Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Transcription of DNA into RNA

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

E  Generation of ATP

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

B  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

C  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

D  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

E  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It will swell in size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will stay the same size.

D  It will shrink in size.

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  are nonspecific.

C  may open in response to binding a ligand.

D  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a polar molecule.

A  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

B  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

C  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

D  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

E  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

A  peroxisomes

B  ribosomes

C  lysosomes

D  endosomes

E  mitochondria

A  They have different numbers of protons.

B  They have different number of energy shells

C  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

D  They have different numbers of neutrons.

E  They have different numbers of electrons.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  are nonspecific.

A  Golgi apparatus.

B  plasma membrane.

C  nucleus.

D  mitochondria.

E  endoplasmic reticulum.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Phagocytosis

B  Hydrosmosis

C  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

D  Pinocytosis

E  Active transport

A  polymerase

B  polypeptide

C  peptide

D  chemical

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Ribosomes

B  Endosomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Peroxisomes

E  Lysosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Quaternary

B  Tertiary

C  Primary

D  Secondary

A  polypeptide

B  polysaturated

C  polymerase

D  polyunsaturated

A  4

B  1

C  6

D  8

E  2

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

B  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

C  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

D  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

E  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Solutes

B  Lipid molecules

C  Charged particles

D  Glucose

E  Water

A  can be carbohydrate molecules.

B  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

C  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

B  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

C  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

D  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

E  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Manufacturing ribosomes

B  Breaking down carbohydrates

C  Dividing by mitosis

D  Synthesizing lipids

E  Making ATP

A  100 mM MgCl 2

B  200 mM NaCl

C  300 mM glucose

D  100 mM NaCl

E  400 mM urea

A  Molecule

B  Atom

C  Lipophilic

D  Polar

E  Ion

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It is covalent.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

D  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

B  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

C  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

D  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

E  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Hydrogen bonds

B  Ionic bonds

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Van der Waals forces

E  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

A  10

B  30

C  90

D  0

E  1

A  Krebs cycle

B  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  Glycolysis

E  Oxidative phosphorylation

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  No effect on blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  Providing genetic information

B  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

C  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

D  Generating ATP

E  Storing calcium ions

A  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

B  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

C  By increasing the temperature of a solution

D  By decreasing the energy of activation

E  By phosphorylating a reactant

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

C  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

D  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Saturation

B  Accommodation

C  Acclimatization

D  Specificity

E  Inhibition