Lecture Exam 4

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Question #1

Sweat glands and arrector pili muscles are controlled

A by both the autonomic and somatic nervous systems.

B only by the sympathetic nervous system.

C only by the parasympathetic nervous system.

D by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Question #2

Postganglionic axons from the celiac ganglion innervate the

A liver.

B stomach.

C gallbladder.

D All of the choices are correct.

E spleen.

Question #3

Specific prevertebral ganglia are named after the

A major abdominal arteries around which they are found.

B effector organ stimulated by the postganglionic axon.

C distance from the corresponding parasympathetic ganglion.

D early anatomist who discovered and described them.

E vertebra from under which the preganglionic axon travels.

Question #4

A structure that is said to resemble a pearl necklace is a

A parasympathetic trunk.

B splanchnic ganglion.

C parasympathetic ganglion.

D sympathetic trunk.

Question #5

The ANS uses pathways that include two-neuron chains to innervate its effector organs.

A False

B True

Question #6

Dual innervation means that an individual effector

A receives two autonomic axons on each smooth muscle cell.

B receives input from both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems.

C may be excited or inhibited by a single division of the autonomic nervous system.

D receives input from both the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems.

Question #7

The micturition reflex results in

A vigorous contraction of the smooth muscle of the large intestine and relaxation of anal sphincters.

B retention of urine and feces by relaxing some muscles and contracting others.

C contraction of smooth muscle in the bladder and relaxation of urinary sphincters.

D a decrease in blood pressure due to a slowing of heart rate.

Question #8

Parasympathetic activity is responsible for increased smooth muscle motility and secretory activity in digestive tract organs.

A False

B True

Question #9

Which autonomic plexus consists of postganglionic sympathetic axons that come off the cervical and thoracic sympathetic trunk ganglia, as well as preganglionic axons from the vagus nerve?

A Hypogastric plexus

B Cardiac plexus

C Abdominal aortic plexus

D Pulmonary plexus

E Esophageal plexus

Question #10

Paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia are part of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS.

A True

B False

Question #11

The sympathetic division of the ANS has

A preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the T1–L2 regions of the spinal cord.

B norepinephrine as neurotransmitter.

C long postganglionic axons.

D All of the choices are correct.

Question #12

The autonomic nervous system may receive input from visceral sensory neurons.

A False

B True

Question #13

Which system contains short preganglionic axons that branch extensively?

A Somatic nervous system

B Sympathetic nervous system

C Parasympathetic nervous system

Question #14

Which division functions to conserve energy and replenish the supply of nutrients?

A Sympathetic

B Parasympathetic

C Somatic

Question #15

The arrector pili muscles receive their sympathetic innervation via the

A splanchnic nerve pathway.

B postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway.

C spinal nerve pathway.

D adrenal medulla pathway.

E None of the choices is correct.

Question #16

The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A use preganglionic and postganglionic neurons to innervate skeletal muscle.

B contain autonomic ganglia to house ganglionic neurons.

C are voluntary.

D function only during sleep.

E are composed of PNS structures only.

Question #17

The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the

A ciliary muscle.

B parotid salivary gland.

C sublingual salivary gland.

D large intestine.

E lacrimal gland.

Question #18

Autonomic tone allows for a single division of the autonomic nervous system to control an organ by changing that division’s activity levels up or down from baseline.

A True

B False

Question #19

Muscarinic receptors are proteins that bind the neurotransmitter

A norepinephrine.

B epinephrine.

C acetylcholine.

Question #20

Postganglionic sympathetic axons are carried from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerve by the

A superior cervical ganglion.

B gray rami communicantes.

C splanchnic nerves.

D pterygopalatine ganglion.

E white rami communicantes.

Question #21

Which is not an effector innervated by the autonomic nervous system?

A Cardiac muscle

B Smooth muscle

C Glands

D Skeletal muscle

Question #22

Gray rami from the sympathetic trunk connect to

A all spinal nerves.

B the sympathetic trunk

C the cranial nerves.

D alternating spinal nerves.

Question #23

Postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS cause increased secretion by the lacrimal (tear) glands.

A False

B True

Question #24

The sympathetic trunks are located

A inferior to the sacral plexus.

B in the craniosacral regions.

C lateral to prevertebral ganglia.

D superior to the brachial plexus.

E immediately lateral to the vertebral column.

Question #25

The superior mesenteric ganglion of the sympathetic branch of the ANS is adjacent to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery.

A False

B True

Question #26

The simple knee-jerk reflex is an example of a(n) _____ reflex.

A contralateral

B monosynaptic

C crossed-extensor

D ipsilateral

E multisynaptic

Question #27

Nerve plexuses are networks of interweaving posterior rami of spinal nerves.

A False

B True

Question #28

The direct motor pathway originates in the

A reticular formation of the brainstem.

B motor cortex of the cerebral cortex.

C superior colliculus of the midbrain.

D vestibular nuclei of the brainstem.

Question #29

A reflex arc in which both the receptor and the effector organs of the reflex are on the same side of the spinal cord is

A ipsilateral.

B monosynaptic.

C polysynaptic.

D contralateral.

Question #30

Sensory impulses traveling through the posterior root will reach the _______ upon entering the spinal cord.

A anterior horn

B central commissure

C posterior root ganglion

D posterior horn

Question #31

Information about temperature, proprioception, and pressure from skin, joints, and muscles is conveyed by

A visceromotor pathways.

B viscerosensory pathways.

C somatosensory pathways.

D somatomotor pathways.

Question #32

The cell bodies of lower motor neurons are housed in the posterior horns of the spinal cord.

A True

B False

Question #33

This nerve helps to plant the foot and receives sensory signals from the skin of the sole.

A Tibial nerve

B Genitofemoral nerve

C Obturator nerve

D Femoral nerve

E Deep fibular nerve

Question #34

The obturator nerve innervates muscles of the lateral thigh.

A True

B False

Question #35

Motor pathways are _________ tracts that control _________.

A ascending; effectors

B ascending; affectors

C descending; effectors

D descending; affectors

Question #36

Which accurately describes sensory and motor pathways?

A Both sensory and motor pathways terminate in the brain.

B Sensory pathways terminate at effectors and motor pathways terminate in the brain.

C Sensory pathways terminate in the brain, and motor pathways terminate at effectors.

D Both sensory and motor pathways terminate in the PNS.

Question #37

The subdural space is the region between the arachnoid mater and the dura mater.

A False

B True

Question #38

Because most pathways decussate, each side of the brain processes information from the _________ side of the body.

A ipsilateral

B contralateral

Question #39

What is the thin strand of pia mater that helps to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx?

A Cervical enlargement

B Terminus coccyx

C Coccygeal tendon

D Filum terminale

E Conus medullaris

Question #40

Stepping on a piece of glass would most likely invoke a _____ reflex.

A tendon

B motor

C withdrawal

D stretch

E pain

Question #41

The fasciculus cuneatus is part of the

A posterior funiculus–medial lemniscal pathway.

B anterolateral pathway.

C fasciculus gracilis.

D spinocerebellar pathway.

E lateral spinothalamic tract.

Question #42

In the brain, the outer cerebral cortex consists of gray matter, but in the spinal cord, gray matter is confined to the innermost regions.

A True

B False

Question #43

In both the anterolateral pathway and the posterior funiculus–medial lemniscal pathway, the axons of the ________ neurons decussate in the CNS.

A tertiary

B secondary

C primary

D quaternary

Question #44

A typical spinal cord in an adult is

A 12–14 inches long.

B 24–26 inches long.

C 16–18 inches long.

D 8–10 inches long.

E 20–24 inches long.

Question #45

The tapered, conical inferior end of the spinal cord is called the conus

A caudalis.

B sacralis.

C medullaris.

D equine.

E finalis.

Question #46

The large section of spinal white matter that is found between the posterior gray horns is known as the posterior

A peduncle.

B decussation.

C commissure.

D funiculus.

Question #47

The nerve that innervates the deltoid muscle and receives sensory input from the superolateral lateral arm is the

A radial nerve.

B ulnar nerve.

D median nerve.

E axillary nerve.

F musculocutaneous nerve.

Question #48

The lumbar region of the spinal cord is closest to the lumbar vertebrae of the vertebral column.

A True

B False

Question #49

In general, nerves from the posterior division of the brachial plexus tend to innervate muscles that extend the parts of the upper limb.

A False

B True

Question #50

What is the correct order for the events that occur during a reflex?

a: Impulse travels through sensory neuron to the CNS
b: A stimulus activates a receptor
c: Information is processed by interneurons
d: Motor neuron transmits impulse to effector
e: Effector responds

A b, a, c, d, e

B c, b, a, e, d

C c, a, b, d, e

D a, b, c, d, e

E b, d, c, a, e

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