Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

B  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

C  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Generation of ATP

E  Transcription of DNA into RNA

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

C  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

B  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

C  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

D  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

E  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The result can’t be predicted

B  It will stay the same size.

C  It will swell in size.

D  It will shrink in size.

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  are nonspecific.

C  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

D  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is an amphipathic molecule.

A  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

B  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

C  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

D  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

E  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

A  ribosomes

B  endosomes

C  lysosomes

D  peroxisomes

E  mitochondria

A  They have different numbers of protons.

B  They have different number of energy shells

C  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

D  They have different numbers of neutrons.

E  They have different numbers of electrons.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

A  are nonspecific.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  may open in response to binding a ligand.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  Golgi apparatus.

B  nucleus.

C  endoplasmic reticulum.

D  plasma membrane.

E  mitochondria.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pinocytosis

B  Phagocytosis

C  Active transport

D  Hydrosmosis

E  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

A  chemical

B  peptide

C  polypeptide

D  polymerase

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Peroxisomes

B  Ribosomes

C  Lysosomes

D  Mitochondria

E  Endosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Tertiary

B  Quaternary

C  Secondary

D  Primary

A  polymerase

B  polyunsaturated

C  polysaturated

D  polypeptide

A  6

B  1

C  8

D  2

E  4

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

B  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

C  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

D  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

E  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Glucose

B  Lipid molecules

C  Charged particles

D  Solutes

E  Water

A  can be carbohydrate molecules.

B  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

C  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

D  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

E  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

B  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

C  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

D  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

E  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Breaking down carbohydrates

B  Dividing by mitosis

C  Manufacturing ribosomes

D  Making ATP

E  Synthesizing lipids

A  400 mM urea

B  100 mM MgCl 2

C  100 mM NaCl

D  200 mM NaCl

E  300 mM glucose

A  Atom

B  Molecule

C  Lipophilic

D  Polar

E  Ion

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It is ionized.

C  It is covalent.

D  It has no net electrical charge.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

C  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

E  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Hydrogen bonds

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Ionic bonds

E  Van der Waals forces

A  0

B  90

C  10

D  30

E  1

A  Krebs cycle

B  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

C  Glycolysis

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  Oxidative phosphorylation

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  No effect on blood glucose level

A  Storing calcium ions

B  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

C  Generating ATP

D  Providing genetic information

E  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

A  By increasing the temperature of a solution

B  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

C  By phosphorylating a reactant

D  By decreasing the energy of activation

E  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

A  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

B  It includes actin filaments.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It is important for cellular movement.

E  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

A  Specificity

B  Accommodation

C  Acclimatization

D  Inhibition

E  Saturation