Lecture Exam 1

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  active transport.

B  diffusion using a pump.

C  simple diffusion.

D  diffusion through a channel.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water

B  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of lactate, and 2 ATP

C  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of water, and 2 NADH

D  2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of water, and 2 molecules of lactate

E  2 molecules of pyruvate and 36 molecules of ATP

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

D  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

A  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

B  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

C  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

D  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

E  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

A  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Oxidative phosphorylation

D  Krebs cycle

E  Glycolysis

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Secondary active transport

B  Facilitated diffusion

C  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

D  Simple diffusion

E  Primary active transport

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  300 mM glucose

B  100 mM NaCl

C  200 mM NaCl

D  400 mM urea

E  100 mM MgCl 2

A  take place only when no oxygen is present.

B  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

C  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

D  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

E  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

A  Decrease blood glucose level

B  Increase blood glucose level

C  No effect on blood glucose level

A  ribosomes

B  lysosomes

C  peroxisomes

D  mitochondria

E  endosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Nucleotides

B  Cholesterol

C  Monosaccharides

D  Amino acids

E  Phospholipids

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

A  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

B  Providing genetic information

C  Generating ATP

D  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

E  Storing calcium ions

A  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

B  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

C  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

D  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

E  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is covalent.

B  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It is ionized.

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  are nonspecific.

E  may open in response to binding a ligand.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Dividing by mitosis

B  Making ATP

C  Breaking down carbohydrates

D  Manufacturing ribosomes

E  Synthesizing lipids

A  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

B  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It includes actin filaments.

E  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

A  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

B  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

C  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

D  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

E  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

A  Endosomes

B  Peroxisomes

C  Ribosomes

D  Mitochondria

E  Lysosomes

A  Primary

B  Quaternary

C  Tertiary

D  Secondary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

C  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cation

B  A new element

C  A free radical

D  An anion

E  A covalent molecule

A  unipolar.

B  amphipathic.

C  hydrophilic.

D  hydrophobic.

E  bipolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Phagocytosis

B  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

C  Active transport

D  Hydrosmosis

E  Pinocytosis

A  It will swell in size.

B  It will stay the same size.

C  It will shrink in size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

A  8

B  6

C  1

D  2

E  4

A  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

B  Ionic bonds

C  Hydrogen bonds

D  Van der Waals forces

E  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  They have different number of energy shells

B  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

C  They have different numbers of neutrons.

D  They have different numbers of electrons.

E  They have different numbers of protons.

A  Lipid molecules

B  Solutes

C  Glucose

D  Water

E  Charged particles