Lecture Exam 1

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  active transport.

B  diffusion using a pump.

C  simple diffusion.

D  diffusion through a channel.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  2 molecules of pyruvate and 36 molecules of ATP

B  2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water

C  2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of water, and 2 molecules of lactate

D  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of lactate, and 2 ATP

E  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of water, and 2 NADH

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

B  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

A  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

B  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

C  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

D  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

E  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

A  Krebs cycle

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  Glycolysis

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Facilitated diffusion

B  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

C  Simple diffusion

D  Primary active transport

E  Secondary active transport

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  400 mM urea

B  100 mM NaCl

C  300 mM glucose

D  100 mM MgCl 2

E  200 mM NaCl

A  take place only when no oxygen is present.

B  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

C  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

D  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

E  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  No effect on blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  ribosomes

B  mitochondria

C  peroxisomes

D  lysosomes

E  endosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Nucleotides

B  Amino acids

C  Cholesterol

D  Monosaccharides

E  Phospholipids

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

D  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

A  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

B  Providing genetic information

C  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

D  Storing calcium ions

E  Generating ATP

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

C  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

C  It is ionized.

D  It is covalent.

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  are nonspecific.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Making ATP

B  Dividing by mitosis

C  Manufacturing ribosomes

D  Synthesizing lipids

E  Breaking down carbohydrates

A  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

B  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It includes actin filaments.

E  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

A  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

B  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

C  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

D  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

E  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

A  Peroxisomes

B  Lysosomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Ribosomes

E  Endosomes

A  Secondary

B  Primary

C  Quaternary

D  Tertiary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

C  Substance X will diffuse faster.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A cation

B  A free radical

C  An anion

D  A covalent molecule

E  A new element

A  hydrophilic.

B  amphipathic.

C  hydrophobic.

D  unipolar.

E  bipolar.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Hydrosmosis

B  Active transport

C  Phagocytosis

D  Pinocytosis

E  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

A  It will swell in size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will shrink in size.

D  It will stay the same size.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

A  6

B  4

C  2

D  1

E  8

A  Ionic bonds

B  Hydrogen bonds

C  Van der Waals forces

D  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

E  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  They have different numbers of neutrons.

B  They have different numbers of protons.

C  They have different numbers of electrons.

D  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

E  They have different number of energy shells

A  Charged particles

B  Solutes

C  Water

D  Lipid molecules

E  Glucose