Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A saddle

B pivot

C hinge

D ball and socket

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A There are three structural categories of articulations.

B Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

C An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

D All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

E Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A ellipsoid

B biaxial

C gliding

D uniaxial

E multiaxial

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A sliding

B angular

C rotational

D eversion

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A hyperextension.

B hyperflexion.

C hypertrophy.

D dislocation.

E supination.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A extension; hyperextension

B abduction; adduction

C extension; flexion

D adduction; abduction

E flexion; extension

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A adduction.

B flexion.

C rotation.

D abduction.

E extension.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A saddle

B plane

C condyle

D hinge

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Pronation and adduction

B Supination and extension

C Protraction and rotation

D Eversion and abduction

E Depression and flexion

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A fibrocartilage.

B articular cartilage.

C dense regular connective tissue.

D areolar connective tissue.

E dense irregular connective tissue.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A Second sternocostal joint

B First costochondral joint

C Intervertebral joint

D Second costochondral joint

E First sternocostal joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Condylar

B Pivot

C Ball and socket

D Plane

E Saddle

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A protraction.

B abduction.

C pronation.

D eversion.

E supination.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A circumducting

B rotating

C elevating

D hyperextending

E flexing

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A fused.

B immobile.

C dislocated.

D slightly mobile.

E freely mobile.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A synostosis.

B suture.

C synarthrosis.

D syndesmosis.

E synchondrosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A fat pads.

B diarthroses.

C bursae.

D articular discs.

E menisci.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

B Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

C Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

D Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

E Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Distal humerus

B Os coxa

C Distal head of femur

D Phalanges

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Nutrient foramina

B Endosteum

C Epiphyseal line

D Yellow bone marrow

E Red bone marrow

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Mineral storage

B Protection

C Hemopoiesis

D Body movement

E Hormone synthesis

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Interstitial lamellae

B Canaliculi

C Concentric lamellae

D Circumferential lamellae

E Perforating canals

Question #25

Flat bones

A have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

B have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

C protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

D are, by definition, not at all curved.

E include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

B glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

C phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

D steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

E calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

B It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

C It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

D Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

E It is located deep to compact bone.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A bone marrow to spongy bone.

B yellow marrow to red marrow.

C red marrow to yellow marrow.

D spongy bone to compact bone.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

B It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

C It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

D It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

E It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A skin.

B liver.

C kidney.

D bone.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A All of the choices are correct.

B forms diploe in the cranial bones.

C contains no osteocytes.

D has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

E is composed of tubular units called osteons.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

B osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

C osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

D osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A increase.

B decrease.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A liver to produce somatomedin.

B thyroid to produce calcitriol.

C brain to produce serotonin.

D liver to produce calcitonin.

E parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Elastic fibers

B Collagen fibers

C Yellow bone marrow

D Inorganic salts

E Trabeculae

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Matrix of protein fibers

B Gel-like ground substance

C Avascular

D Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

E Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Estrogen and testosterone

B Parathyroid hormone

C Calcitonin

D Thyroid hormone

E Growth hormone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteocytes

B osteoid cells

C osteoblasts

D osteoprogenitor cells

E osteoclasts

Question #43

Compact bone

A is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B All of the choices are correct.

C is avascular.

D has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

E is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Bone-lining cells

B Osteoclasts

C Osteoblasts

D Osteocytes

E Osteoprogenitor cells

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A endochondral ossification.

B intramembranous ossification.

C orthodontia.

D bone remodeling.

E mesenchymal ossification.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Elastic cartilage

B Articular cartilage

C Hyaline cartilage

D Reticular cartilage

E Fibrocartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A hyaline cartilage

B mesenchyme

C membranous

D osteoid

E dense connective tissue

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Site of bone elongation and growth

B Provides flexibility for bending

C Supports soft tissues

D Forms articular surface

E Provides passageway for blood vessels

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A radius (of forearm).

B sternum (breast bone).

C trapezoid (of wrist).

D femur (of thigh).

E calcaneus (heel).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A low

B high

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