Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Transcription of DNA into RNA

B  Generation of ATP

C  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

E  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

C  Substance X will diffuse faster.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

B  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

C  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

D  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

E  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It will swell in size.

B  It will shrink in size.

C  It will stay the same size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

B  are nonspecific.

C  may open in response to binding a ligand.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a polar molecule.

A  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

D  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

E  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

A  mitochondria

B  peroxisomes

C  lysosomes

D  endosomes

E  ribosomes

A  They have different numbers of protons.

B  They have different numbers of electrons.

C  They have different number of energy shells

D  They have different numbers of neutrons.

E  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  are nonspecific.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  may open in response to binding a ligand.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  mitochondria.

B  nucleus.

C  endoplasmic reticulum.

D  plasma membrane.

E  Golgi apparatus.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Phagocytosis

B  Active transport

C  Pinocytosis

D  Hydrosmosis

E  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

A  chemical

B  peptide

C  polymerase

D  polypeptide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Peroxisomes

B  Endosomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Lysosomes

E  Ribosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Secondary

B  Tertiary

C  Primary

D  Quaternary

A  polypeptide

B  polymerase

C  polyunsaturated

D  polysaturated

A  4

B  6

C  1

D  2

E  8

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

B  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

C  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Glucose

B  Lipid molecules

C  Water

D  Charged particles

E  Solutes

A  can be carbohydrate molecules.

B  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

C  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

D  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

E  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

B  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

C  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

D  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

E  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Dividing by mitosis

B  Breaking down carbohydrates

C  Synthesizing lipids

D  Making ATP

E  Manufacturing ribosomes

A  300 mM glucose

B  100 mM MgCl 2

C  400 mM urea

D  200 mM NaCl

E  100 mM NaCl

A  Atom

B  Ion

C  Polar

D  Molecule

E  Lipophilic

A  It is covalent.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

B  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Ionic bonds

B  Van der Waals forces

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Hydrogen bonds

E  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

A  1

B  10

C  0

D  30

E  90

A  Krebs cycle

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  Glycolysis

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  Increase blood glucose level

A  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

B  Storing calcium ions

C  Providing genetic information

D  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

E  Generating ATP

A  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

B  By increasing the temperature of a solution

C  By phosphorylating a reactant

D  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

E  By decreasing the energy of activation

A  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

B  It includes actin filaments.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

E  It is important for cellular movement.

A  Inhibition

B  Acclimatization

C  Accommodation

D  Specificity

E  Saturation