Lecture Exam 1(C)

A  Ribosomes

B  Lysosomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Peroxisomes

E  Endosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Golgi apparatus.

B  endoplasmic reticulum.

C  mitochondria.

D  plasma membrane.

A  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  are nonspecific.

C  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It is covalent.

C  It is ionized.

D  It has no net electrical charge.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

B  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

C  can be carbohydrate molecules.

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

A  400 mM urea

B  100 mM MgCl 2

C  100 mM NaCl

D  200 mM NaCl

E  300 mM glucose

A  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

B  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

C  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

D  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

E  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

A  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

B  Facilitated diffusion

C  Simple diffusion

D  Primary active transport

E  Secondary active transport

A  is called transcription of the message.

B  is called translation of the message.

C  requires an RNA polymerase

D  requires DNA polymerase.

E  produces an RNA transcript

F  occurs in the cytoplasm.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  amphipathic.

B  hydrophobic.

C  unipolar.

D  hydrophilic.

E  bipolar.

A  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

D  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

E  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  The number of bonds it can form

B  The number of neutrons

C  The ratio of protons to electrons

D  The number of protons

E  The number of electrons

A  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

B  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

C  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

D  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

E  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

E  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Sugars that were broken down for energy

B  Vitamins

C  Ionic forms of mineral elements

D  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

E  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

A  Glucose

B  Charged particles

C  Solutes

D  Water

E  Lipid molecules

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  No effect on blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  Lysosome

B  Golgi apparatus

C  Mitochondrion

D  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

E  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

B  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

C  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

D  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

E  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  cellulose.

B  triacylglycerol.

C  starch.

D  glycogen.

E  protein.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Secondary active transport

B  Exocytosis

C  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

D  Primary active transport

E  Pinocytosis

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Primary

B  Secondary

C  Quaternary

D  Tertiary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Krebs cycle

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Oxidative phosphorylation

D  Glycolysis

E  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Transcription of DNA into RNA

B  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

D  Generation of ATP

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

C  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

A  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

B  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

C  It is expressed only on select cell types

D  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

E  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

A  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

B  take place only when no oxygen is present.

C  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

D  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

E  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

A  It will swell in size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will stay the same size.

D  It will shrink in size.

A  By decreasing the energy of activation

B  By increasing the temperature of a solution

C  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

D  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

E  By phosphorylating a reactant

A  Hydrosmosis

B  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

C  Pinocytosis

D  Active transport

E  Phagocytosis

A  Van der Waals forces

B  Hydrogen bonds

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Ionic bonds

E  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

A  Breaking down carbohydrates

B  Manufacturing ribosomes

C  Dividing by mitosis

D  Making ATP

E  Synthesizing lipids

A  active transport.

B  diffusion using a pump.

C  diffusion through a channel.

D  simple diffusion.

A  polypeptide

B  dipeptide

C  peptide

D  monopeptide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Acclimatization

B  Specificity

C  Inhibition

D  Accommodation

E  Saturation

A  They have different numbers of neutrons.

B  They have different numbers of electrons.

C  They have different number of energy shells

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

A  8

B  1

C  4

D  6

E  2

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

C  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Generating ATP

B  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

C  Providing genetic information

D  Storing calcium ions

E  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell