Lecture Exam 1(B)

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  are nonspecific.

C  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

A  Hydrogen bonds

B  Ionic bonds

C  Van der Waals forces

D  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

E  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  4

B  1

C  2

D  8

E  6

A  diffusion using a pump.

B  diffusion through a channel.

C  simple diffusion.

D  active transport.

A  Cholesterol

B  Nucleotides

C  Amino acids

D  Phospholipids

E  Monosaccharides

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

B  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

C  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

D  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

E  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

A  lysosomes

B  ribosomes

C  peroxisomes

D  mitochondria

E  endosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  polyunsaturated fat

B  monounsaturated fat

C  unsaturated fat

D  saturated fat

A  Accommodation

B  Inhibition

C  Acclimatization

D  Saturation

E  Specificity

A  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

B  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

C  It does not occur in the presence of O 2.

D  It does not occur in the absence of O2.

E  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  monosaccharide

B  disaccharide

C  saccharide

D  polysaccharide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  300 mM glucose

B  100 mM NaCl

C  200 mM NaCl

D  100 mM MgCl 2

E  400 mM urea

A  Polar

B  Lipophilic

C  Atom

D  Ion

E  Molecule

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  monopeptide

B  polypeptide

C  dipeptide

D  peptide

A  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X will diffuse faster.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

B  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

C  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

D  It is important for cellular movement.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

B  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

C  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

D  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

E  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

B  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

C  It is expressed only on select cell types

D  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

E  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

A  An anion

B  A cation

C  A free radical

D  A new element

E  A covalent molecule

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

A  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

B  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

C  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

D  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

E  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Oxidative phosphorylation

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Krebs cycle

D  Glycolysis

E  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

A  Providing genetic information

B  Storing calcium ions

C  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

D  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

E  Generating ATP

A  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

B  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

C  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  hydrophilic.

B  hydrophobic.

C  amphipathic.

D  unipolar.

E  bipolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

E  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

A  Secondary active transport

B  Simple diffusion

C  Facilitated diffusion

D  Primary active transport

E  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

A  It is ionized.

B  It is covalent.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

A  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

B  can be carbohydrate molecules.

C  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  cellulose.

B  starch.

C  triacylglycerol.

D  glycogen.

E  protein.

A  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

B  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

C  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

D  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

E  take place only when no oxygen is present.

A  The number of protons

B  The number of bonds it can form

C  The number of neutrons

D  The ratio of protons to electrons

E  The number of electrons

A  a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.

B  used by cells for the storage of energy.

C  formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.

D  used to transfer energy within a cell.

E  a protein.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

C  Generation of ATP

D  Transcription of DNA into RNA

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

A  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

B  By phosphorylating a reactant

C  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

D  By increasing the temperature of a solution

E  By decreasing the energy of activation

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is an amphipathic molecule.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Glucose

B  Charged particles

C  Water

D  Lipid molecules

E  Solutes

A  It will swell in size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will stay the same size.

D  It will shrink in size.

A  Quaternary

B  Primary

C  Secondary

D  Tertiary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  occurs in the cytoplasm.

B  is called translation of the message.

C  produces an RNA transcript

D  is called transcription of the message.

E  requires DNA polymerase.

F  requires an RNA polymerase