Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

C  Transcription of DNA into RNA

D  Generation of ATP

E  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

C  Substance X will diffuse faster.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

B  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

C  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

D  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

E  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It will stay the same size.

B  It will swell in size.

C  It will shrink in size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

C  may open in response to binding a ligand.

D  are nonspecific.

E  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

E  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

A  ribosomes

B  endosomes

C  lysosomes

D  peroxisomes

E  mitochondria

A  They have different numbers of protons.

B  They have different number of energy shells

C  They have different numbers of neutrons.

D  They have different numbers of electrons.

E  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

A  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  are nonspecific.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

A  nucleus.

B  plasma membrane.

C  mitochondria.

D  Golgi apparatus.

E  endoplasmic reticulum.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Pinocytosis

B  Phagocytosis

C  Hydrosmosis

D  Active transport

E  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

A  chemical

B  polypeptide

C  peptide

D  polymerase

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Endosomes

B  Mitochondria

C  Ribosomes

D  Lysosomes

E  Peroxisomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Primary

B  Tertiary

C  Secondary

D  Quaternary

A  polymerase

B  polysaturated

C  polypeptide

D  polyunsaturated

A  8

B  2

C  4

D  1

E  6

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

B  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

C  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Glucose

B  Charged particles

C  Lipid molecules

D  Water

E  Solutes

A  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

B  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

C  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

D  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

E  can be carbohydrate molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

B  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

C  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

D  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

E  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesizing lipids

B  Dividing by mitosis

C  Breaking down carbohydrates

D  Making ATP

E  Manufacturing ribosomes

A  100 mM NaCl

B  200 mM NaCl

C  300 mM glucose

D  100 mM MgCl 2

E  400 mM urea

A  Molecule

B  Lipophilic

C  Atom

D  Ion

E  Polar

A  It is ionized.

B  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It is covalent.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

B  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

B  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

C  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Hydrogen bonds

B  Ionic bonds

C  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

D  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

E  Van der Waals forces

A  10

B  0

C  90

D  1

E  30

A  Krebs cycle

B  Glycolysis

C  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  No effect on blood glucose level

A  Generating ATP

B  Providing genetic information

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

E  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

A  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

B  By phosphorylating a reactant

C  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

D  By increasing the temperature of a solution

E  By decreasing the energy of activation

A  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

B  It includes actin filaments.

C  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It is important for cellular movement.

A  Accommodation

B  Saturation

C  Inhibition

D  Specificity

E  Acclimatization