Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A saddle

B pivot

C ball and socket

D hinge

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

B Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

C There are three structural categories of articulations.

D Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

E All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A biaxial

B gliding

C ellipsoid

D multiaxial

E uniaxial

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A angular

B eversion

C sliding

D rotational

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A supination.

B hypertrophy.

C hyperflexion.

D hyperextension.

E dislocation.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A adduction; abduction

B extension; hyperextension

C flexion; extension

D abduction; adduction

E extension; flexion

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A extension.

B abduction.

C flexion.

D rotation.

E adduction.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A hinge

B saddle

C condyle

D plane

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Eversion and abduction

B Protraction and rotation

C Depression and flexion

D Pronation and adduction

E Supination and extension

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A dense regular connective tissue.

B areolar connective tissue.

C fibrocartilage.

D articular cartilage.

E dense irregular connective tissue.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A First sternocostal joint

B Second costochondral joint

C First costochondral joint

D Intervertebral joint

E Second sternocostal joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Saddle

B Ball and socket

C Pivot

D Condylar

E Plane

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A eversion.

B protraction.

C abduction.

D supination.

E pronation.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A rotating

B circumducting

C hyperextending

D elevating

E flexing

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A dislocated.

B slightly mobile.

C immobile.

D freely mobile.

E fused.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A syndesmosis.

B synostosis.

C synarthrosis.

D suture.

E synchondrosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A bursae.

B fat pads.

C diarthroses.

D menisci.

E articular discs.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

B Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

C Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

D Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

E Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Phalanges

B Distal humerus

C Os coxa

D Distal head of femur

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Epiphyseal line

B Nutrient foramina

C Red bone marrow

D Endosteum

E Yellow bone marrow

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Body movement

B Hemopoiesis

C Protection

D Mineral storage

E Hormone synthesis

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Canaliculi

B Circumferential lamellae

C Interstitial lamellae

D Concentric lamellae

E Perforating canals

Question #25

Flat bones

A have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

B include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

C are, by definition, not at all curved.

D have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

E protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

B calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

C steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

D glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

E phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

B It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

C It is located deep to compact bone.

D It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

E It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A spongy bone to compact bone.

B red marrow to yellow marrow.

C bone marrow to spongy bone.

D yellow marrow to red marrow.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

B It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

C It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

D It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

E It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A kidney.

B bone.

C liver.

D skin.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A forms diploe in the cranial bones.

B is composed of tubular units called osteons.

C contains no osteocytes.

D has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

B osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

C chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

D osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A decrease.

B increase.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

B thyroid to produce calcitriol.

C liver to produce somatomedin.

D liver to produce calcitonin.

E brain to produce serotonin.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Inorganic salts

B Yellow bone marrow

C Collagen fibers

D Trabeculae

E Elastic fibers

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Matrix of protein fibers

B Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

C Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

D Avascular

E Gel-like ground substance

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Growth hormone

B Estrogen and testosterone

C Calcitonin

D Thyroid hormone

E Parathyroid hormone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoblasts

B osteoid cells

C osteocytes

D osteoprogenitor cells

E osteoclasts

Question #43

Compact bone

A All of the choices are correct.

B is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

C is avascular.

D has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

E is composed of tubular units called osteons.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteoclasts

B Bone-lining cells

C Osteocytes

D Osteoprogenitor cells

E Osteoblasts

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A intramembranous ossification.

B endochondral ossification.

C orthodontia.

D mesenchymal ossification.

E bone remodeling.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Reticular cartilage

B Elastic cartilage

C Hyaline cartilage

D Fibrocartilage

E Articular cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A mesenchyme

B membranous

C osteoid

D dense connective tissue

E hyaline cartilage

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Supports soft tissues

B Provides flexibility for bending

C Provides passageway for blood vessels

D Site of bone elongation and growth

E Forms articular surface

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A femur (of thigh).

B sternum (breast bone).

C calcaneus (heel).

D trapezoid (of wrist).

E radius (of forearm).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A low

B high

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