Lecture Exam 1(B)

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

D  are nonspecific.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Hydrogen bonds

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Van der Waals forces

E  Ionic bonds

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  4

B  8

C  1

D  2

E  6

A  simple diffusion.

B  diffusion using a pump.

C  diffusion through a channel.

D  active transport.

A  Cholesterol

B  Monosaccharides

C  Nucleotides

D  Amino acids

E  Phospholipids

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

D  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

E  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

A  mitochondria

B  endosomes

C  lysosomes

D  ribosomes

E  peroxisomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  monounsaturated fat

B  polyunsaturated fat

C  unsaturated fat

D  saturated fat

A  Saturation

B  Specificity

C  Accommodation

D  Acclimatization

E  Inhibition

A  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose.

B  It does not occur in the absence of O2.

C  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

D  It does not occur in the presence of O 2.

E  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  saccharide

B  disaccharide

C  monosaccharide

D  polysaccharide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  300 mM glucose

B  400 mM urea

C  100 mM NaCl

D  100 mM MgCl 2

E  200 mM NaCl

A  Ion

B  Polar

C  Molecule

D  Atom

E  Lipophilic

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  monopeptide

B  polypeptide

C  peptide

D  dipeptide

A  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X will diffuse faster.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It includes actin filaments.

E  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

A  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

B  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

C  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

D  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

E  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is expressed only on select cell types

B  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

C  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

D  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

E  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

A  A free radical

B  A cation

C  A new element

D  A covalent molecule

E  An anion

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

B  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

A  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

B  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

C  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

D  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

E  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  Glycolysis

C  Krebs cycle

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

A  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

B  Storing calcium ions

C  Providing genetic information

D  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

E  Generating ATP

A  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

B  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

C  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  hydrophobic.

B  amphipathic.

C  bipolar.

D  unipolar.

E  hydrophilic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

D  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

E  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

A  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

B  Secondary active transport

C  Simple diffusion

D  Facilitated diffusion

E  Primary active transport

A  It is covalent.

B  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

C  It is ionized.

D  It has no net electrical charge.

A  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

B  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

C  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

D  can be carbohydrate molecules.

E  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  protein.

B  cellulose.

C  starch.

D  glycogen.

E  triacylglycerol.

A  take place only when no oxygen is present.

B  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

C  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

D  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

E  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

A  The number of neutrons

B  The number of bonds it can form

C  The number of electrons

D  The number of protons

E  The ratio of protons to electrons

A  a protein.

B  used by cells for the storage of energy.

C  formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.

D  used to transfer energy within a cell.

E  a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

E  Generation of ATP

A  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

B  By decreasing the energy of activation

C  By increasing the temperature of a solution

D  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

E  By phosphorylating a reactant

A  It is an amphipathic molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Glucose

B  Charged particles

C  Lipid molecules

D  Solutes

E  Water

A  The result can’t be predicted

B  It will stay the same size.

C  It will swell in size.

D  It will shrink in size.

A  Secondary

B  Tertiary

C  Quaternary

D  Primary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  occurs in the cytoplasm.

B  requires DNA polymerase.

C  requires an RNA polymerase

D  is called transcription of the message.

E  is called translation of the message.

F  produces an RNA transcript