Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A hinge

B saddle

C ball and socket

D pivot

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

B Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

C An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

D All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

E There are three structural categories of articulations.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A biaxial

B uniaxial

C gliding

D ellipsoid

E multiaxial

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A eversion

B sliding

C rotational

D angular

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A dislocation.

B supination.

C hyperflexion.

D hyperextension.

E hypertrophy.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A extension; hyperextension

B adduction; abduction

C abduction; adduction

D extension; flexion

E flexion; extension

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A extension.

B rotation.

C abduction.

D flexion.

E adduction.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A saddle

B hinge

C condyle

D plane

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Protraction and rotation

B Supination and extension

C Depression and flexion

D Pronation and adduction

E Eversion and abduction

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A articular cartilage.

B areolar connective tissue.

C fibrocartilage.

D dense regular connective tissue.

E dense irregular connective tissue.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A Second sternocostal joint

B Intervertebral joint

C First sternocostal joint

D First costochondral joint

E Second costochondral joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Plane

B Pivot

C Ball and socket

D Condylar

E Saddle

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A supination.

B eversion.

C protraction.

D abduction.

E pronation.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A flexing

B circumducting

C hyperextending

D rotating

E elevating

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A freely mobile.

B fused.

C slightly mobile.

D immobile.

E dislocated.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A suture.

B syndesmosis.

C synarthrosis.

D synostosis.

E synchondrosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A diarthroses.

B menisci.

C bursae.

D articular discs.

E fat pads.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

B Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

C Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

D Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

E Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Os coxa

B Phalanges

C Distal humerus

D Distal head of femur

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Endosteum

B Epiphyseal line

C Yellow bone marrow

D Red bone marrow

E Nutrient foramina

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Body movement

B Hemopoiesis

C Hormone synthesis

D Mineral storage

E Protection

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Interstitial lamellae

B Canaliculi

C Concentric lamellae

D Perforating canals

E Circumferential lamellae

Question #25

Flat bones

A include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

B are, by definition, not at all curved.

C protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

D have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

E have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

B glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

C calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

D steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

E calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

C It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

D It is located deep to compact bone.

E It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A bone marrow to spongy bone.

B red marrow to yellow marrow.

C spongy bone to compact bone.

D yellow marrow to red marrow.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

B It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

C It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

D It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

E It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A liver.

B bone.

C skin.

D kidney.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A forms diploe in the cranial bones.

B is composed of tubular units called osteons.

C contains no osteocytes.

D has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

B chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

C osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

D osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A increase.

B decrease.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A thyroid to produce calcitriol.

B parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

C liver to produce calcitonin.

D liver to produce somatomedin.

E brain to produce serotonin.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Collagen fibers

B Trabeculae

C Inorganic salts

D Elastic fibers

E Yellow bone marrow

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Gel-like ground substance

B Matrix of protein fibers

C Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

D Avascular

E Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Calcitonin

B Thyroid hormone

C Parathyroid hormone

D Growth hormone

E Estrogen and testosterone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoblasts

B osteoprogenitor cells

C osteoid cells

D osteocytes

E osteoclasts

Question #43

Compact bone

A is avascular.

B All of the choices are correct.

C is composed of tubular units called osteons.

D is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

E has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteoclasts

B Osteocytes

C Osteoprogenitor cells

D Bone-lining cells

E Osteoblasts

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A mesenchymal ossification.

B orthodontia.

C bone remodeling.

D intramembranous ossification.

E endochondral ossification.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Articular cartilage

B Reticular cartilage

C Fibrocartilage

D Elastic cartilage

E Hyaline cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A dense connective tissue

B membranous

C osteoid

D hyaline cartilage

E mesenchyme

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Forms articular surface

B Provides passageway for blood vessels

C Supports soft tissues

D Provides flexibility for bending

E Site of bone elongation and growth

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A sternum (breast bone).

B trapezoid (of wrist).

C calcaneus (heel).

D femur (of thigh).

E radius (of forearm).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A high

B low

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