Lecture Exam 3

A  hypothalamus 

B  cerebellum 

C  limbic system 

D  medulla oblongata 

A  Medulla oblongata

B  Cerebellum

C  Pons

D  Cerebrum 

A  blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

B  blood pressure, pons 

C  visual reflexes, pons 

D  voluntary movement, frontal lobe

A  Red nuclei 

B  Cerebral nuclei

C  Substantia nigra 

D  Arcuate nuclei 

A  pons.

B  hypothalamus.

C  thalamus.

D  epithalamus.

A  Pineal gland 

B  Anterior nucleus 

C  Mammillary body

D  Habenular nucleus

A  taste, insula 

B  smell, parietal lobe

C  taste, frontal lobe

D  sound, cerebellum

A  smell.

B  hearing.

C  verbal communication.

D  vision.

A  corpus callosum.

B  cerebral sulci.

C  cerebral gyri.

D  hypothalamus.

A  cerebellum.

B  pons.

C  cerebrum.

D  hypothalamus.

A  microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

B  astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

C  astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

D  ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

A  the median aperture.

B  microglia.

C  astrocytes.

D  arachnoid villi.

A  septum pellucidum.

B  arachnoid villi.

C  arachnoid granulation.

D  choroid plexus.

A  CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

B  CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

C  CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

D  CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

A  interventricular foramen.

B  septum pellucidum.

C  central canal.

D  mesencephalic aqueduct

A  median 

B  fourth

C  lateral 

D  third 

A  Pia mater 

B  Dura mater

C  Arachnoid

D  Subdural layer

A  a, b, c

B  b, a, c

C  a, c, b

D  b, c, a

A  ectoderm.

B  mesoderm.

C  endoderm.

A  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

B  unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

C  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

D  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

A  neurofibril nodes.

B  myelinated regions.

A  unmyelinated, large 

B  myelinated, large 

C  unmyelinated, small 

D  myelinated, small

A  calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

B  calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

C  calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

D  calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

A  Relative refractory period 

B  Absolute refractory period 

A  open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

B  closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

C  closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

D  open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

A  potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

B  potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

C  potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

D  potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

A  excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

B  action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

C  postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

D  resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

A  EPSP, which is a depolarization.

B  IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

C  IPSP, which is a depolarization.

D  EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

A  chemically, axon

B  voltage-, axon 

C  chemically, dendrite 

D  voltage-, dendrite 

A  is all or none (always the same intensity).

B  travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

C  varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

D  lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

A  sodium-potassium pumps.

B  chemically gated channels.

C  voltage-gated channels.

D  mechanically gated channels.

A  more positive.

B   the same.

C  more negative.

D  0 mV.

A  inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

B  directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

C  indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

D  directly related to both voltage and resistance.

A  the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

B  the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

C  the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

D  the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

A  voltage-gated sodium channel.

B  voltage-gated chloride channel.

C  voltage-gated calcium channel.

D  voltage-gated potassium channel.

A  conductive 

B   transmissive

C  receptive 

D   initial 

A  epineurium.

B  endoneurium.

C  endosteum.

D  perineurium.

A  areolar connective tissue.

B  dense irregular connective tissue.

C  dense regular connective tissue.

D  simple squamous epithelium.

A  carries information only toward the PNS.

B  contains a single axon.

C  is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

D  is found only in the CNS.

A  ependymal cell.

B  satellite cell.

C  neurolemmocyte.

D  astrocyte.

A  ependymal cell.

B  microglial cell.

C  astrocyte.

D  oligodendrocyte.

A  Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

B  Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

C  Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

D  Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

A  the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

B  the presynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

C  the presynaptic neuron’s synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

D   the presynaptic neuron’s soma into synaptic vesicles.

A  some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

B  chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

C  individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

D  astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

A  interneurons.

B  bipolar neurons.

C  motor neurons.

D  sensory neurons.

A  At the ends of dendrites 

B  Along axon collaterals 

C  Within the cell body 

D  At the tips of telodendria 

A  a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

B  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell’s target.

C  a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

D  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

A   Involuntary control of the heart 

B  Transmits impulses from the viscera 

C  Conducts impulses from the CNS 

D  Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

A  initiate responses to information.

B  collect information.

C  process information.

D  conduct impulses to muscles.