Lecture Exam 1

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  active transport.

B  diffusion using a pump.

C  diffusion through a channel.

D  simple diffusion.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of lactate, and 2 ATP

B  2 molecules of pyruvate and 36 molecules of ATP

C  2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of water, and 2 molecules of lactate

D  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of water, and 2 NADH

E  2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

A  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

B  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

C  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

D  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

E  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

A  Krebs cycle

B  Glycolysis

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Simple diffusion

B  Facilitated diffusion

C  Primary active transport

D  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

E  Secondary active transport

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  300 mM glucose

B  100 mM NaCl

C  200 mM NaCl

D  400 mM urea

E  100 mM MgCl 2

A  take place only when no oxygen is present.

B  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

C  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

D  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

E  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  No effect on blood glucose level

A  mitochondria

B  ribosomes

C  lysosomes

D  peroxisomes

E  endosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Nucleotides

B  Phospholipids

C  Monosaccharides

D  Cholesterol

E  Amino acids

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

D  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

A  Providing genetic information

B  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

C  Generating ATP

D  Storing calcium ions

E  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

A  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

B  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

C  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is covalent.

B  It has no net electrical charge.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It is ionized.

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

C  are nonspecific.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesizing lipids

B  Manufacturing ribosomes

C  Dividing by mitosis

D  Breaking down carbohydrates

E  Making ATP

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

C  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

D  It includes actin filaments.

E  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

A  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

B  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

C  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

D  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

E  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

A  Endosomes

B  Ribosomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Lysosomes

E  Peroxisomes

A  Tertiary

B  Quaternary

C  Primary

D  Secondary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A new element

B  A cation

C  A free radical

D  An anion

E  A covalent molecule

A  unipolar.

B  hydrophilic.

C  bipolar.

D  amphipathic.

E  hydrophobic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

B  Phagocytosis

C  Pinocytosis

D  Hydrosmosis

E  Active transport

A  The result can’t be predicted

B  It will swell in size.

C  It will shrink in size.

D  It will stay the same size.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  8

B  4

C  2

D  6

E  1

A  Hydrogen bonds

B  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

C  Ionic bonds

D  Van der Waals forces

E  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  They have different numbers of electrons.

B  They have different number of energy shells

C  They have different numbers of protons.

D  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

E  They have different numbers of neutrons.

A  Glucose

B  Water

C  Charged particles

D  Solutes

E  Lipid molecules