Lecture Exam 3

A  limbic system 

B  cerebellum 

C  hypothalamus 

D  medulla oblongata 

A  Pons

B  Cerebrum 

C  Cerebellum

D  Medulla oblongata

A  blood pressure, pons 

B  voluntary movement, frontal lobe

C  visual reflexes, pons 

D  blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

A  Red nuclei 

B  Substantia nigra 

C  Arcuate nuclei 

D  Cerebral nuclei

A  epithalamus.

B  hypothalamus.

C  thalamus.

D  pons.

A  Habenular nucleus

B  Pineal gland 

C  Anterior nucleus 

D  Mammillary body

A  taste, insula 

B  smell, parietal lobe

C  sound, cerebellum

D  taste, frontal lobe

A  smell.

B  vision.

C  hearing.

D  verbal communication.

A  corpus callosum.

B  hypothalamus.

C  cerebral sulci.

D  cerebral gyri.

A  pons.

B  cerebrum.

C  cerebellum.

D  hypothalamus.

A  astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

B  microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

C  ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

D  astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

A  microglia.

B  astrocytes.

C  arachnoid villi.

D  the median aperture.

A  septum pellucidum.

B  arachnoid villi.

C  choroid plexus.

D  arachnoid granulation.

A  CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

B  CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

C  CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

D  CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

A  central canal.

B  interventricular foramen.

C  septum pellucidum.

D  mesencephalic aqueduct

A  fourth

B  lateral 

C  median 

D  third 

A  Dura mater

B  Arachnoid

C  Pia mater 

D  Subdural layer

A  b, a, c

B  a, c, b

C  b, c, a

D  a, b, c

A  ectoderm.

B  endoderm.

C  mesoderm.

A  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

B  unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

C  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

D  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

A  myelinated regions.

B  neurofibril nodes.

A  myelinated, small

B  myelinated, large 

C  unmyelinated, small 

D  unmyelinated, large 

A  calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

B  calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

C  calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

D  calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

A  Absolute refractory period 

B  Relative refractory period 

A  open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

B  closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

C  closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

D  open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

A  potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

B  potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

C  potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

D  potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

A  action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

B  postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

C  excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

D  resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

A  EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

B  IPSP, which is a depolarization.

C  IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

D  EPSP, which is a depolarization.

A  chemically, axon

B  voltage-, axon 

C  chemically, dendrite 

D  voltage-, dendrite 

A  travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

B  varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

C  is all or none (always the same intensity).

D  lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

A  voltage-gated channels.

B  mechanically gated channels.

C  sodium-potassium pumps.

D  chemically gated channels.

A   the same.

B  more positive.

C  more negative.

D  0 mV.

A  directly related to both voltage and resistance.

B  directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

C  inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

D  indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

A  the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

B  the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

C  the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

D  the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

A  voltage-gated calcium channel.

B  voltage-gated potassium channel.

C  voltage-gated chloride channel.

D  voltage-gated sodium channel.

A   initial 

B   transmissive

C  conductive 

D  receptive 

A  endoneurium.

B  epineurium.

C  perineurium.

D  endosteum.

A  simple squamous epithelium.

B  areolar connective tissue.

C  dense irregular connective tissue.

D  dense regular connective tissue.

A  contains a single axon.

B  is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

C  carries information only toward the PNS.

D  is found only in the CNS.

A  astrocyte.

B  satellite cell.

C  neurolemmocyte.

D  ependymal cell.

A  oligodendrocyte.

B  ependymal cell.

C  microglial cell.

D  astrocyte.

A  Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

B  Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

C  Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

D  Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

A  the presynaptic neuron’s synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

B  the presynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

C  the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

D   the presynaptic neuron’s soma into synaptic vesicles.

A  some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

B  individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

C  chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

D  astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

A  motor neurons.

B  sensory neurons.

C  bipolar neurons.

D  interneurons.

A  At the ends of dendrites 

B  Along axon collaterals 

C  At the tips of telodendria 

D  Within the cell body 

A  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

B  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell’s target.

C  a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

D  a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

A   Involuntary control of the heart 

B  Conducts impulses from the CNS 

C  Transmits impulses from the viscera 

D  Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

A  conduct impulses to muscles.

B  collect information.

C  initiate responses to information.

D  process information.