Lecture Exam 3

A  medulla oblongata 

B  cerebellum 

C  hypothalamus 

D  limbic system 

A  Pons

B  Cerebrum 

C  Cerebellum

D  Medulla oblongata

A  blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

B  voluntary movement, frontal lobe

C  visual reflexes, pons 

D  blood pressure, pons 

A  Substantia nigra 

B  Cerebral nuclei

C  Red nuclei 

D  Arcuate nuclei 

A  thalamus.

B  pons.

C  hypothalamus.

D  epithalamus.

A  Habenular nucleus

B  Mammillary body

C  Pineal gland 

D  Anterior nucleus 

A  taste, insula 

B  sound, cerebellum

C  smell, parietal lobe

D  taste, frontal lobe

A  vision.

B  smell.

C  verbal communication.

D  hearing.

A  cerebral gyri.

B  cerebral sulci.

C  hypothalamus.

D  corpus callosum.

A  pons.

B  cerebellum.

C  cerebrum.

D  hypothalamus.

A  ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

B  microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

C  astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

D  astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

A  arachnoid villi.

B  microglia.

C  astrocytes.

D  the median aperture.

A  choroid plexus.

B  septum pellucidum.

C  arachnoid villi.

D  arachnoid granulation.

A  CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

B  CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

C  CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

D  CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

A  central canal.

B  interventricular foramen.

C  mesencephalic aqueduct

D  septum pellucidum.

A  third 

B  lateral 

C  median 

D  fourth

A  Pia mater 

B  Dura mater

C  Subdural layer

D  Arachnoid

A  a, c, b

B  b, c, a

C  b, a, c

D  a, b, c

A  endoderm.

B  mesoderm.

C  ectoderm.

A  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

B  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

C  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

D  unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

A  myelinated regions.

B  neurofibril nodes.

A  myelinated, large 

B  unmyelinated, small 

C  myelinated, small

D  unmyelinated, large 

A  calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

B  calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

C  calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

D  calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

A  Relative refractory period 

B  Absolute refractory period 

A  open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

B  open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

C  closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

D  closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

A  potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

B  potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

C  potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

D  potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

A  action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

B  excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

C  postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

D  resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

A  EPSP, which is a depolarization.

B  IPSP, which is a depolarization.

C  EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

D  IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

A  voltage-, axon 

B  voltage-, dendrite 

C  chemically, dendrite 

D  chemically, axon

A  is all or none (always the same intensity).

B  varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

C  travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

D  lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

A  voltage-gated channels.

B  chemically gated channels.

C  mechanically gated channels.

D  sodium-potassium pumps.

A   the same.

B  0 mV.

C  more positive.

D  more negative.

A  inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

B  directly related to both voltage and resistance.

C  directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

D  indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

A  the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

B  the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

C  the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

D  the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

A  voltage-gated chloride channel.

B  voltage-gated potassium channel.

C  voltage-gated calcium channel.

D  voltage-gated sodium channel.

A  conductive 

B   transmissive

C  receptive 

D   initial 

A  perineurium.

B  epineurium.

C  endosteum.

D  endoneurium.

A  dense regular connective tissue.

B  simple squamous epithelium.

C  dense irregular connective tissue.

D  areolar connective tissue.

A  carries information only toward the PNS.

B  contains a single axon.

C  is found only in the CNS.

D  is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

A  neurolemmocyte.

B  astrocyte.

C  ependymal cell.

D  satellite cell.

A  microglial cell.

B  oligodendrocyte.

C  ependymal cell.

D  astrocyte.

A  Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

B  Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

C  Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

D  Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

A   the presynaptic neuron’s soma into synaptic vesicles.

B  the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

C  the presynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

D  the presynaptic neuron’s synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

A  some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

B  astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

C  chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

D  individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

A  bipolar neurons.

B  interneurons.

C  motor neurons.

D  sensory neurons.

A  At the tips of telodendria 

B  At the ends of dendrites 

C  Within the cell body 

D  Along axon collaterals 

A  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

B  a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

C  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell’s target.

D  a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

A  Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

B  Transmits impulses from the viscera 

C   Involuntary control of the heart 

D  Conducts impulses from the CNS 

A  conduct impulses to muscles.

B  collect information.

C  initiate responses to information.

D  process information.