Lecture Exam 1(C)

A  Ribosomes

B  Lysosomes

C  Endosomes

D  Peroxisomes

E  Mitochondria

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Golgi apparatus.

B  mitochondria.

C  endoplasmic reticulum.

D  plasma membrane.

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  are nonspecific.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It is covalent.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  can be carbohydrate molecules.

B  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

C  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

D  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

E  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

A  400 mM urea

B  200 mM NaCl

C  100 mM MgCl 2

D  100 mM NaCl

E  300 mM glucose

A  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

B  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

C  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

D  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

E  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

A  Secondary active transport

B  Simple diffusion

C  Facilitated diffusion

D  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

E  Primary active transport

A  occurs in the cytoplasm.

B  is called transcription of the message.

C  produces an RNA transcript

D  requires an RNA polymerase

E  requires DNA polymerase.

F  is called translation of the message.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  unipolar.

B  hydrophilic.

C  hydrophobic.

D  amphipathic.

E  bipolar.

A  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

B  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

E  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  The number of electrons

B  The number of neutrons

C  The ratio of protons to electrons

D  The number of protons

E  The number of bonds it can form

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

C  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

B  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

C  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

D  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

E  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

B  Vitamins

C  Sugars that were broken down for energy

D  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

E  Ionic forms of mineral elements

A  Charged particles

B  Lipid molecules

C  Solutes

D  Water

E  Glucose

A  Decrease blood glucose level

B  Increase blood glucose level

C  No effect on blood glucose level

A  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

B  Golgi apparatus

C  Lysosome

D  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

E  Mitochondrion

A  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

B  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

C  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

D  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

E  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  starch.

B  triacylglycerol.

C  cellulose.

D  protein.

E  glycogen.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

B  Exocytosis

C  Primary active transport

D  Secondary active transport

E  Pinocytosis

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Primary

B  Tertiary

C  Quaternary

D  Secondary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  Krebs cycle

C  Glycolysis

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Transcription of DNA into RNA

B  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

D  Generation of ATP

E  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

A  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

B  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

C  It is expressed only on select cell types

D  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

E  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

A  take place only when no oxygen is present.

B  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

C  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

D  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

E  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

A  It will stay the same size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will shrink in size.

D  It will swell in size.

A  By decreasing the energy of activation

B  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

C  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

D  By increasing the temperature of a solution

E  By phosphorylating a reactant

A  Phagocytosis

B  Hydrosmosis

C  Pinocytosis

D  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

E  Active transport

A  Ionic bonds

B  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Hydrogen bonds

E  Van der Waals forces

A  Making ATP

B  Dividing by mitosis

C  Manufacturing ribosomes

D  Breaking down carbohydrates

E  Synthesizing lipids

A  active transport.

B  simple diffusion.

C  diffusion using a pump.

D  diffusion through a channel.

A  dipeptide

B  polypeptide

C  monopeptide

D  peptide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Accommodation

B  Saturation

C  Specificity

D  Inhibition

E  Acclimatization

A  They have different numbers of protons.

B  They have different numbers of neutrons.

C  They have different numbers of electrons.

D  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

E  They have different number of energy shells

A  6

B  2

C  1

D  4

E  8

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

A  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

B  It is important for cellular movement.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It includes actin filaments.

E  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

A  Storing calcium ions

B  Providing genetic information

C  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

D  Generating ATP

E  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism