Lecture Exam 1(C)

A  Mitochondria

B  Lysosomes

C  Ribosomes

D  Peroxisomes

E  Endosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  endoplasmic reticulum.

B  plasma membrane.

C  mitochondria.

D  Golgi apparatus.

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

B  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

B  are nonspecific.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  may open in response to binding a ligand.

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

C  It is covalent.

D  It is ionized.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

B  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

C  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

D  can be carbohydrate molecules.

E  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

A  400 mM urea

B  200 mM NaCl

C  100 mM NaCl

D  100 mM MgCl 2

E  300 mM glucose

A  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

B  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

C  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

D  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

E  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

A  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

B  Facilitated diffusion

C  Simple diffusion

D  Secondary active transport

E  Primary active transport

A  is called transcription of the message.

B  occurs in the cytoplasm.

C  is called translation of the message.

D  requires an RNA polymerase

E  requires DNA polymerase.

F  produces an RNA transcript

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  unipolar.

B  amphipathic.

C  bipolar.

D  hydrophobic.

E  hydrophilic.

A  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

B  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

C  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

D  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

E  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  The number of bonds it can form

B  The number of protons

C  The number of neutrons

D  The number of electrons

E  The ratio of protons to electrons

A  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

B  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

C  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

B  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

E  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Ionic forms of mineral elements

B  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

C  Vitamins

D  Sugars that were broken down for energy

E  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

A  Glucose

B  Water

C  Charged particles

D  Solutes

E  Lipid molecules

A  Decrease blood glucose level

B  No effect on blood glucose level

C  Increase blood glucose level

A  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

B  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

C  Lysosome

D  Mitochondrion

E  Golgi apparatus

A  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

D  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

E  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  starch.

B  triacylglycerol.

C  cellulose.

D  glycogen.

E  protein.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Primary active transport

B  Pinocytosis

C  Exocytosis

D  Secondary active transport

E  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Tertiary

B  Secondary

C  Quaternary

D  Primary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  Glycolysis

C  Krebs cycle

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Generation of ATP

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

E  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

A  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

A  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

B  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

C  It is expressed only on select cell types

D  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

E  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

A  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

B  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

C  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

D  take place only when no oxygen is present.

E  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

A  It will stay the same size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will shrink in size.

D  It will swell in size.

A  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

B  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

C  By increasing the temperature of a solution

D  By decreasing the energy of activation

E  By phosphorylating a reactant

A  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

B  Pinocytosis

C  Hydrosmosis

D  Phagocytosis

E  Active transport

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Ionic bonds

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Van der Waals forces

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  Dividing by mitosis

B  Making ATP

C  Synthesizing lipids

D  Manufacturing ribosomes

E  Breaking down carbohydrates

A  diffusion through a channel.

B  active transport.

C  diffusion using a pump.

D  simple diffusion.

A  monopeptide

B  polypeptide

C  dipeptide

D  peptide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Saturation

B  Specificity

C  Acclimatization

D  Accommodation

E  Inhibition

A  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

B  They have different numbers of neutrons.

C  They have different numbers of protons.

D  They have different number of energy shells

E  They have different numbers of electrons.

A  8

B  4

C  2

D  6

E  1

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

B  It includes actin filaments.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It is important for cellular movement.

E  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

A  Generating ATP

B  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

C  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

D  Storing calcium ions

E  Providing genetic information