Lecture Exam 1

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  diffusion using a pump.

B  diffusion through a channel.

C  simple diffusion.

D  active transport.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  2 molecules of pyruvate and 36 molecules of ATP

B  2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water

C  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of lactate, and 2 ATP

D  2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of water, and 2 molecules of lactate

E  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of water, and 2 NADH

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

E  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

A  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

B  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

C  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

D  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

E  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

A  Krebs cycle

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Glycolysis

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Simple diffusion

B  Primary active transport

C  Facilitated diffusion

D  Secondary active transport

E  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  100 mM NaCl

B  100 mM MgCl 2

C  200 mM NaCl

D  400 mM urea

E  300 mM glucose

A  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

B  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

C  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

D  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

E  take place only when no oxygen is present.

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  Increase blood glucose level

A  ribosomes

B  lysosomes

C  mitochondria

D  endosomes

E  peroxisomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Amino acids

B  Cholesterol

C  Phospholipids

D  Monosaccharides

E  Nucleotides

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

A  Storing calcium ions

B  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

C  Generating ATP

D  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

E  Providing genetic information

A  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

B  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

C  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

D  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

E  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

C  It is ionized.

D  It is covalent.

A  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

D  are nonspecific.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Making ATP

B  Breaking down carbohydrates

C  Manufacturing ribosomes

D  Synthesizing lipids

E  Dividing by mitosis

A  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

B  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

B  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

C  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

D  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

E  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

A  Endosomes

B  Ribosomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Peroxisomes

E  Lysosomes

A  Quaternary

B  Tertiary

C  Primary

D  Secondary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X will diffuse faster.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A cation

B  An anion

C  A new element

D  A covalent molecule

E  A free radical

A  bipolar.

B  hydrophobic.

C  hydrophilic.

D  amphipathic.

E  unipolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Hydrosmosis

B  Phagocytosis

C  Active transport

D  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

E  Pinocytosis

A  It will swell in size.

B  It will stay the same size.

C  It will shrink in size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

A  2

B  6

C  4

D  8

E  1

A  Hydrogen bonds

B  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

C  Ionic bonds

D  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

E  Van der Waals forces

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  They have different number of energy shells

B  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

C  They have different numbers of neutrons.

D  They have different numbers of electrons.

E  They have different numbers of protons.

A  Solutes

B  Water

C  Charged particles

D  Lipid molecules

E  Glucose