Lecture Exam 3

A  nerve cell

B  axon

C  organelle in nerve cells

D  bundle of macromolecules in nerve cells

E  organ

A  D, B, E, A, C

B  B, C, D, E, A

C  B, D, C, A, E

D  D, B, C, E, A

A  At least half the length of the fiber intact

B  The neurosoma and at least some neurilemma intact

C  At least part of the neurosoma intact

D  All dendrites intact

E  At least the entire axon and neurilemma intact

A  A resting membrane potential is established

B  A local potential develops

C  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

D  Threshold is reached

E  Repolarization of the membrane

A  reaching the threshold

B  hyperpolarizing

C  exiting the threshold

D  depolarizing

E  repolarizing

A  Oligodendrocytes

B  Satellite cells

C  Ependymal cells

D  Schwann cells

E  Nodes of Ranvier

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Secretion

B  Conductivity

C  Permeability

D  Excitablity

A  calcium and sodium; IPSP

B  potassium; EPSP

C  calcium; IPSP

D  sodium; IPSP

E  chloride; IPSP

A  Threshold is reached

B  The resting membrane potential is reinstated

C  Hypopolarization of the membrane

D  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

E  Depolarization of the membrane

A  Somatic sensory division

B  Visceral motor division

C  Visceral sensory division

D  Central nervous system

E  Somatic motor division

A  Diffusion of ions along the axoplasm is faster.

B  There are no internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

C  There are more internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

D  Facilitated diffusion of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

E  Active transport of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

A  somatic motor

B  visceral motor

C  visceral sensory

D  somatic sensory

E  afferent

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The RMP would be unaffected.

B  It would hyperpolarize.

C  It would become more negative.

D  It would become more positive.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  By diffusion

B  Via cytoplasmic streaming

C  Along microtubules

D  Through co-transport

A  glycoproteins

B  polysaccharides

C  lipids

D  carbohydrates

E  proteins

A  Neutralization of the plasma membrane

B  Repolarization of the plasma membrane

C  Depolarization of the plasma membrane

D  Drifting of the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential

E  Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane

A  somatic motor

B  parasympathetic

C  motor afferent

D  sensory afferent

E  sympathetic

A  The neurosoma

B  The dendrites

C  The Schwann cell

D  The axon hillock

E  The axon

A  Potassium ions are leaving the cell

B  Sodium ions are entering the cells

C  Potassium ions are entering the cell

D  Both sodium and potassium ions are leaving the cell

E  Sodium ions are leaving the cell

A  A voltage change from 0 mV to +0.35 mV

B  A voltage change from -69.5 mV to -70 mV

C  A voltage change from +35 mV to 0 mV

D  A voltage change from -70 mV to -69.5 mV

E  A voltage change from -70 mV to -70.5 mV

A  Down the entire length of an unmyelinated fiber

B  From node to node in myelinated fibers

C  Down the entire length of a myelinated fiber

D  From node to node in unmyelinated fibers

A  The axons

B  The neurosomas

C  The axon terminals

D  The axon collaterals

E  The dendrites

A  cells

B  organs

C  organelles

D  tissues

E  organ systems

A  they are released into the bloodstream before reaching the postsynaptic cell

B  they alter the physiology of the postsynaptic cell

C  they bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell

D  they are synthesized by a presynaptic neuron

E  they are released in response to stimulation

A  potassium gates are fully open

B  chloride gates are partially open

C  sodium gates are fully open

D  chloride gates are fully open

E  sodium gates are partially open

A  temporal summation

B  spatial summation

C  recruitment

D  neural summation

E  neuronal coding

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  An oligodendrocyte cells wraps its plasma membrane around each fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

B  Satellite cells cluster around each axon to form a pseudo-myelin sheath.

C  A Schwann cell folds its plasma membrane around several fibers .

D  A Schwann cells wraps its plasma membrane around each individual fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

A  Enzymes in the postsynaptic cell break down some neurotransmitters.

B  Neurotransmitter escapes from the synapse into the nearby extracellular fluid.

C  Neurotransmitters are no longer released.

D  The axon terminal reabsorbs some neurotransmitters by endocytosis.

E  Synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter by exocytosis.

A  The nervous system releases hormones into the blood, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters between cells.

B  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into the blood, while the endocrine system releases hormones between cells.

C  The nervous system releases hormones between cells, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the blood.

D  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters between cells, while the endocrine system releases hormones into the blood.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

B  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → smooth muscle

C  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

D  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → skeletal muscle

A  chemoreceptors

B  visceral receptors

C  pain receptors

D  proprioceptors

E  nociceptors

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  posterior column

B  posterior horn

C  anterior column

D  anterior horn

E  posterior root ganglion

A  posterior root of a spinal nerve

B  anterior horn

C  anterior root of a spinal nerve

D  spinal nerve

E  posterior horn

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  tendon

B  stretch

C  painful

D  crossed extension

E  flexor (withdrawal)

A  Taste

B  Hearing

C  Touch

D  Vision

E  Smell

A  35

B  62

C  24

D  12

E  31

A  A fracture of vertebra T12

B  A fracture of vertebra C6

C  A fracture of vertebra T5

D  A fracture of vertebra C2

E  A fracture of vertebra L4

A  nerve; axons

B  nerve; neurosomas

C  nerve fiber; nerves

D  nerve fiber; axons

E  nerve fiber; neurosomas

A  Reflexes are not voluntary.

B  Reflex responses are very predictable.

C  Reflexes are responses to sensory inputs.

D  Reflexes are quick responses of the nervous system.

E  Reflexes do not require a stimulus.