Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Generation of ATP

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

E  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

C  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

D  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

E  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It will shrink in size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will swell in size.

D  It will stay the same size.

A  are nonspecific.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

E  may open in response to binding a ligand.

A  It is an amphipathic molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

B  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

C  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

D  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

E  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

A  mitochondria

B  ribosomes

C  peroxisomes

D  lysosomes

E  endosomes

A  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

B  They have different number of energy shells

C  They have different numbers of neutrons.

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They have different numbers of electrons.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  are nonspecific.

E  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

A  nucleus.

B  plasma membrane.

C  Golgi apparatus.

D  endoplasmic reticulum.

E  mitochondria.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Active transport

B  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

C  Pinocytosis

D  Phagocytosis

E  Hydrosmosis

A  peptide

B  polymerase

C  polypeptide

D  chemical

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Peroxisomes

B  Ribosomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Endosomes

E  Lysosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Secondary

B  Tertiary

C  Primary

D  Quaternary

A  polysaturated

B  polypeptide

C  polyunsaturated

D  polymerase

A  6

B  2

C  4

D  8

E  1

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

B  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

C  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Glucose

B  Water

C  Solutes

D  Charged particles

E  Lipid molecules

A  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

B  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

C  can be carbohydrate molecules.

D  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

E  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

B  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

C  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

D  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

E  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Breaking down carbohydrates

B  Dividing by mitosis

C  Synthesizing lipids

D  Manufacturing ribosomes

E  Making ATP

A  400 mM urea

B  300 mM glucose

C  100 mM MgCl 2

D  100 mM NaCl

E  200 mM NaCl

A  Polar

B  Lipophilic

C  Ion

D  Atom

E  Molecule

A  It is ionized.

B  It is covalent.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It has no net electrical charge.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

B  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

C  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

D  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

E  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Van der Waals forces

C  Ionic bonds

D  Hydrogen bonds

E  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

A  1

B  30

C  10

D  90

E  0

A  Glycolysis

B  Oxidative phosphorylation

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  Krebs cycle

E  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Decrease blood glucose level

B  Increase blood glucose level

C  No effect on blood glucose level

A  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

B  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Providing genetic information

E  Generating ATP

A  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

B  By phosphorylating a reactant

C  By increasing the temperature of a solution

D  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

E  By decreasing the energy of activation

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It includes actin filaments.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

A  Inhibition

B  Accommodation

C  Saturation

D  Specificity

E  Acclimatization