Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

D  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Generation of ATP

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

B  Substance X will diffuse faster.

C  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

B  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

C  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

D  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

E  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The result can’t be predicted

B  It will shrink in size.

C  It will swell in size.

D  It will stay the same size.

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  are nonspecific.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is a nonpolar molecule.

C  It is an amphipathic molecule.

A  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

D  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

E  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

A  mitochondria

B  lysosomes

C  ribosomes

D  endosomes

E  peroxisomes

A  They have different numbers of neutrons.

B  They have different numbers of protons.

C  They have different number of energy shells

D  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

E  They have different numbers of electrons.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  are nonspecific.

C  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  plasma membrane.

B  endoplasmic reticulum.

C  mitochondria.

D  nucleus.

E  Golgi apparatus.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Phagocytosis

B  Active transport

C  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

D  Hydrosmosis

E  Pinocytosis

A  polymerase

B  chemical

C  polypeptide

D  peptide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Mitochondria

B  Ribosomes

C  Peroxisomes

D  Lysosomes

E  Endosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Quaternary

B  Tertiary

C  Secondary

D  Primary

A  polymerase

B  polyunsaturated

C  polysaturated

D  polypeptide

A  6

B  1

C  2

D  8

E  4

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

B  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

C  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Lipid molecules

B  Water

C  Solutes

D  Glucose

E  Charged particles

A  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

B  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

C  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  can be carbohydrate molecules.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

B  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

C  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

D  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

E  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesizing lipids

B  Making ATP

C  Manufacturing ribosomes

D  Breaking down carbohydrates

E  Dividing by mitosis

A  200 mM NaCl

B  100 mM MgCl 2

C  400 mM urea

D  300 mM glucose

E  100 mM NaCl

A  Ion

B  Atom

C  Molecule

D  Lipophilic

E  Polar

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It is covalent.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It is ionized.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

B  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

E  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Ionic bonds

B  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

C  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

D  Van der Waals forces

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  0

B  90

C  10

D  1

E  30

A  Krebs cycle

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Oxidative phosphorylation

D  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

E  Glycolysis

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Decrease blood glucose level

B  Increase blood glucose level

C  No effect on blood glucose level

A  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

B  Providing genetic information

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

E  Generating ATP

A  By decreasing the energy of activation

B  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

C  By increasing the temperature of a solution

D  By phosphorylating a reactant

E  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

D  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Specificity

B  Inhibition

C  Saturation

D  Acclimatization

E  Accommodation