Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Transcription of DNA into RNA

B  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

C  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

E  Generation of ATP

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

C  Substance X will diffuse faster.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

D  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

E  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It will shrink in size.

B  It will swell in size.

C  It will stay the same size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  are nonspecific.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is a nonpolar molecule.

C  It is an amphipathic molecule.

A  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

B  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

C  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

D  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

E  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

A  mitochondria

B  endosomes

C  ribosomes

D  peroxisomes

E  lysosomes

A  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

B  They have different numbers of electrons.

C  They have different numbers of neutrons.

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They have different number of energy shells

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

A  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  are nonspecific.

E  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

A  plasma membrane.

B  mitochondria.

C  endoplasmic reticulum.

D  nucleus.

E  Golgi apparatus.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Phagocytosis

B  Active transport

C  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

D  Hydrosmosis

E  Pinocytosis

A  peptide

B  chemical

C  polypeptide

D  polymerase

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Endosomes

B  Lysosomes

C  Ribosomes

D  Peroxisomes

E  Mitochondria

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Primary

B  Secondary

C  Tertiary

D  Quaternary

A  polyunsaturated

B  polysaturated

C  polypeptide

D  polymerase

A  6

B  8

C  1

D  2

E  4

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

C  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Water

B  Lipid molecules

C  Solutes

D  Charged particles

E  Glucose

A  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

B  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

C  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

D  can be carbohydrate molecules.

E  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

B  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

C  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

D  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

E  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Making ATP

B  Manufacturing ribosomes

C  Dividing by mitosis

D  Synthesizing lipids

E  Breaking down carbohydrates

A  100 mM NaCl

B  100 mM MgCl 2

C  400 mM urea

D  200 mM NaCl

E  300 mM glucose

A  Ion

B  Molecule

C  Polar

D  Atom

E  Lipophilic

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It is covalent.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It is ionized.

A  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

B  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

C  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

D  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

E  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Ionic bonds

B  Van der Waals forces

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  0

B  30

C  1

D  90

E  10

A  Oxidative phosphorylation

B  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  Glycolysis

E  Krebs cycle

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  No effect on blood glucose level

A  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

B  Providing genetic information

C  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

D  Storing calcium ions

E  Generating ATP

A  By phosphorylating a reactant

B  By increasing the temperature of a solution

C  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

D  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

E  By decreasing the energy of activation

A  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

B  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Saturation

B  Accommodation

C  Specificity

D  Inhibition

E  Acclimatization