Midterm Exam

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Question #1

Infant day care is of high quality if caregivers emphasize, among other things:,,

A a regular nap and quiet time for all infants.

B each infant having his or her own playpen.

C a variety of caregivers every day.

D sensorimotor exploration.

Question #2

Six month old Sarah sucks harder on a nipple, evidences a change in heart rate, or stares longer at one image than at another when presented with a change of stimulus. This indicates that she:,Six month old Sarah sucks harder on a nipple, evidences a change in heart rate, or stares longer at one image than at another when presented with a change of stimulus. This indicates that she:,

A is annoyed by the change.

B has become habituated to the new stimulus.

C is both hungry and angry.

D perceives some differences between stimuli.

Question #3

Most of the nerve cells a human brain will ever need are present:

A at conception.

B at birth.

C at age 5 or 6.

D about one month following conception.

Question #4

Three week old Nathan should have the least difficulty focusing on the sight of:

A stuffed animals on a bookshelf across the room from his crib.

B his mother’s face as she holds him in her arms.

C the checkerboard pattern in the wallpaper covering the ceiling of his room.

D the family dog as it dashes into the nursery.

Question #5

Anna’s pediatrician informs her parents that Anna’s one year old brain is exhibiting transient exuberance. In response to this news, Anna’s parents;

A are alarmed, because this news indicates that the frontal lobe area of Anna’s cortex is immature.

B worry, because this may indicate increased vulnerability to a later learning disability.

C know that this process, in which axons become coated, is normal.

D smile, because they knoe their daughter’s brain is developing new neural connections.

Question #6

When nutrition is temporary inadequate, the body stops growing but the brain does not. This is called:

A wasting.

B head-sparing.

C stunting.

D marasmus.

Question #7

When we revamp our old ways of thinking because of new information, Piaget calls this

A imitation.

B assimilation.

C accommodation

D historical context.

Question #8

When a baby is upset because a caregiver is leaving, the baby is exhibiting:

A general anxiety.

B fear of isolation.

C solitary fear.

D separation anxiety.

Question #9

The text indicates that one of the possible reasons that growing infants sleep as much as they do is that:

A sleep is the only time when memories can be consolidated into permanency

B their parasymphathetic nervous system develops with the help of sleep neurotransmitters

C they are generating new leukocytes to fight infection during that time

D more growth hormones are released during sleep than during wakefullnes

Question #10

The second “crisis of life,” according to Erikson, is:

A trust vs. mistrust.

B autonomy vs. shame and doubt.

C industry vs. inferiority.

D the oral stage.

Question #11

The process by which underused neurons are inactivated is known as:

A plasticity.

B neuron deactivation.

C pruning.

D transient exuberance.

Question #12

The Piagetian sensorimotor stage, new means through active experimentation is in:

A stage three.

B stage five.

C stage six.

D stage four.

Question #13

The nerve cells of the brain are called:

A dendrites

B axon

C neurons

D the cortex

Question #14

The frontal areas of the cortex:

A help us understand spoken words

B are responsible for visual functions

C are well developed in newborns.

D assist with self control

Question #15

The biological protection of the brain when malnutrition temporarily affects body growth is known as:

A the blood brain barrier

B brain overrride

C head sparing

D cephalo-sequential primary default

Question #16

The average child can walk well unassisted at about:

A 2 years

B 6 months

C 1 year

D 18 months

Question #17

The area in the brain that plans, anticipates, and controls impulses is the last part of the brain mature. This area is:

A the temporal cortex

B the parietal cortex

C the prefrontal cortex

D the striate cortex

Question #18

Sensation is demonstrated when a person:

A believes that two pizzas are the same size, regardless of the number of slices

B understands what someone is telling him

C solves a math problem correctly

D is able to hear someone whispering

Question #19

Secure attachment makes a toddler:

A willing to explore.

B cling to the mother.

C try to talk.

D self-centered.

Question #20

Piaget called the active intellectual functioning of infants:

A object awareness.

B imitative learning.

C adaptation.

D sensorimotor intelligence.

Question #21

Jan’s mother calls him “high strung” because he is disturbed by even the slightest noise, is very hard to distract, and extremely fussy. The New York Longitudinal Study would call him:

A slow to warm up.

B an extrovert.

C difficult.

D hard to classify.

Question #22

In Erikson’s theory, the infant’s earliest task is described as that of:

A learning pain and pleasure.

B controlling bodily functions.

C obtaining oral gratification.

D learning trust or mistrust.

Question #23

If we place a dot of rouge on an 18 month old’s nose and stand the child in front of a mirror, she may then touch her nose. This shows that the child has some:

A self awareness.

B dynamic perception.

C social referencing.

D perceptual constancy.

Question #24

Hugh enjoys playing with your keys. When you take them away and place them in your pocket, Hugh does not search for them. Piaget would say that Hugh does not understand:

A object permanence

B egocentrism.

C affordances.

D conservation.

Question #25

During the sensorimotor stage, the main task is to:

A use senses and motor skills to understand the world.

B learn to use language to express sensations.

C think of past and future events.

D think logically and critically.

Question #26

Children reach half their adult height by age:

A 4 years

B 6 years

C 3 years

D 2 years

Question #27

Breast milk:

A upsets the baby’s digestive system more often than formulas.

B is more likely than formula to produce alleries.

C provides more iron and vitaminC and A than cow’s milk.

D is deficient in iron and vitamin C.

Question #28

Brain weight triples in the first two years of life primarily because of the growth of:

A axons

B neurons

C synapses

D dendrites

Question #29

Babbling:

A occurs only if the infant can hear.

B is universal.

C is found only in infants from the Western Hemisphere.

D precedes cooing.

Question #30

An increased level of cortisol is associated with an infant’s:

A well being.

B sadness.

C anger.

D secure attachment.

Question #31

An awareness of things—responding to people and objects

A stage four of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage.

B stage two of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage.

C stage three of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage

D stage one of Piaget’s sensorimotor stages.

Question #32

According to psychoanalytic theory, the prime focus of pleasure in early infancy is:

A the hands and feet.

B the mouth.

C the stomach.

D the anus.

Question #33

According to Piaget, the stage-five infant is like:

A scientist who experiments to see.

B mime who imitates behavior of all kind.

C neurotic who cannot take no for an answer.

D child in terrible twos.

Question #34

According to Jean Piaget, the two elements of adaptation are:

A assimilation and accommodation.

B object permanence and circular reactions.

C mental combinations and trial and error.

D goal- directed behavior and habituation.

Question #35

According to Chomsky’s theory of language acquisition:

A children have an inborn ability to learn language.

B children learn language through a complex process of imitation and reinforcement.

C the inability to learn language is due to specific brain dysfunctions.

D language learning depends on specific structure in the brain.

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