Lecture Exam 1(C)

A  Ribosomes

B  Lysosomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Peroxisomes

E  Endosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  plasma membrane.

B  endoplasmic reticulum.

C  Golgi apparatus.

D  mitochondria.

A  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  are nonspecific.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It is covalent.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

B  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

C  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

D  can be carbohydrate molecules.

E  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

A  200 mM NaCl

B  100 mM NaCl

C  400 mM urea

D  100 mM MgCl 2

E  300 mM glucose

A  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

B  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

C  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

D  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

E  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

A  Simple diffusion

B  Secondary active transport

C  Primary active transport

D  Facilitated diffusion

E  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

A  requires an RNA polymerase

B  is called translation of the message.

C  requires DNA polymerase.

D  occurs in the cytoplasm.

E  is called transcription of the message.

F  produces an RNA transcript

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  unipolar.

B  amphipathic.

C  hydrophobic.

D  hydrophilic.

E  bipolar.

A  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

B  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

C  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

D  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

E  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is an amphipathic molecule.

A  The ratio of protons to electrons

B  The number of protons

C  The number of electrons

D  The number of bonds it can form

E  The number of neutrons

A  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

B  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

C  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

D  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

B  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

E  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

B  Vitamins

C  Sugars that were broken down for energy

D  Ionic forms of mineral elements

E  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

A  Water

B  Lipid molecules

C  Glucose

D  Charged particles

E  Solutes

A  Decrease blood glucose level

B  No effect on blood glucose level

C  Increase blood glucose level

A  Golgi apparatus

B  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

C  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D  Lysosome

E  Mitochondrion

A  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

B  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

C  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

D  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

E  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  glycogen.

B  protein.

C  triacylglycerol.

D  starch.

E  cellulose.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Pinocytosis

B  Secondary active transport

C  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

D  Exocytosis

E  Primary active transport

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Quaternary

B  Primary

C  Secondary

D  Tertiary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Krebs cycle

B  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  Glycolysis

E  Oxidative phosphorylation

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Generation of ATP

E  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

B  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

A  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

B  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

C  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

D  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

E  It is expressed only on select cell types

A  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

B  take place only when no oxygen is present.

C  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

D  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

E  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

A  It will swell in size.

B  It will shrink in size.

C  It will stay the same size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  By increasing the temperature of a solution

B  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

C  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

D  By decreasing the energy of activation

E  By phosphorylating a reactant

A  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

B  Active transport

C  Phagocytosis

D  Hydrosmosis

E  Pinocytosis

A  Ionic bonds

B  Van der Waals forces

C  Hydrogen bonds

D  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

E  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

A  Making ATP

B  Synthesizing lipids

C  Breaking down carbohydrates

D  Manufacturing ribosomes

E  Dividing by mitosis

A  diffusion through a channel.

B  active transport.

C  diffusion using a pump.

D  simple diffusion.

A  dipeptide

B  polypeptide

C  peptide

D  monopeptide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Inhibition

B  Acclimatization

C  Accommodation

D  Specificity

E  Saturation

A  They have different numbers of electrons.

B  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

C  They have different number of energy shells

D  They have different numbers of neutrons.

E  They have different numbers of protons.

A  6

B  1

C  4

D  8

E  2

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It includes actin filaments.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

E  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

A  Providing genetic information

B  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

E  Generating ATP