Lecture Exam 1(C)

A  Lysosomes

B  Endosomes

C  Peroxisomes

D  Ribosomes

E  Mitochondria

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  mitochondria.

B  plasma membrane.

C  Golgi apparatus.

D  endoplasmic reticulum.

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

E  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

C  may open in response to binding a ligand.

D  are nonspecific.

E  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

A  It is covalent.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

B  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

C  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

D  can be carbohydrate molecules.

E  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

A  400 mM urea

B  100 mM MgCl 2

C  200 mM NaCl

D  300 mM glucose

E  100 mM NaCl

A  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

B  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

C  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

D  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

E  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

A  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

B  Facilitated diffusion

C  Simple diffusion

D  Secondary active transport

E  Primary active transport

A  produces an RNA transcript

B  occurs in the cytoplasm.

C  is called transcription of the message.

D  is called translation of the message.

E  requires an RNA polymerase

F  requires DNA polymerase.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  hydrophilic.

B  unipolar.

C  hydrophobic.

D  bipolar.

E  amphipathic.

A  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

B  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

C  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

D  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

E  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  The number of protons

B  The number of neutrons

C  The ratio of protons to electrons

D  The number of electrons

E  The number of bonds it can form

A  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

B  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

C  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

B  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

C  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

D  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

E  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Sugars that were broken down for energy

B  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

C  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

D  Ionic forms of mineral elements

E  Vitamins

A  Lipid molecules

B  Solutes

C  Glucose

D  Water

E  Charged particles

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  No effect on blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

B  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

C  Mitochondrion

D  Lysosome

E  Golgi apparatus

A  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

B  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

C  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

D  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

E  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  protein.

B  starch.

C  triacylglycerol.

D  glycogen.

E  cellulose.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Pinocytosis

B  Primary active transport

C  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

D  Secondary active transport

E  Exocytosis

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Secondary

B  Primary

C  Quaternary

D  Tertiary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Glycolysis

B  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

C  Oxidative phosphorylation

D  Krebs cycle

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

C  Generation of ATP

D  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Transcription of DNA into RNA

A  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

A  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

B  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

C  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

D  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

E  It is expressed only on select cell types

A  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

B  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

C  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

D  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

E  take place only when no oxygen is present.

A  It will shrink in size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will swell in size.

D  It will stay the same size.

A  By increasing the temperature of a solution

B  By phosphorylating a reactant

C  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

D  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

E  By decreasing the energy of activation

A  Hydrosmosis

B  Active transport

C  Phagocytosis

D  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

E  Pinocytosis

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Hydrogen bonds

C  Van der Waals forces

D  Ionic bonds

E  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

A  Breaking down carbohydrates

B  Making ATP

C  Manufacturing ribosomes

D  Synthesizing lipids

E  Dividing by mitosis

A  active transport.

B  simple diffusion.

C  diffusion using a pump.

D  diffusion through a channel.

A  dipeptide

B  peptide

C  monopeptide

D  polypeptide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Acclimatization

B  Inhibition

C  Accommodation

D  Saturation

E  Specificity

A  They have different number of energy shells

B  They have different numbers of electrons.

C  They have different numbers of protons.

D  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

E  They have different numbers of neutrons.

A  4

B  1

C  2

D  6

E  8

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

B  It is important for cellular movement.

C  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

D  It includes actin filaments.

E  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

A  Storing calcium ions

B  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

C  Generating ATP

D  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

E  Providing genetic information