Lecture Exam 3

A  cerebellum 

B  limbic system 

C  hypothalamus 

D  medulla oblongata 

A  Medulla oblongata

B  Cerebellum

C  Pons

D  Cerebrum 

A  blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

B  voluntary movement, frontal lobe

C  blood pressure, pons 

D  visual reflexes, pons 

A  Cerebral nuclei

B  Red nuclei 

C  Arcuate nuclei 

D  Substantia nigra 

A  thalamus.

B  epithalamus.

C  hypothalamus.

D  pons.

A  Pineal gland 

B  Habenular nucleus

C  Anterior nucleus 

D  Mammillary body

A  taste, frontal lobe

B  smell, parietal lobe

C  sound, cerebellum

D  taste, insula 

A  verbal communication.

B  hearing.

C  vision.

D  smell.

A  corpus callosum.

B  cerebral gyri.

C  hypothalamus.

D  cerebral sulci.

A  cerebrum.

B  hypothalamus.

C  cerebellum.

D  pons.

A  astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

B  astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

C  ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

D  microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

A  the median aperture.

B  microglia.

C  astrocytes.

D  arachnoid villi.

A  arachnoid granulation.

B  septum pellucidum.

C  arachnoid villi.

D  choroid plexus.

A  CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

B  CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

C  CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

D  CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

A  septum pellucidum.

B  mesencephalic aqueduct

C  interventricular foramen.

D  central canal.

A  median 

B  lateral 

C  fourth

D  third 

A  Pia mater 

B  Subdural layer

C  Arachnoid

D  Dura mater

A  a, b, c

B  a, c, b

C  b, a, c

D  b, c, a

A  mesoderm.

B  endoderm.

C  ectoderm.

A  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

B  unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

C  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

D  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

A  myelinated regions.

B  neurofibril nodes.

A  myelinated, small

B  unmyelinated, large 

C  unmyelinated, small 

D  myelinated, large 

A  calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

B  calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

C  calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

D  calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

A  Absolute refractory period 

B  Relative refractory period 

A  open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

B  closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

C  closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

D  open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

A  potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

B  potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

C  potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

D  potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

A  postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

B  action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

C  excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

D  resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

A  EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

B  EPSP, which is a depolarization.

C  IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

D  IPSP, which is a depolarization.

A  chemically, dendrite 

B  voltage-, axon 

C  chemically, axon

D  voltage-, dendrite 

A  lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

B  is all or none (always the same intensity).

C  travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

D  varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

A  mechanically gated channels.

B  chemically gated channels.

C  sodium-potassium pumps.

D  voltage-gated channels.

A  more positive.

B   the same.

C  0 mV.

D  more negative.

A  directly related to both voltage and resistance.

B  inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

C  indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

D  directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

A  the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

B  the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

C  the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

D  the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

A  voltage-gated chloride channel.

B  voltage-gated potassium channel.

C  voltage-gated calcium channel.

D  voltage-gated sodium channel.

A  conductive 

B   transmissive

C  receptive 

D   initial 

A  epineurium.

B  endoneurium.

C  endosteum.

D  perineurium.

A  simple squamous epithelium.

B  dense irregular connective tissue.

C  areolar connective tissue.

D  dense regular connective tissue.

A  is found only in the CNS.

B  contains a single axon.

C  is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

D  carries information only toward the PNS.

A  astrocyte.

B  ependymal cell.

C  neurolemmocyte.

D  satellite cell.

A  microglial cell.

B  astrocyte.

C  oligodendrocyte.

D  ependymal cell.

A  Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

B  Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

C  Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

D  Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

A  the presynaptic neuron’s synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

B  the presynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

C   the presynaptic neuron’s soma into synaptic vesicles.

D  the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

A  some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

B  individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

C  astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

D  chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

A  interneurons.

B  sensory neurons.

C  motor neurons.

D  bipolar neurons.

A  Within the cell body 

B  At the ends of dendrites 

C  At the tips of telodendria 

D  Along axon collaterals 

A  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell’s target.

B  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

C  a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

D  a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

A  Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

B  Transmits impulses from the viscera 

C   Involuntary control of the heart 

D  Conducts impulses from the CNS 

A  collect information.

B  process information.

C  initiate responses to information.

D  conduct impulses to muscles.