Navigation » List of Schools » West Los Angeles College » Physiology » Physiology 101 – Introduction to Human Physiology » Fall 2020 » Lecture Exam 2
Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:
Question #1
A Information from sensory receptorsreaches the cerebral cortex and the person becomes aware of it
B Conversion of the energy of a stimulus into a pattern of electrical activity
C A depolarization of receptive membrane that increase in magnitude as the stimulus intensity increases
D A decrease in receptor sensitivity despite continuation of a stimulus
E Persistence of the sensation of a limb even after it has been severed from the body
Question #2
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #3
A horizontal, inner
B bipolar, ganglion
C somatic, catalyst
Question #4
A ciliary muscle
B retina
C cornea
D lens
E iris
Question #5
A functions as the body’s thermostat
B secretes hormones
C plays a role in emotional and behavioral patterns.
D inhibits muscle tone throughout the body.
E controls thirst, urine output, and food intake.
F is a relay station for sensory input on its way to the cerebral cortex.
Question #6
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #7
A contains voltage-gated channels.
B contains ligand-gated channels
C is found in the soma of the neuron
D is located in the axon hillock.
E is where action potentials are first generated.
Question #8
A They sum excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs.
B They can transmit information between afferent neurons and efferent neurons.
C They receive synaptic input from other neurons in the CNS.
D They make synapses on effector organs in the PNS.
E They deliver synaptic input on other neurons.
Question #9
A the posterior column
B lateral corticospinal tract
C anterior spinothalmic tract
D spinocerebellar tract
E medial leminscus tract
Question #10
A olfactory bulb
B amygdala.
C mammillary body.
D cingulate gyrus.
E primary visual cortex
F hippocampus.
Question #11
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #12
A movement of the tectorial membrane relative to the vestibular
B the hairs of the receptor cells of the Organ of Corti to be bent
C displacement of the round window, which dissipates pressure in the cochlea.
D movement of the basilar membrane relative to the tectorial.
E increased fluid pressure against the cochlear duct by the fluid of the scala vestibuli
Question #13
A Parietal lobe association area
B Occipital lobe association area
C Primary Auditory cortex
D Somatosensory cortex
E Primary Visual cortex
Question #14
A both pens are activating the same receptor.
B both afferent neurons converge on the same interneuron.
C both sensations are grouped together in the somatosensory cortex.
D the receptors in both skin areas utilize the same afferent neuron.
Question #15
A trigger an excitatory postsynaptic potential.
B be conducted to the axon hillock.
C trigger an action potential.
D cause a change in membrane potential.
E depolarize a dendrite.
Question #16
A It generates a small electrical potential such that the inside of a neuron is made negative with respect to the outside.
B It maintains a concentration gradient for K + such that diffusion forces favor movement of K + into the cell.
C It pumps 3 Na + ions into the cell for every 2 K + ions it pumps out.
D It transports equal numbers of sodium and potassium ions with each pump cycle.
E It maintains an electrical gradient at the equilibrium potential of K +.
Question #17
A the dorsal root conducts motor information
B the ventral root contains axons of afferent, sensory neurons
C afferent, sensory neurons are unipolar neurons with cell bodies located in the dorsal root ganglion
D spinal nerves are for the conduction of motor information only
Question #18
A The exocytosis of neurotransmitter
B The depolarization phase of the action potential
C The graded potential
D All of these will not occur
E The repolarization phase of the action potential
Question #19
A are part of the peripheral nervous system.
B carry impulses from the CNS to the periphery.
C transmit signals derived from afferent receptors up the spinal cord to the brain.
D carry impulses from the periphery to the CNS.
E relay messages from the brain down to the spinal cord to efferent neurons.
Question #20
A more positive than the equilibrium potential for sodium.
B slightly more negative than the equilibrium potential of potassium ion.
C more positive than the equilibrium potential for potassium.
D equal to the equilibrium potential for sodium.
E equal to the equilibrium potential for potassium.
Question #21
A Deflection
B Retraction
C Reflection
D Refraction
Question #22
A activation of her parasympathetic nerves inhibits contraction of her ciliary muscles.
B activation of her parasympathetic nerves causes sudden contraction of her ciliary muscles.
C activation of her sympathetic nerves causes sudden contraction of her ciliary muscles.
D she suddenly develops presbyopia.
E activation of her sympathetic nerves inhibits contraction of her ciliary muscles.
Question #23
A photoreceptor
B thermoreceptor
C chemoreceptor
D mechanoreceptor
Question #24
A chemoreceptor
B photoreceptor
C thermoreceptor
D nociceptor
Question #25
A mechanoreceptor
B nociceptor
C chemoreceptor
D thermoreceptor
Question #26
A nociceptor
B thermoreceptor
C photoreceptor
D chemoreceptor
Question #27
A chemoreceptor
B photoreceptor
C mechanoreceptor
D thermoreceptor
Question #28
A photoreceptor
B nociceptor
C chemoreceptor
D thermoreceptor
Question #29
A photoreceptor
B chemoreceptor
C thermoreceptor
D nociceptor
Question #30
A Pituitary gland
B Hypothalamus
C Mitochondria
D Pineal gland
Question #31
A is a direct result of the opening of voltage-gated channels permeable to Na + ions in the post-synaptic cell
B stabilizes the membrane to remain at its resting potential.
C occurs when voltage-gated Cl- channels open in a postsynaptic cell membrane.
D is a direct result of the opening of ligand-gated channels permeable to both Na + and K + ions in the pre-synaptic cell
E opens voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels in the presynaptic membrane.
Question #32
A The term “sensory unit” refers to a group of receptors that receive a particular stimulus and the afferent neuron associated with those receptors.
B Some sensory receptors are modifications of the peripheral endings of efferent neurons.
C The term “adequate stimulus” means that a stimulus is strong enough to be detected.
D All sensory information that reaches the brain can be experienced as a conscious sensation.
E Sensory information that leads to conscious awareness of the stimulus is called transduction.
Question #33
A produce myelin
B physically support neurons.
C are part of the blood-brain barrier.
D can take up excess neurotransmitters
E produce the CSF
F are important in the repair of brain injuries and in neural scar formation.
Question #34
A It requires ions to be distributed unevenly across the plasma membrane of a cell.
B It has the same value in all cells.
C Only nerve and muscle cells have a potential difference across the membrane at rest.
D in neurons, it is created mainly by potassium ion leakage
E It is not altered by changing concentration gradients of permeating ions.
F It is oriented so that the cell’s interior is negative with respect to the extracellular fluid.
Question #35
A norepinephrine
B serotonin
C acetylcholine
D histamine
Question #36
A acetylcholine
B dopamine
C histamine
D serotonin
Question #37
A histamine
B acetylcholine
C norepinephrine
D serotonin
Question #38
A histamine
B acetylcholine
C dopamine
D norepinephrine
Question #39
A acetylcholine
B serotonin
C dopamine
D norepinephrine
Question #40
A Cold and warmth
B Vision
C Pressure
D pain
E Proprioception
F Sound
Question #41
A they are also known as somatic motor neurons
B they can excite or inhibit skeletal muscles
C they are part of the final common pathway
D their activity is influenced by upper motor neurons
E they exit from the anterior gray horn
F they secrete dopamine
Question #42
A Na+ voltage-gated channels.
B K+ leak channels.
C Na+/K+ pumps.
D Na+ leak channels
Question #43
A The image of an object that is focused on the retina is upside down relative to the object’s actual position in space.
B Cataract is an increase in opacity (clouding) of the lens.
C Presbyopia is a condition in which the lens cannot accommodate adequately for near vision.
D Myopia is a condition in which the lens focuses light from distant objects behind the retina.
E The cornea refracts light rays more strongly than the lens.
Question #44
A Action potentials are usually initiated at the axon hillock of a neuron.
B An action potential generates a local current that depolarizes adjacent membrane to threshold potential.
C Action potentials travel in both directions along the axon.
D An action potential generates a new action potential in an adjacent area of membrane.
E An action potential generated by a threshold stimulus is the same size as one generated by a supra-threshold stimulus.
Question #45
A putamen
B cingulate gyrus
C caudate nucleus
D substantia nigra
E mammilary body
F globus pallidus
Question #46
A is comprised of lower motor neurons controlled by local circuit neurons
B is comprised of lower motor neurons controlled by upper motor neurons arising from the motor cortex
C occurs in unmyelinated nerve fibers.
D always results in muscle contraction
E is comprised of lower motor neurons controlled by local circuit neurons and upper motor neurons arising from the cerebellum
Question #47
A personality traits.
B language ability
C control of breathing, circulation, and digestion.
D final sensory perception
E voluntary initiation of movement.
F
Question #48
A nictonic motor neurons
B lower motor neurons
C upper motor neurons
D gamma motor neurons
E delta motor neurons
Question #49
A White, Gray
B Gray, White
C Black, White
D Brown, Gray
Question #50
A are replaced by cells known as basal cells.
B are specialized endings of afferent neurons called chemoreceptors
C bind chemicals called odorants
D when stimulated send impulses both to the limbic system and to the cortex for perception of smell.
Question #51
A cataract.
B myopia.
C hyperopia.
D glaucoma.
E presbyopia.
Question #52
A are found primarily in the heart.
B bind acetylcholine released from both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic fibers.
C bind acetylcholine released from both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers.
D bind acetylcholine released from parasympathetic preganglionic fibers.
E bind with norepinephrine released from sympathetic postganglionic fibers.
Question #53
A They generally occur at the axon hillock of afferent neurons.
B They always trigger action potentials.
C They are action potentials.
D They can be graded and vary with stimulus strength.
E They propagate without decrement.
Question #54
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #55
A Mechanoreceptors
B Nociceptors
C Proprioceptors
D Photoreceptors
E Chemoreceptors
Question #56
A adrenergic
B nicotinic
C muscarinic
Question #57
A contraction of the ciliary muscles.
B dilation of the pupil.
C flatteningof the lens.
D increased rounding of the cornea.
E activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
Question #58
A There is an increase in neurotransmitter release from photoreceptor cells.
B The chromophore retinal undergoes a change of shape.
C The concentration of cyclic GMP inside cells increases.
D The photoreceptor cells are stimulated and fireaction potentials.
E The photoreceptor cell membranebecomes depolarized.
Question #59
A somatosensory cortex
B occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex
C frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex
D temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex
E limbic system
Question #60
A The permeability of the plasma membrane to potassium ions is much greater than its permeability to sodium ions.
B The concentration of sodium ion is greater inside the cell than outside.
C The plasma membrane is completely impermeable to potassium ions.
D The plasma membrane is completely impermeable to sodium ions.
E The plasma membrane is most permeable to sodium ions.
Question #61
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #62
A No light will enter the eye and blindness will result
B Distance vision (e.g., reading a street sign)
C Near vision (e.g., reading a book)
D Both near and distance vision are compromised
E Both near and distance vision are fine, but changing back and forth between them becomes difficult
Question #63
A 1,3,2,5,7,6,8,4,9,10
B 1,4,7,8,3,2,6,5,9,10
C 1,4,8,7,3,2,5,6,9,10
D 1,3,2,6,5,9,10,4,8,7
Question #64
A Terminal ganglia give rise to sympathetic neurons
B The terminal ganglia contain muscarinic receptors.
C Terminal ganglia lie in a chain located along either side of the spinal cord.
D the otic ganglia are found near the parotid gland
E Terminal ganglia are the final common pathway for the autonomic nervous system.
F Long parasympathetic preganglionic fibers end at the terminal ganglia, which lie in or near the effector organ.
Question #65
A 1, 2, 3, 5, 4
B 3, 1, 4, 5, 2
C 5, 4, 3, 1, 2
D 1, 4, 3, 2, 5
E 2, 1, 5, 4, 3