Midterm Exam

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Question #1

Infant day care is of high quality if caregivers emphasize, among other things:,,

A each infant having his or her own playpen.

B sensorimotor exploration.

C a variety of caregivers every day.

D a regular nap and quiet time for all infants.

Question #2

Six month old Sarah sucks harder on a nipple, evidences a change in heart rate, or stares longer at one image than at another when presented with a change of stimulus. This indicates that she:,Six month old Sarah sucks harder on a nipple, evidences a change in heart rate, or stares longer at one image than at another when presented with a change of stimulus. This indicates that she:,

A perceives some differences between stimuli.

B is both hungry and angry.

C is annoyed by the change.

D has become habituated to the new stimulus.

Question #3

Most of the nerve cells a human brain will ever need are present:

A at conception.

B at birth.

C about one month following conception.

D at age 5 or 6.

Question #4

Three week old Nathan should have the least difficulty focusing on the sight of:

A the family dog as it dashes into the nursery.

B stuffed animals on a bookshelf across the room from his crib.

C the checkerboard pattern in the wallpaper covering the ceiling of his room.

D his mother’s face as she holds him in her arms.

Question #5

Anna’s pediatrician informs her parents that Anna’s one year old brain is exhibiting transient exuberance. In response to this news, Anna’s parents;

A smile, because they knoe their daughter’s brain is developing new neural connections.

B worry, because this may indicate increased vulnerability to a later learning disability.

C know that this process, in which axons become coated, is normal.

D are alarmed, because this news indicates that the frontal lobe area of Anna’s cortex is immature.

Question #6

When nutrition is temporary inadequate, the body stops growing but the brain does not. This is called:

A head-sparing.

B stunting.

C marasmus.

D wasting.

Question #7

When we revamp our old ways of thinking because of new information, Piaget calls this

A assimilation.

B imitation.

C historical context.

D accommodation

Question #8

When a baby is upset because a caregiver is leaving, the baby is exhibiting:

A solitary fear.

B separation anxiety.

C general anxiety.

D fear of isolation.

Question #9

The text indicates that one of the possible reasons that growing infants sleep as much as they do is that:

A sleep is the only time when memories can be consolidated into permanency

B more growth hormones are released during sleep than during wakefullnes

C their parasymphathetic nervous system develops with the help of sleep neurotransmitters

D they are generating new leukocytes to fight infection during that time

Question #10

The second “crisis of life,” according to Erikson, is:

A trust vs. mistrust.

B autonomy vs. shame and doubt.

C industry vs. inferiority.

D the oral stage.

Question #11

The process by which underused neurons are inactivated is known as:

A plasticity.

B pruning.

C neuron deactivation.

D transient exuberance.

Question #12

The Piagetian sensorimotor stage, new means through active experimentation is in:

A stage five.

B stage three.

C stage six.

D stage four.

Question #13

The nerve cells of the brain are called:

A neurons

B dendrites

C the cortex

D axon

Question #14

The frontal areas of the cortex:

A are well developed in newborns.

B assist with self control

C help us understand spoken words

D are responsible for visual functions

Question #15

The biological protection of the brain when malnutrition temporarily affects body growth is known as:

A brain overrride

B the blood brain barrier

C cephalo-sequential primary default

D head sparing

Question #16

The average child can walk well unassisted at about:

A 6 months

B 1 year

C 2 years

D 18 months

Question #17

The area in the brain that plans, anticipates, and controls impulses is the last part of the brain mature. This area is:

A the striate cortex

B the parietal cortex

C the prefrontal cortex

D the temporal cortex

Question #18

Sensation is demonstrated when a person:

A understands what someone is telling him

B solves a math problem correctly

C is able to hear someone whispering

D believes that two pizzas are the same size, regardless of the number of slices

Question #19

Secure attachment makes a toddler:

A self-centered.

B try to talk.

C willing to explore.

D cling to the mother.

Question #20

Piaget called the active intellectual functioning of infants:

A adaptation.

B object awareness.

C sensorimotor intelligence.

D imitative learning.

Question #21

Jan’s mother calls him “high strung” because he is disturbed by even the slightest noise, is very hard to distract, and extremely fussy. The New York Longitudinal Study would call him:

A difficult.

B an extrovert.

C hard to classify.

D slow to warm up.

Question #22

In Erikson’s theory, the infant’s earliest task is described as that of:

A learning pain and pleasure.

B obtaining oral gratification.

C controlling bodily functions.

D learning trust or mistrust.

Question #23

If we place a dot of rouge on an 18 month old’s nose and stand the child in front of a mirror, she may then touch her nose. This shows that the child has some:

A perceptual constancy.

B dynamic perception.

C self awareness.

D social referencing.

Question #24

Hugh enjoys playing with your keys. When you take them away and place them in your pocket, Hugh does not search for them. Piaget would say that Hugh does not understand:

A conservation.

B object permanence

C egocentrism.

D affordances.

Question #25

During the sensorimotor stage, the main task is to:

A think of past and future events.

B use senses and motor skills to understand the world.

C learn to use language to express sensations.

D think logically and critically.

Question #26

Children reach half their adult height by age:

A 6 years

B 4 years

C 2 years

D 3 years

Question #27

Breast milk:

A is deficient in iron and vitamin C.

B is more likely than formula to produce alleries.

C upsets the baby’s digestive system more often than formulas.

D provides more iron and vitaminC and A than cow’s milk.

Question #28

Brain weight triples in the first two years of life primarily because of the growth of:

A dendrites

B neurons

C axons

D synapses

Question #29

Babbling:

A is universal.

B occurs only if the infant can hear.

C is found only in infants from the Western Hemisphere.

D precedes cooing.

Question #30

An increased level of cortisol is associated with an infant’s:

A anger.

B sadness.

C well being.

D secure attachment.

Question #31

An awareness of things—responding to people and objects

A stage four of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage.

B stage one of Piaget’s sensorimotor stages.

C stage three of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage

D stage two of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage.

Question #32

According to psychoanalytic theory, the prime focus of pleasure in early infancy is:

A the mouth.

B the anus.

C the hands and feet.

D the stomach.

Question #33

According to Piaget, the stage-five infant is like:

A mime who imitates behavior of all kind.

B scientist who experiments to see.

C child in terrible twos.

D neurotic who cannot take no for an answer.

Question #34

According to Jean Piaget, the two elements of adaptation are:

A object permanence and circular reactions.

B assimilation and accommodation.

C mental combinations and trial and error.

D goal- directed behavior and habituation.

Question #35

According to Chomsky’s theory of language acquisition:

A the inability to learn language is due to specific brain dysfunctions.

B children learn language through a complex process of imitation and reinforcement.

C children have an inborn ability to learn language.

D language learning depends on specific structure in the brain.

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