Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

C  Transcription of DNA into RNA

D  Generation of ATP

E  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

B  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

C  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

D  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

E  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The result can’t be predicted

B  It will swell in size.

C  It will stay the same size.

D  It will shrink in size.

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  are nonspecific.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  may open in response to binding a ligand.

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a polar molecule.

A  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

B  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

C  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

D  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

E  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

A  peroxisomes

B  lysosomes

C  ribosomes

D  endosomes

E  mitochondria

A  They have different numbers of electrons.

B  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

C  They have different numbers of neutrons.

D  They have different number of energy shells

E  They have different numbers of protons.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  are nonspecific.

C  may open in response to binding a ligand.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  plasma membrane.

B  endoplasmic reticulum.

C  mitochondria.

D  Golgi apparatus.

E  nucleus.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Phagocytosis

B  Active transport

C  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

D  Pinocytosis

E  Hydrosmosis

A  peptide

B  polypeptide

C  chemical

D  polymerase

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Endosomes

B  Peroxisomes

C  Ribosomes

D  Lysosomes

E  Mitochondria

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Tertiary

B  Quaternary

C  Primary

D  Secondary

A  polyunsaturated

B  polymerase

C  polysaturated

D  polypeptide

A  1

B  8

C  6

D  4

E  2

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

B  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

C  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

D  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Solutes

B  Lipid molecules

C  Glucose

D  Charged particles

E  Water

A  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

B  can be carbohydrate molecules.

C  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

D  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

E  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

B  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

C  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

D  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

E  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Making ATP

B  Dividing by mitosis

C  Breaking down carbohydrates

D  Synthesizing lipids

E  Manufacturing ribosomes

A  100 mM NaCl

B  400 mM urea

C  300 mM glucose

D  100 mM MgCl 2

E  200 mM NaCl

A  Polar

B  Ion

C  Atom

D  Lipophilic

E  Molecule

A  It is covalent.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It has no net electrical charge.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

D  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Ionic bonds

B  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

C  Hydrogen bonds

D  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

E  Van der Waals forces

A  90

B  10

C  30

D  0

E  1

A  Glycolysis

B  Krebs cycle

C  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  No effect on blood glucose level

A  Providing genetic information

B  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Generating ATP

E  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

A  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

B  By phosphorylating a reactant

C  By increasing the temperature of a solution

D  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

E  By decreasing the energy of activation

A  It includes actin filaments.

B  It is important for cellular movement.

C  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

D  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

E  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

A  Accommodation

B  Inhibition

C  Acclimatization

D  Saturation

E  Specificity