Lecture Exam 1(C)

A  Mitochondria

B  Ribosomes

C  Peroxisomes

D  Lysosomes

E  Endosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Golgi apparatus.

B  plasma membrane.

C  mitochondria.

D  endoplasmic reticulum.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

C  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

E  are nonspecific.

A  It is covalent.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It has no net electrical charge.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

B  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

C  can be carbohydrate molecules.

D  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

E  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

A  400 mM urea

B  100 mM NaCl

C  200 mM NaCl

D  300 mM glucose

E  100 mM MgCl 2

A  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

B  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

C  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

D  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

E  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

A  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

B  Secondary active transport

C  Facilitated diffusion

D  Primary active transport

E  Simple diffusion

A  occurs in the cytoplasm.

B  produces an RNA transcript

C  is called transcription of the message.

D  requires DNA polymerase.

E  requires an RNA polymerase

F  is called translation of the message.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  bipolar.

B  hydrophobic.

C  hydrophilic.

D  amphipathic.

E  unipolar.

A  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

B  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

C  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

D  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

E  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is an amphipathic molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  The number of bonds it can form

B  The ratio of protons to electrons

C  The number of protons

D  The number of electrons

E  The number of neutrons

A  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

B  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

C  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

D  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

E  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

E  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Ionic forms of mineral elements

B  Vitamins

C  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

D  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

E  Sugars that were broken down for energy

A  Charged particles

B  Glucose

C  Water

D  Solutes

E  Lipid molecules

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  Increase blood glucose level

A  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

B  Golgi apparatus

C  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D  Lysosome

E  Mitochondrion

A  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

B  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

C  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

D  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

E  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  glycogen.

B  starch.

C  cellulose.

D  triacylglycerol.

E  protein.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

B  Pinocytosis

C  Exocytosis

D  Primary active transport

E  Secondary active transport

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Quaternary

B  Primary

C  Secondary

D  Tertiary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Krebs cycle

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Oxidative phosphorylation

D  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

E  Glycolysis

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Generation of ATP

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

E  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

D  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

A  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

B  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

C  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

D  It is expressed only on select cell types

E  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

A  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

B  take place only when no oxygen is present.

C  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

D  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

E  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

A  It will swell in size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will stay the same size.

D  It will shrink in size.

A  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

B  By increasing the temperature of a solution

C  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

D  By decreasing the energy of activation

E  By phosphorylating a reactant

A  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

B  Hydrosmosis

C  Active transport

D  Pinocytosis

E  Phagocytosis

A  Hydrogen bonds

B  Van der Waals forces

C  Ionic bonds

D  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

E  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

A  Breaking down carbohydrates

B  Synthesizing lipids

C  Dividing by mitosis

D  Making ATP

E  Manufacturing ribosomes

A  diffusion through a channel.

B  active transport.

C  diffusion using a pump.

D  simple diffusion.

A  monopeptide

B  polypeptide

C  dipeptide

D  peptide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Accommodation

B  Acclimatization

C  Inhibition

D  Saturation

E  Specificity

A  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

B  They have different numbers of neutrons.

C  They have different number of energy shells

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They have different numbers of electrons.

A  4

B  8

C  1

D  6

E  2

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It includes actin filaments.

C  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

D  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

E  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

A  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

B  Storing calcium ions

C  Providing genetic information

D  Generating ATP

E  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism