Lecture Exam 1(B)

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  may open in response to binding a ligand.

D  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

E  are nonspecific.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

A  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

B  Ionic bonds

C  Van der Waals forces

D  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  6

B  8

C  1

D  4

E  2

A  active transport.

B  diffusion through a channel.

C  simple diffusion.

D  diffusion using a pump.

A  Amino acids

B  Monosaccharides

C  Nucleotides

D  Phospholipids

E  Cholesterol

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

D  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

E  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

A  peroxisomes

B  endosomes

C  mitochondria

D  ribosomes

E  lysosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  saturated fat

B  unsaturated fat

C  polyunsaturated fat

D  monounsaturated fat

A  Saturation

B  Inhibition

C  Specificity

D  Acclimatization

E  Accommodation

A  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose.

B  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

C  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

D  It does not occur in the presence of O 2.

E  It does not occur in the absence of O2.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  disaccharide

B  monosaccharide

C  saccharide

D  polysaccharide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  400 mM urea

B  100 mM NaCl

C  200 mM NaCl

D  100 mM MgCl 2

E  300 mM glucose

A  Atom

B  Lipophilic

C  Molecule

D  Polar

E  Ion

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  dipeptide

B  monopeptide

C  peptide

D  polypeptide

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

C  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It includes actin filaments.

B  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

E  It is important for cellular movement.

A  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

B  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

C  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

D  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

E  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

B  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

C  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

D  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

E  It is expressed only on select cell types

A  A free radical

B  A new element

C  A covalent molecule

D  A cation

E  An anion

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

D  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

A  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

B  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

C  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

D  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

E  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Oxidative phosphorylation

B  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

C  Krebs cycle

D  Glycolysis

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  Providing genetic information

B  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

E  Generating ATP

A  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

B  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

C  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

D  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

E  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  unipolar.

B  amphipathic.

C  hydrophobic.

D  hydrophilic.

E  bipolar.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

B  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

A  Simple diffusion

B  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

C  Secondary active transport

D  Facilitated diffusion

E  Primary active transport

A  It is ionized.

B  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It is covalent.

A  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

B  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

C  can be carbohydrate molecules.

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  glycogen.

B  triacylglycerol.

C  protein.

D  cellulose.

E  starch.

A  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

B  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

C  take place only when no oxygen is present.

D  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

E  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

A  The number of bonds it can form

B  The number of electrons

C  The number of neutrons

D  The number of protons

E  The ratio of protons to electrons

A  used by cells for the storage of energy.

B  formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.

C  a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.

D  used to transfer energy within a cell.

E  a protein.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

B  Generation of ATP

C  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

D  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Transcription of DNA into RNA

A  By increasing the temperature of a solution

B  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

C  By decreasing the energy of activation

D  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

E  By phosphorylating a reactant

A  It is an amphipathic molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Lipid molecules

B  Solutes

C  Water

D  Glucose

E  Charged particles

A  It will swell in size.

B  It will shrink in size.

C  The result can’t be predicted

D  It will stay the same size.

A  Primary

B  Secondary

C  Quaternary

D  Tertiary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  occurs in the cytoplasm.

B  produces an RNA transcript

C  requires DNA polymerase.

D  is called translation of the message.

E  is called transcription of the message.

F  requires an RNA polymerase