Exam 4

A  an expelled shell of gas

B  a planet atmosphere

C  a small black hole

D  an exploding white dwarf

A  carbon & oxygen

B  iron

C  silica & sulphur

D  deuterium & tritium

E  helium

A  ignition

B  supernova explosions

C  gravity

D  gas & dust

A  dust

B  emission

C  absorption

D  reflection

A  spiral arms

B  stellar halo

C  dark matter halo

D  nuclear bulge

A  Supergiant

B  Binary system with a white dwarf

C  Sun-like star

D  the collision of two neutron stars or two black holes

A  the collision of two neutron stars or two black holes

B  Sun-like star

C  Binary system with a white dwarf

D  Supergiant

A  the collision of two neutron stars or two black holes

B  Supergiant

C  Binary system with a white dwarf

D  Sun-like star

A  Supergiant

B  the collision of two neutron stars or two black holes

C  Binary system with a white dwarf

D  Sun-like star

A  Binary system with a white dwarf

B  Supergiant

C  the collision of two neutron stars or two black holes

D  Sun-like star

A  the collision of two neutron stars or two black holes

B  Sun-like star

C  Binary system with a white dwarf

D  Supergiant

A  Binary system with a white dwarf

B  Supergiant

C  the collision of two neutron stars or two black holes

D  Sun-like star

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Venus

B  Mars

C  Earth

D  Uranus

A  the distance of the galaxy from the Milky Way Galaxy.

B  the total mass of the galaxy.

C  the diminished brightness of starlight in the galaxy core, relative to surrounding areas.

D  the color of the galaxy.

E  the speeds of the stars near the core.

A  the Universe is expanding in a exponential fashion, accelerating faster and faster.

B  collapsing very slowly.

C  the Universe is expanding in a linear fashion with constant speed.

D  maintaining the same size.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  117,000,000 years

B  1,170,000 years

C  11,700,000 light years

D  11,700,000 years

A  Super-clusters expand outward from a Big Bang source.

B  Super-clusters are uniform & homogeneous across the universe.

C  Filaments of galaxies surround voids that have no or very few galaxies inside.

D  Each cluster of galaxies is the same size.

A  Astronomers can learn about the evolution of galaxies with images of the same galaxies taken by Edwin Hubble in the early 20th century.

B  Our Milky Way Galaxy and the Andromeda Galaxy are likely to form an elliptical galaxy at some time in the future.

C  At least some galaxies formed from the joining together (merging) of small groups of stars.

D  In the past, there existed a population of small, blue, irregular galaxies that have either merged together or faded from view.

E  Most elliptical galaxies formed within the first few billion years after the big bang.

A  gravitational funnel

B  Roche Limit

C  center of mass

D  Roche Lobe

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Venus

B  Uranus

C  Io

D  Triton

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Despite the expansion of the Universe, pairs of galaxies can still sometimes move toward each other and even merge together.

B  Hubble’s law alone implies that as the distance of a particular galaxy increases with time, it moves away from us progressively faster; in other words, it’s accelerating away from us.

C  Hubble’s law can be used to determine the lookback times of distant galaxies – that is, how far back in time we are seeing them.

D  If Galaxies Luke and Yoda both satisfy Hubble’s law, and Galaxy Luke’s distance is three times Galaxy Yoda’s distance, then Galaxy Luke is moving away from us three times faster than Galaxy Yoda.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  spiral

B  lenticular

C  dwarf

D  irregular

E  elliptical

A  neighboring giant

B  supernovae

C  outer shells of gas

D  passing nebulae (cocoon)

E  nearby main sequence cluster stars

A  1/16

B  4

C  1/4

D  1

E  16

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Emission nebulae are mostly found in spiral arms.

B  Clouds of gas and dust are mostly found in spiral arms.

C  Spiral arms consist mostly of dark matter.

D  Spiral arms are usually the most prominent features in the disk.

E  Spiral arms contain most of the hot, young, massive stars.

A  HI regions

B  HIII regions

C  Type Ia regions

D  HII regions

A  It has one electron, so it is not an ion.

B  It is an isotope of hydrogen.

C  It has one more proton than an average hydrogen atom.

D  It has one neutron and one proton.

A  the Galactic bulge.

B  giant molecular clouds in spiral arms.

C  globular star clusters.

D  the central supermassive black hole.

E  the Galactic halo.

A  the core remains about the same size, but heats up as fusion of helium to carbon begins immediately after the hydrogen fuel is gone.

B  the core expands and thus heats up.

C  the core expands and thus cools down.

D  the core contracts and thus cools down.

E  the core contracts and thus heats up.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  5.6 x 107
1.2 x 10-1

B  5.6 x 107
1.2 x 101

C  5.6 x 108
1.2 x 101

D  5.6 x 108
1.2 x 10-1

A  dust and gas

B  a captured galaxy

C  one black hole

D  a Blue Supergiant

A  sun-like stars

B  Cepheid variables

C  white dwarfs

D  red supergiants

E  super massive black holes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Identify an accretion disk emitting x-rays.

B  All of these answers would work.

C  Find star(s) orbiting a blank spot.

D  Find an astrometric binary with a massive companion.

A  lenticular

B  dwarf

C  irregular

D  elliptical

E  spiral

A  dust grains in molecular clouds.

B  electrons in hydrogen atoms jumping from the third to the second energy levels.

C  the atomic hydrogen spin-flip transition.

D  carbon monoxide (CO) molecules.

E  the rotation of hydrogen molecules.

A  dark energy

B  none of these

C  dark matter

D  stars, protons, neutrons, electrons

A  are the end states only of stars whose initial mass if much greater than that of the Sun.

B  consist largely of uranium and other very heavy elements.

C  support themselves against the pull of gravity in the same way as normal stars link the Sun, using the pressure exerted by hot gases within them.

D  shine only while nuclear reactions continue within them.

E  consist largely of carbon and oxygen.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is difficult to see the central regions of our Galaxy in optical (visible) light because intervening dust absorbs and scatters light.

B  Rapid motions of stars near the center suggest that it harbors a black hole, millions of times the mass of our Sun.

C  New stars generally form in the spiral arms.

D  Globular star clusters reside in the halo and contain main-sequence stars spanning all spectral types, from O through M.

E  Nebulae such as the Orion Nebula are stellar nurseries – regions where new stars are forming, or recently formed.

A  white dwarf

B  supernova

C  neutron star

D  black hole

A  a neutron star’s magnetic field becomes strong enough to produce two oppositely directed jets of rapidly moving particles.

B  a red-giant star ejects a planetary nebula.

C  two neutron stars merge, forming a more massive neutron star.

D  an extremely massive star collapses, and also ejects its outer atmosphere.

E  matter accreted from a companion star unstably ignites on the surface of a white dwarf