate in the brain, and motor pathways terminate at effectors.

D Both sensory and motor pathways terminate in the PNS.

Question #37

The subdural space is the region between the arachnoid mater and the dura mater.

A False

B True

Question #38

Because most pathways decussate, each side of the brain processes information from the _________ side of the body.

A contralateral

B ipsilateral

Question #39

What is the thin strand of pia mater that helps to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx?

A Filum terminale

B Terminus coccyx

C Cervical enlargement

D Conus medullaris

E Coccygeal tendon

Question #40

Stepping on a piece of glass would most likely invoke a _____ reflex.

A withdrawal

B pain

C motor

D tendon

E stretch

Question #41

The fasciculus cuneatus is part of the

A anterolateral pathway.

B spinocerebellar pathway.

C lateral spinothalamic tract.

D fasciculus gracilis.

E posterior funiculus–medial lemniscal pathway.

Question #42

In the brain, the outer cerebral cortex consists of gray matter, but in the spinal cord, gray matter is confined to the innermost regions.

A True

B False

Question #43

In both the anterolateral pathway and the posterior funiculus–medial lemniscal pathway, the axons of the ________ neurons decussate in the CNS.

A tertiary

B secondary

C primary

D quaternary

Question #44

A typical spinal cord in an adult is

A 20–24 inches long.

B 24–26 inches long.

C 8–10 inches long.

D 16–18 inches long.

E 12–14 inches long.

Question #45

The tapered, conical inferior end of the spinal cord is called the conus

A caudalis.

B sacralis.

C finalis.

D equine.

E medullaris.

Question #46

The large section of spinal white matter that is found between the posterior gray horns is known as the posterior

A commissure.

B peduncle.

C decussation.

D funiculus.

Question #47

The nerve that innervates the deltoid muscle and receives sensory input from the superolateral lateral arm is the

A radial nerve.

B musculocutaneous nerve.

D median nerve.

E axillary nerve.

F ulnar nerve.

Question #48

The lumbar region of the spinal cord is closest to the lumbar vertebrae of the vertebral column.

A False

B True

Question #49

In general, nerves from the posterior division of the brachial plexus tend to innervate muscles that extend the parts of the upper limb.

A False

B True

Question #50

What is the correct order for the events that occur during a reflex?

a: Impulse travels through sensory neuron to the CNS
b: A stimulus activates a receptor
c: Information is processed by interneurons
d: Motor neuron transmits impulse to effector
e: Effector responds

A a, b, c, d, e

B b, a, c, d, e

C b, d, c, a, e

D c, a, b, d, e

E c, b, a, e, d

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