Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A saddle

B ball and socket

C pivot

D hinge

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

B An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

C Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

D There are three structural categories of articulations.

E Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A uniaxial

B multiaxial

C biaxial

D ellipsoid

E gliding

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A angular

B rotational

C eversion

D sliding

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A dislocation.

B hyperextension.

C hypertrophy.

D hyperflexion.

E supination.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A extension; hyperextension

B abduction; adduction

C adduction; abduction

D extension; flexion

E flexion; extension

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A adduction.

B flexion.

C extension.

D rotation.

E abduction.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A condyle

B hinge

C plane

D saddle

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Protraction and rotation

B Depression and flexion

C Supination and extension

D Eversion and abduction

E Pronation and adduction

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A fibrocartilage.

B areolar connective tissue.

C articular cartilage.

D dense irregular connective tissue.

E dense regular connective tissue.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A Second costochondral joint

B First sternocostal joint

C First costochondral joint

D Second sternocostal joint

E Intervertebral joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Plane

B Ball and socket

C Saddle

D Condylar

E Pivot

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A eversion.

B pronation.

C abduction.

D protraction.

E supination.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A hyperextending

B circumducting

C elevating

D rotating

E flexing

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A immobile.

B slightly mobile.

C dislocated.

D freely mobile.

E fused.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A synchondrosis.

B syndesmosis.

C synarthrosis.

D suture.

E synostosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A fat pads.

B menisci.

C articular discs.

D bursae.

E diarthroses.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

B Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

C Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

D Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

E Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Os coxa

B Distal head of femur

C Distal humerus

D Phalanges

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Endosteum

B Red bone marrow

C Yellow bone marrow

D Nutrient foramina

E Epiphyseal line

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Hemopoiesis

B Hormone synthesis

C Mineral storage

D Protection

E Body movement

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Perforating canals

B Circumferential lamellae

C Concentric lamellae

D Canaliculi

E Interstitial lamellae

Question #25

Flat bones

A have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

B have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

C are, by definition, not at all curved.

D protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

E include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

B steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

C glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

D phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

E calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It is located deep to compact bone.

B It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

C It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

D It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

E Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A spongy bone to compact bone.

B bone marrow to spongy bone.

C red marrow to yellow marrow.

D yellow marrow to red marrow.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

B It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

C It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

D It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

E It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A skin.

B liver.

C kidney.

D bone.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B contains no osteocytes.

C All of the choices are correct.

D forms diploe in the cranial bones.

E has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

B osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

C osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

D chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A increase.

B decrease.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A liver to produce calcitonin.

B parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

C thyroid to produce calcitriol.

D brain to produce serotonin.

E liver to produce somatomedin.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Yellow bone marrow

B Elastic fibers

C Trabeculae

D Collagen fibers

E Inorganic salts

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Gel-like ground substance

B Avascular

C Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

D Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

E Matrix of protein fibers

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Estrogen and testosterone

B Parathyroid hormone

C Calcitonin

D Thyroid hormone

E Growth hormone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoid cells

B osteoblasts

C osteoclasts

D osteocytes

E osteoprogenitor cells

Question #43

Compact bone

A is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B is avascular.

C has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

D All of the choices are correct.

E is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Bone-lining cells

B Osteoprogenitor cells

C Osteocytes

D Osteoblasts

E Osteoclasts

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A bone remodeling.

B intramembranous ossification.

C mesenchymal ossification.

D orthodontia.

E endochondral ossification.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Elastic cartilage

B Reticular cartilage

C Articular cartilage

D Fibrocartilage

E Hyaline cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A hyaline cartilage

B mesenchyme

C osteoid

D membranous

E dense connective tissue

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Provides passageway for blood vessels

B Supports soft tissues

C Provides flexibility for bending

D Site of bone elongation and growth

E Forms articular surface

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A sternum (breast bone).

B trapezoid (of wrist).

C radius (of forearm).

D femur (of thigh).

E calcaneus (heel).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A high

B low

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