Lecture Exam 1(B)

A  are nonspecific.

B  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

A  Van der Waals forces

B  Ionic bonds

C  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

D  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  8

B  2

C  1

D  4

E  6

A  active transport.

B  diffusion using a pump.

C  simple diffusion.

D  diffusion through a channel.

A  Cholesterol

B  Monosaccharides

C  Phospholipids

D  Amino acids

E  Nucleotides

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

B  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

C  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

D  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

E  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

A  ribosomes

B  peroxisomes

C  lysosomes

D  endosomes

E  mitochondria

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  saturated fat

B  polyunsaturated fat

C  unsaturated fat

D  monounsaturated fat

A  Saturation

B  Inhibition

C  Accommodation

D  Specificity

E  Acclimatization

A  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose.

B  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

C  It does not occur in the presence of O 2.

D  It does not occur in the absence of O2.

E  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  disaccharide

B  polysaccharide

C  monosaccharide

D  saccharide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  200 mM NaCl

B  400 mM urea

C  100 mM MgCl 2

D  300 mM glucose

E  100 mM NaCl

A  Polar

B  Ion

C  Lipophilic

D  Atom

E  Molecule

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  polypeptide

B  peptide

C  monopeptide

D  dipeptide

A  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It includes actin filaments.

C  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

D  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

E  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

A  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

B  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

C  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

D  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

E  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

B  It is expressed only on select cell types

C  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

D  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

E  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

A  A cation

B  An anion

C  A free radical

D  A covalent molecule

E  A new element

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

A  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

B  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

C  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

D  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

E  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Oxidative phosphorylation

D  Krebs cycle

E  Glycolysis

A  Generating ATP

B  Providing genetic information

C  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

D  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

E  Storing calcium ions

A  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

B  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

C  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  hydrophilic.

B  bipolar.

C  amphipathic.

D  unipolar.

E  hydrophobic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

B  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

A  Secondary active transport

B  Primary active transport

C  Facilitated diffusion

D  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

E  Simple diffusion

A  It is covalent.

B  It has no net electrical charge.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It is ionized.

A  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

B  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

C  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

D  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

E  can be carbohydrate molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  protein.

B  starch.

C  cellulose.

D  triacylglycerol.

E  glycogen.

A  take place only when no oxygen is present.

B  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

C  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

D  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

E  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

A  The number of electrons

B  The number of bonds it can form

C  The ratio of protons to electrons

D  The number of neutrons

E  The number of protons

A  formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.

B  used to transfer energy within a cell.

C  a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.

D  a protein.

E  used by cells for the storage of energy.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

E  Generation of ATP

A  By increasing the temperature of a solution

B  By decreasing the energy of activation

C  By phosphorylating a reactant

D  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

E  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

A  It is an amphipathic molecule.

B  It is a nonpolar molecule.

C  It is a polar molecule.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Lipid molecules

B  Solutes

C  Glucose

D  Charged particles

E  Water

A  It will stay the same size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will swell in size.

D  It will shrink in size.

A  Secondary

B  Tertiary

C  Quaternary

D  Primary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  occurs in the cytoplasm.

B  is called translation of the message.

C  is called transcription of the message.

D  requires DNA polymerase.

E  produces an RNA transcript

F  requires an RNA polymerase