Lecture Exam 3

A  limbic system 

B  medulla oblongata 

C  cerebellum 

D  hypothalamus 

A  Pons

B  Cerebellum

C  Cerebrum 

D  Medulla oblongata

A  blood pressure, pons 

B  blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

C  visual reflexes, pons 

D  voluntary movement, frontal lobe

A  Cerebral nuclei

B  Red nuclei 

C  Arcuate nuclei 

D  Substantia nigra 

A  thalamus.

B  hypothalamus.

C  pons.

D  epithalamus.

A  Anterior nucleus 

B  Habenular nucleus

C  Pineal gland 

D  Mammillary body

A  sound, cerebellum

B  taste, insula 

C  taste, frontal lobe

D  smell, parietal lobe

A  hearing.

B  smell.

C  verbal communication.

D  vision.

A  cerebral gyri.

B  cerebral sulci.

C  corpus callosum.

D  hypothalamus.

A  cerebrum.

B  cerebellum.

C  pons.

D  hypothalamus.

A  astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

B  microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

C  ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

D  astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

A  the median aperture.

B  microglia.

C  arachnoid villi.

D  astrocytes.

A  septum pellucidum.

B  arachnoid granulation.

C  choroid plexus.

D  arachnoid villi.

A  CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

B  CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

C  CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

D  CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

A  mesencephalic aqueduct

B  central canal.

C  interventricular foramen.

D  septum pellucidum.

A  median 

B  third 

C  fourth

D  lateral 

A  Dura mater

B  Pia mater 

C  Subdural layer

D  Arachnoid

A  a, c, b

B  b, c, a

C  a, b, c

D  b, a, c

A  endoderm.

B  mesoderm.

C  ectoderm.

A  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

B  unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

C  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

D  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

A  neurofibril nodes.

B  myelinated regions.

A  unmyelinated, small 

B  myelinated, large 

C  unmyelinated, large 

D  myelinated, small

A  calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

B  calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

C  calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

D  calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

A  Absolute refractory period 

B  Relative refractory period 

A  open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

B  open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

C  closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

D  closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

A  potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

B  potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

C  potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

D  potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

A  postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

B  resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

C  action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

D  excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

A  EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

B  IPSP, which is a depolarization.

C  IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

D  EPSP, which is a depolarization.

A  chemically, dendrite 

B  chemically, axon

C  voltage-, dendrite 

D  voltage-, axon 

A  varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

B  travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

C  lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

D  is all or none (always the same intensity).

A  chemically gated channels.

B  sodium-potassium pumps.

C  voltage-gated channels.

D  mechanically gated channels.

A  more negative.

B  0 mV.

C   the same.

D  more positive.

A  directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

B  inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

C  indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

D  directly related to both voltage and resistance.

A  the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

B  the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

C  the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

D  the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

A  voltage-gated calcium channel.

B  voltage-gated sodium channel.

C  voltage-gated potassium channel.

D  voltage-gated chloride channel.

A   transmissive

B  receptive 

C   initial 

D  conductive 

A  epineurium.

B  endoneurium.

C  endosteum.

D  perineurium.

A  areolar connective tissue.

B  dense irregular connective tissue.

C  dense regular connective tissue.

D  simple squamous epithelium.

A  is found only in the CNS.

B  contains a single axon.

C  is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

D  carries information only toward the PNS.

A  neurolemmocyte.

B  astrocyte.

C  ependymal cell.

D  satellite cell.

A  ependymal cell.

B  oligodendrocyte.

C  microglial cell.

D  astrocyte.

A  Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

B  Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

C  Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

D  Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

A  the presynaptic neuron’s synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

B  the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

C  the presynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

D   the presynaptic neuron’s soma into synaptic vesicles.

A  individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

B  astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

C  chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

D  some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

A  bipolar neurons.

B  interneurons.

C  motor neurons.

D  sensory neurons.

A  At the tips of telodendria 

B  Along axon collaterals 

C  Within the cell body 

D  At the ends of dendrites 

A  a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

B  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

C  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell’s target.

D  a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

A  Transmits impulses from the viscera 

B   Involuntary control of the heart 

C  Conducts impulses from the CNS 

D  Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

A  initiate responses to information.

B  process information.

C  conduct impulses to muscles.

D  collect information.