Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

B  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

C  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Generation of ATP

E  Transcription of DNA into RNA

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

B  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

C  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

D  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

E  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It will shrink in size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will stay the same size.

D  It will swell in size.

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  are nonspecific.

D  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  It is an amphipathic molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

B  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

E  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

A  mitochondria

B  ribosomes

C  endosomes

D  peroxisomes

E  lysosomes

A  They have different number of energy shells

B  They have different numbers of neutrons.

C  They have different numbers of electrons.

D  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

E  They have different numbers of protons.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  are nonspecific.

A  endoplasmic reticulum.

B  mitochondria.

C  Golgi apparatus.

D  plasma membrane.

E  nucleus.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pinocytosis

B  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

C  Active transport

D  Phagocytosis

E  Hydrosmosis

A  polypeptide

B  chemical

C  peptide

D  polymerase

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Peroxisomes

B  Ribosomes

C  Endosomes

D  Lysosomes

E  Mitochondria

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Tertiary

B  Quaternary

C  Secondary

D  Primary

A  polyunsaturated

B  polysaturated

C  polymerase

D  polypeptide

A  4

B  6

C  8

D  2

E  1

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

B  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

C  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

D  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Lipid molecules

B  Water

C  Glucose

D  Charged particles

E  Solutes

A  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

B  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

C  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  can be carbohydrate molecules.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

B  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

C  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

D  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

E  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesizing lipids

B  Manufacturing ribosomes

C  Dividing by mitosis

D  Breaking down carbohydrates

E  Making ATP

A  400 mM urea

B  100 mM NaCl

C  300 mM glucose

D  100 mM MgCl 2

E  200 mM NaCl

A  Lipophilic

B  Polar

C  Atom

D  Ion

E  Molecule

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It has no net electrical charge.

C  It is covalent.

D  It is ionized.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

B  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Hydrogen bonds

C  Van der Waals forces

D  Ionic bonds

E  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

A  30

B  10

C  90

D  0

E  1

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  Oxidative phosphorylation

C  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

D  Glycolysis

E  Krebs cycle

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  No effect on blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  Generating ATP

B  Storing calcium ions

C  Providing genetic information

D  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

E  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

A  By phosphorylating a reactant

B  By increasing the temperature of a solution

C  By decreasing the energy of activation

D  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

E  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

A  It includes actin filaments.

B  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

C  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

D  It is important for cellular movement.

E  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

A  Accommodation

B  Inhibition

C  Saturation

D  Specificity

E  Acclimatization