Module 1 Exam

A  cohort effect

B  selective survival

C  selective sampling

D  attrition

A  time of measurement effect

B  cohort effect

C  gender effect

D  age effect

A  dependent; independent

B  quasi-experimental; correlational

C  independent; dependent

D  correlational; quasi-experimental

A  quasi-experimental research

B  longitudinal research

C  cross-sectional research

D  ethnographic research

A  theory

B  experiment

C  quasi-experiment

D  correlation

A  a semi-reliable design

B  a quasi-experimental design

C  a cross-sectional design

D  a longitudinal design

A  Standardization; variance from the mean

B  Variance from the mean; standardization

C  Reliability; validity

D  Validity; reliability

A  informed consent; debriefing

B  internally measured; externally measured

C  non-numerical; numerical

D  reliable; valid

A  Personal information will not be shared with anyone outside the immediate research group and any results from the research will not identify any of the participants by name.

B  Subjects are told what the purposes of the study are, what participation in the study involves, what risks (if any) are involved in participating, and what the person can expect to receive in return for participation.

C  They are usually comprised of people who have research experience themselves and therefore have experience that enables them to judge whether the research being proposed follows reasonable ethical guidelines.

D  Subjects must be told the true purpose of the study and the reason for any deception that may have been part of the study.

A  They are usually comprised of people who have research experience themselves and therefore have experience that enables them to judge whether the research being proposed follows reasonable ethical guidelines.

B  Personal information will not be shared with anyone outside the immediate research group and any results from the research will not identify any of the participants by name.

C  Subjects are told what the purposes of the study are, what participation in the study involves, what risks (if any) are involved in participating, and what the person can expect to receive in return for participation.

D  Subjects must be told the true purpose of the study and the reason for any deception that may have been part of the study.

A  Subjects must be told the true purpose of the study and the reason for any deception that may have been part of the study.

B  Subjects are told what the purposes of the study are, what participation in the study involves, what risks (if any) are involved in participating, and what the person can expect to receive in return for participation.

C  Personal information will not be shared with anyone outside the immediate research group and any results from the research will not identify any of the participants by name.

D  They are usually comprised of people who have research experience themselves and therefore have experience that enables them to judge whether the research being proposed follows reasonable ethical guidelines.

A  Informed consent; debriefing

B  Debriefing; informed consent

C  Confidentiality; reliability

D  Reliability; confidentiality

A  Institutional Review Board

B  Ethical Standard Board

C  Department of Research

D  University Research Sponsorship Department

A  validity

B  reliability

C  generalizability

D  standardization

A  hypothesis

B  population

C  theory

D  variable

A  a statement indicating that participation in the study is voluntary, and that persons may withdraw from participation in the study at any time

B  the way the study is conducted and the data are collected

C  a framework that presents a set of interconnected ideas in an original way and inspires further research

D  a group of people who participate in a research study

A  identify a question to be investigated; form a hypothesis; choose a research method and a research design; collect data to test the hypothesis; and draw conclusions that lead to new questions and hypotheses

B  collect data to test a theory; manipulate variables within a laboratory setting; conduct a statistical analysis of the data; synthesize the results; and publish the findings

C  observe the environment; generate a theory of the phenomenon to be studied; generate possible hypotheses; systematically vary variables; and conduct an experiment

D  generate a conclusion; isolate variables; determine how variables are related to the conclusion; conduct the research study; and published the findings

A  selecting a research method and a research design

B  forming a hypothesis

C  collecting data

D  identifying a question of scientific interest

A  culture is damaging and can be devastating to a young child’s development

B  nearly everyone lives in a very similar culture

C  culture should be factored out to determine what really influences development

D  cultural beliefs are the basis for many other conditions of children’s development

A  mesosystem

B  macrosystem

C  chronosystem

D  exosystem

A  chronosystem

B  mesosystem

C  exosystem

D  macrosystem

A  schools, religious institutions, and the media

B  parents, siblings, peers and friends, and teachers

C  cultural beliefs and values, and economic and governmental systems

D  time and historical change

A  microsystem

B  mesosystem

C  macrosystem

D  exosystem

A  microsystem

B  mesosystem

C  exosystem

D  macrosystem

A  Bronfenbrenner

B  Piaget

C  Freud

D  Erikson

A  critical period

B  fixation

C  sensitivity

D  crisis

A  biological factors were more important in terms of development, and Freud believed that culture was more important

B  development continued throughout the lifespan, and Freud believed that only the early years were important

C  personality was set at birth, while Freud thought that it was completed by age 6

D  sexuality was even more important than Freud did

A  the self, the shadow, the anima

B  real self, fear self, future self

C  id, ego, superego

D  conscious, collective unconscious, subcortical unconscious

A  psychosocial

B  psychocognitive

C  psychobiological

D  psychosexual

A  humanistic psychology

B  psychosocial moratorium

C  behavioral therapy

D  psychoanalysis

A  low-SES; high-SES; low-SES mothers are less likely to receive prenatal care

B  middle-SES; low-SES; middle-SES mothers are more likely to live in rural parts of the country

C  middle-SES; high-SES; middle-SES fathers are more likely to be absent from the family

D  high-SES; low-SES; high-SES mothers are not likely to consume fluoride in their drinking water

A  high; low

B  low; high

C  moderate; low

D  high; moderate

A  education status

B  tax bracket status

C  social class status

D  socioeconomic status

A  majority culture

B  minority culture

C  subcultural groups

D  ethnic populace

A  conventional cultures

B  rural cultures

C  traditional cultures

D  agrarian cultures

A  the wealthy elite

B  most of the population

C  about one fourth of the middle class

D  about half of the middle class

A  90%

B  50%

C  30%

D  70%

A  40%

B  80%

C  60%

D  20%

A  20%

B  60%

C  80%

D  40%

A  developed country

B  individualistic culture

C  developing country

D  collective culture

A  the United States

B  Germany

C  Japan

D  Canada

A  27%, 73%

B  37%, 63%

C  18%, 82%

D  47%, 57%

A  Developing countries

B  Collective cultures

C  Individualistic cultures

D  Developed countries

A  impoverished countries

B  developed countries

C  population-rich countries

D  developing countries

A  increase slowly

B  remain stable in population

C  increase more than developing countries

D  decrease

A  emerging countries

B  developed countries

C  developing countries

D  South American countries

A  births per woman

B  fetuses that were spontaneously aborted

C  conceptions per woman

D  women on fertility drugs

A  globalization

B  small world syndrome

C  social networks

D  the Internet

A  the expression of their phenotype

B  their culture

C  their genetic lineage

D  the strength of their id

A  evolution

B  growth

C  development

D  change