Lecture Exam 3

A  hypothalamus 

B  cerebellum 

C  limbic system 

D  medulla oblongata 

A  Cerebrum 

B  Medulla oblongata

C  Pons

D  Cerebellum

A  blood pressure, pons 

B  voluntary movement, frontal lobe

C  blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

D  visual reflexes, pons 

A  Red nuclei 

B  Cerebral nuclei

C  Arcuate nuclei 

D  Substantia nigra 

A  pons.

B  epithalamus.

C  hypothalamus.

D  thalamus.

A  Habenular nucleus

B  Pineal gland 

C  Mammillary body

D  Anterior nucleus 

A  smell, parietal lobe

B  taste, frontal lobe

C  sound, cerebellum

D  taste, insula 

A  hearing.

B  verbal communication.

C  smell.

D  vision.

A  cerebral sulci.

B  corpus callosum.

C  cerebral gyri.

D  hypothalamus.

A  pons.

B  hypothalamus.

C  cerebellum.

D  cerebrum.

A  astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

B  astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

C  microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

D  ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

A  arachnoid villi.

B  astrocytes.

C  the median aperture.

D  microglia.

A  arachnoid villi.

B  arachnoid granulation.

C  choroid plexus.

D  septum pellucidum.

A  CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

B  CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

C  CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

D  CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

A  septum pellucidum.

B  mesencephalic aqueduct

C  central canal.

D  interventricular foramen.

A  third 

B  median 

C  lateral 

D  fourth

A  Dura mater

B  Arachnoid

C  Subdural layer

D  Pia mater 

A  a, b, c

B  b, a, c

C  b, c, a

D  a, c, b

A  mesoderm.

B  ectoderm.

C  endoderm.

A  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

B  unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

C  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

D  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

A  neurofibril nodes.

B  myelinated regions.

A  myelinated, large 

B  unmyelinated, large 

C  myelinated, small

D  unmyelinated, small 

A  calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

B  calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

C  calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

D  calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

A  Absolute refractory period 

B  Relative refractory period 

A  closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

B  open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

C  open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

D  closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

A  potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

B  potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

C  potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

D  potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

A  resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

B  excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

C  action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

D  postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

A  IPSP, which is a depolarization.

B  EPSP, which is a depolarization.

C  IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

D  EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

A  chemically, axon

B  voltage-, dendrite 

C  voltage-, axon 

D  chemically, dendrite 

A  varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

B  travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

C  lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

D  is all or none (always the same intensity).

A  mechanically gated channels.

B  chemically gated channels.

C  voltage-gated channels.

D  sodium-potassium pumps.

A  0 mV.

B  more negative.

C  more positive.

D   the same.

A  inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

B  indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

C  directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

D  directly related to both voltage and resistance.

A  the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

B  the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

C  the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

D  the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

A  voltage-gated sodium channel.

B  voltage-gated chloride channel.

C  voltage-gated potassium channel.

D  voltage-gated calcium channel.

A  conductive 

B   transmissive

C  receptive 

D   initial 

A  perineurium.

B  endoneurium.

C  endosteum.

D  epineurium.

A  areolar connective tissue.

B  dense regular connective tissue.

C  dense irregular connective tissue.

D  simple squamous epithelium.

A  is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

B  is found only in the CNS.

C  carries information only toward the PNS.

D  contains a single axon.

A  ependymal cell.

B  neurolemmocyte.

C  astrocyte.

D  satellite cell.

A  microglial cell.

B  ependymal cell.

C  astrocyte.

D  oligodendrocyte.

A  Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

B  Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

C  Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

D  Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

A  the presynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

B   the presynaptic neuron’s soma into synaptic vesicles.

C  the presynaptic neuron’s synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

D  the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

A  individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

B  some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

C  chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

D  astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

A  bipolar neurons.

B  interneurons.

C  sensory neurons.

D  motor neurons.

A  At the ends of dendrites 

B  At the tips of telodendria 

C  Along axon collaterals 

D  Within the cell body 

A  a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

B  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell’s target.

C  a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

D  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

A  Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

B  Transmits impulses from the viscera 

C  Conducts impulses from the CNS 

D   Involuntary control of the heart 

A  process information.

B  conduct impulses to muscles.

C  initiate responses to information.

D  collect information.