Lecture Exam 3

A  nerve cell

B  axon

C  organ

D  organelle in nerve cells

E  bundle of macromolecules in nerve cells

A  B, C, D, E, A

B  B, D, C, A, E

C  D, B, C, E, A

D  D, B, E, A, C

A  At least the entire axon and neurilemma intact

B  All dendrites intact

C  The neurosoma and at least some neurilemma intact

D  At least part of the neurosoma intact

E  At least half the length of the fiber intact

A  Repolarization of the membrane

B  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

C  A local potential develops

D  A resting membrane potential is established

E  Threshold is reached

A  depolarizing

B  reaching the threshold

C  hyperpolarizing

D  exiting the threshold

E  repolarizing

A  Ependymal cells

B  Nodes of Ranvier

C  Oligodendrocytes

D  Satellite cells

E  Schwann cells

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Excitablity

B  Permeability

C  Conductivity

D  Secretion

A  chloride; IPSP

B  calcium and sodium; IPSP

C  potassium; EPSP

D  calcium; IPSP

E  sodium; IPSP

A  Hypopolarization of the membrane

B  The resting membrane potential is reinstated

C  Threshold is reached

D  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

E  Depolarization of the membrane

A  Visceral motor division

B  Somatic sensory division

C  Central nervous system

D  Visceral sensory division

E  Somatic motor division

A  There are more internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

B  Active transport of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

C  Diffusion of ions along the axoplasm is faster.

D  There are no internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

E  Facilitated diffusion of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

A  visceral sensory

B  visceral motor

C  somatic sensory

D  somatic motor

E  afferent

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The RMP would be unaffected.

B  It would become more negative.

C  It would hyperpolarize.

D  It would become more positive.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  By diffusion

B  Through co-transport

C  Via cytoplasmic streaming

D  Along microtubules

A  polysaccharides

B  carbohydrates

C  proteins

D  lipids

E  glycoproteins

A  Repolarization of the plasma membrane

B  Drifting of the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential

C  Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane

D  Neutralization of the plasma membrane

E  Depolarization of the plasma membrane

A  sympathetic

B  somatic motor

C  parasympathetic

D  sensory afferent

E  motor afferent

A  The dendrites

B  The Schwann cell

C  The neurosoma

D  The axon hillock

E  The axon

A  Sodium ions are leaving the cell

B  Potassium ions are leaving the cell

C  Potassium ions are entering the cell

D  Sodium ions are entering the cells

E  Both sodium and potassium ions are leaving the cell

A  A voltage change from 0 mV to +0.35 mV

B  A voltage change from -70 mV to -69.5 mV

C  A voltage change from +35 mV to 0 mV

D  A voltage change from -70 mV to -70.5 mV

E  A voltage change from -69.5 mV to -70 mV

A  From node to node in unmyelinated fibers

B  Down the entire length of a myelinated fiber

C  Down the entire length of an unmyelinated fiber

D  From node to node in myelinated fibers

A  The neurosomas

B  The dendrites

C  The axon collaterals

D  The axons

E  The axon terminals

A  organs

B  tissues

C  organelles

D  organ systems

E  cells

A  they alter the physiology of the postsynaptic cell

B  they are synthesized by a presynaptic neuron

C  they are released into the bloodstream before reaching the postsynaptic cell

D  they are released in response to stimulation

E  they bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell

A  potassium gates are fully open

B  sodium gates are fully open

C  sodium gates are partially open

D  chloride gates are fully open

E  chloride gates are partially open

A  spatial summation

B  neuronal coding

C  recruitment

D  neural summation

E  temporal summation

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A Schwann cell folds its plasma membrane around several fibers .

B  Satellite cells cluster around each axon to form a pseudo-myelin sheath.

C  An oligodendrocyte cells wraps its plasma membrane around each fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

D  A Schwann cells wraps its plasma membrane around each individual fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

A  Enzymes in the postsynaptic cell break down some neurotransmitters.

B  Synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter by exocytosis.

C  Neurotransmitters are no longer released.

D  Neurotransmitter escapes from the synapse into the nearby extracellular fluid.

E  The axon terminal reabsorbs some neurotransmitters by endocytosis.

A  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into the blood, while the endocrine system releases hormones between cells.

B  The nervous system releases hormones between cells, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the blood.

C  The nervous system releases hormones into the blood, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters between cells.

D  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters between cells, while the endocrine system releases hormones into the blood.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

B  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → skeletal muscle

C  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

D  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → smooth muscle

A  nociceptors

B  chemoreceptors

C  pain receptors

D  proprioceptors

E  visceral receptors

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  anterior horn

B  posterior root ganglion

C  posterior horn

D  anterior column

E  posterior column

A  anterior root of a spinal nerve

B  posterior horn

C  spinal nerve

D  posterior root of a spinal nerve

E  anterior horn

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  stretch

B  painful

C  tendon

D  crossed extension

E  flexor (withdrawal)

A  Vision

B  Taste

C  Smell

D  Touch

E  Hearing

A  12

B  24

C  62

D  35

E  31

A  A fracture of vertebra T12

B  A fracture of vertebra T5

C  A fracture of vertebra L4

D  A fracture of vertebra C2

E  A fracture of vertebra C6

A  nerve; axons

B  nerve fiber; neurosomas

C  nerve; neurosomas

D  nerve fiber; axons

E  nerve fiber; nerves

A  Reflexes are quick responses of the nervous system.

B  Reflexes do not require a stimulus.

C  Reflexes are not voluntary.

D  Reflex responses are very predictable.

E  Reflexes are responses to sensory inputs.