Module 7 Exam

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Question #1

In every religion the determination of the soul’s destiny in the afterlife depends on ____.

A the kind of moral life the person led

B not all religions believe that there is a soul

C the position of the individual within the religion

D the religious status of the individual

Question #2

Erikson proposed that the main crisis of late adulthood is ____.

A ego integrity vs. despair

B ego identity vs. confusion

C trust vs. mistrust

D industry vs. inferiority

Question #3

Death anxiety is ____ in emerging adulthood, then ____ with age and is lowest in ____ adulthood.

A lowest; increases; early

B lowest; increases; middle

C highest; declines; middle

D highest; declines; late

Question #4

Even in early childhood, most children understand that death is ____; however, for most children it is not until middle childhood that they realize that death is ____.

A avoidable; discussable

B inevitable; permanent

C permanent; inevitable

D discussable; avoidable

Question #5

Elizabeth Kübler-Ross proposes that some people travel through five stages of coping when diagnosed with a terminal illness. Which of the following best illustrates the stage of denial?

A “No, it can’t be true. There must be some mistake. Perhaps my test results got mixed up with someone else’s.”

B “There’s no hope. I don’t think we can win. It might be best just to give up the fight.”

C “Let me live, and I promise I’ll dedicate my life to healing others.”

D “Look at all the people who are much worse than me and yet still healthy.”

Question #6

When people accept that the death of a loved one is inevitable and begin to adapt to it emotionally, what is happening?

A acceptance grief

B anticlimactic grief

C adaptation grief

D anticipatory grief

Question #7

____ is the experience of losing a loved one, and ____ is the intense psychological response that often follows.

A Grief; bereavement

B Euthanasia; mortality

C Mortality; euthanasia

D Bereavement; grief

Question #8

A person who is designated to make treatment decisions on behalf of a dying person in the event of incapacitation is ____.

A an advance director

B a patient–doctor liaison

C a health-care lawyer

D a health care proxy

Question #9

Your grandmother did not want medical personnel to attempt to prolong her life if her heart stopped or she stopped breathing. What type of agreement did she have to communicate these wishes?

A a family-structured agreement

B a Do Not Resuscitate provision

C a doctor–patient agreement

D an advance directive

Question #10

Your 91-year-old great-aunt has terminal cancer. You and she have had many conversations regarding what she would want done if she were incapacitated and could not make choices about any additional medical interventions. Because she knew in advance what she wanted to have happen, she created ____.

A a doctor-patient agreement

B a trust fund

C a will

D an advance directive

Question #11

What is the only state in the United States where active euthanasia is legal?

A Massachusetts

B California

C Wisconsin

D Oregon

Question #12

Legislation in the Netherlands, the only developed country that allows assisted suicide, requires that doctors must first satisfy several conditions: the patient must express a desire to terminate his or her life, the patient’s suffering is severe and unlikely to improve, other forms of care have been attempted, and a second doctor must be consulted to insure that these conditions have been met. In an anonymous survey what condition did doctors indicate that they frequently ignored?

A the patient’s suffering is sever and unlikely to improve

B consulting a second physician to insure that the conditions had been met

C the patient expressed a desire to terminate his or her life

D other forms of care have been attempted

Question #13

What are the differences between individuals who provide care for a dying person at home by themselves compared to individuals who also have hospice support? Two years later, caregiving family members who also had hospice care had ____.

A severe feelings of guilt

B considerably more money

C post-traumatic stress

D better psychological functioning

Question #14

____ is when the focus of care is to relieve the patient’s pain and suffering and provide care in a way that allows the person to die with dignity.

A Calming care

B Analgesic care

C Soothing care

D Palliative care

Question #15

Your 32-year-old cousin is dying of terminal cancer. Although his hospital care has been extraordinarily good, his doctors have estimated that he only has two months of life left. All of the medical approaches have been exhausted and your family has decided to pursue what approach in an effort to make sure his emotional and spiritual needs are met, as well as to receive support themselves?

A hospice

B hospital cancer centers

C hospital care

D home nursing care

Question #16

Surveys in (National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, 2008) developed countries have indicated that what percentage of people would prefer to die at home?

A 20–30%

B 40–50%

C 60–70%

D 80–90%

Question #17

Philip was watching a television show in which a doctor promoted reducing caloric intake as a means to increase longevity. The physician stated that if individuals reduced caloric intake by 30 to 50% it might increase one’s lifespan by 50%. As discussed in the text, and related to this scenario, which of the following best describes the topic?

A a calorie Scrooge diet

B a calorie-limited consumption diet

C a calorie miser diet

D a calorie-restricted diet

Question #18

Your roommate is an avid runner. She runs at least 3 miles every day and generally runs 6 to 8 miles on the weekends. Researchers have suggested that people who run are more likely to have free radicals, which can be damaging to cells. The presence of what substance might help to reduce the damaging effects of free radicals?

A antitelemerase

B anticancerous

C antioxidants

D antichromerase

Question #19

As they drift about the cell in their unstable state, ____ cause damage to the DNA and other structures the cell needs to function.

A free radicals

B gratis radicals

C liberated radicals

D rogue radicals

Question #20

____ lie in a part of the cell DNA at the end of chromosomes and are thought to be the location where cells lose their ability to replicate.

A Free radicals

B Atherosclerosis

C Telomeres

D Antioxidants

Question #21

Biologist Leonard Hayflick first discovered that cells can replicate themselves about ____ times before they lose their ability to reproduce.

A 10

B 100

C 50

D 25

Question #22

Which of the following are three factors cited in the text that contribute to heart disease?

A smoking, diabetes, and industrial and environmental pollutants

B obesity, cancer, and working in environments that are high in carcinogens

C diabetes, smoking, and regular exercise

D diets that are high in fats and sugars, smoking, and obesity

Question #23

In developing countries ____ is/are the leading cause of death for children under age 5, whereas in developed countries ____ is/are the leading cause of death.

A abuse; malnutrition

B infectious diseases; accidents

C accidents; infectious diseases

D malnutrition; abuse

Question #24

Which of the following dramatically reduced death rates due to infectious diseases during the 20th century?

A vaccinations, antibiotics, and better sanitation

B access to health care, health insurance, and better trained physicians

C better nutritional foods, vaccinations, and antibiotics

D economic wealth, improvements in medicine, and the automobile

Question #25

Until the past century, people who survived into young adulthood and beyond were nevertheless susceptible to death from infection diseases such as ____.

A diphtheria, swine flu, and smallpox

B smallpox, HIV, and typhus

C mad cow disease, tuberculosis, typhus

D diphtheria, tuberculosis, and smallpox

Question #26

In general, marital satisfaction tends to be the highest during:

A late adulthood.

B young adulthood.

C quarterly adulthood.

D early adulthood.

Question #27

____ facilities have separate apartments for each person, but residents are provided with meals in a common dining area, housekeeping services, transportation for shopping and medical appointments, and social activities; whereas, ____ provide all of these services as well as extensive medical care, and most residents are afflicted with dementia or other serious health problems.

A Assisted living, nursing homes

B Community home, group homes

C Group home, community homes

D Nursing home, assisted living

Question #28

According to Erikson, ego ___ involves looking back on one’s life and accepting the outcome of it; whereas, ego ____ entails regrets and bitterness about the course of one’s life, and a conclusion that it has not gone well and now cannot be changed.

A integrity; despair

B mistrust; inferiority

C inferiority; mistrust

D despair; integrity

Question #29

The majority of research on emotions and the self-concept of individuals in late adulthood have concluded that most individuals have a greater number of:

A positive emotions and experience a more positive self-esteem.

B positive emotions and experience a low self-esteem.

C negative emotions and experience a high self-esteem.

D negative emotions and experience a low self-esteem.

Question #30

According to Baltes and his colleagues, the most successful adaptation to declining physical and cognitive abilities in late adulthood involves ____.

A habituation of one’s self to new environments, dishabituating one’s self to old environments, and creating equilibrium in one’s worldview

B using mental images in cognitive processing, increasing his or her language skills, and nurturing cognitive functioning

C selecting valued activities, optimizing performance in the remaining activities, and compensating for physical and cognitive declines

D increasing one’s cognitive reserve to improve IQ scores by engaging in lifelong learning

Question #31

There is a strong negative association between Alzheimer’s risk and ____.

A number of siblings

B weight

C family income

D educational level

Question #32

Neurons are dying and being generated anew throughout life. What happens in late adulthood?

A There are slightly more neurons being generated to assist with loss of brain functioning.

B There are no changes in the number of neurons being generated.

C Many more neurons are being generated to assist with loss of brain functioning.

D More neurons die than are being generated.

Question #33

In late adulthood the brain ____ and total brain mass ____.

A enlarges; increases

B shrinks; remains the same

C shrinks; declines

D enlarges; remains the same

Question #34

Which of the following are examples of factors that influence secondary aging?

A smoking, exercise, and cognitive stimulation

B neurogenesis, maturation, and cell death

C white blood cells, red blood cells, and capillaries

D decreased estrogen, loss of bone density, and nearsightedness

Question #35

In the course of late adulthood people have increasing difficulty in remembering where they learned something or when an item was first used. What type of memory is this?

A working memory

B autobiographical memory

C source memory

D procedural memory

Question #36

Your grandfather works on the New York Times crossword puzzle every day. He has been very good at solving the puzzle and nearly always does. His ability to remember the meaning of words has shown no decline as he has aged, and really shows very little decline for most older adults. What type of memory is this?

A lexical memory

B episodic memory

C procedural memory

D semantic memory

Question #37

As aging occurs, what happens to people’s ability to concentrate on a task for an extended period of time? In laboratory tests, older and younger adults were presented with a series of stimuli and required to press a key only when they see a particular pattern. Compared to younger adults, how did older adults do on this task? Older adults ____.

A responded more slowly and made more errors

B responded more quickly, but made more errors

C responded more slowly, but made fewer errors

D responded more quickly and made fewer errors

Question #38

As aging occurs, people’s ability to concentrate on a task for an extended period of time ____.

A remains constant

B increases

C declines

D improves

Question #39

Which of the following are three lifestyle practices that are discussed in the text that have a positive influence on health?

A aging gracefully, mental soundness, and physical well-being

B health conscientiousness, a healthy community, and a healthy spirit

C cease smoking, use sunblock, and avoid environmental teratogens

D healthcare and promotion, a healthy diet, and healthy exercise

Question #40

Osteoporosis is a result of a steep ____.

A increase in estrogen and more prevalent in women

B decline in testosterone and more prevalent in men

C decline in estrogen and more prevalent in women

D increase in testosterone and more prevalent in men

Question #41

Which of the following is the most common chronic health problem in late adulthood?

A arthritis

B osteoporosis

C jaundice

D macular degeneration

Question #42

Several aspects of aging in late adulthood contribute to sleep disturbances. For men, what leads to frequent urination and can disrupt sleep?

A shrinkage of the urethra

B enlargement of the prostate gland

C atrophy of the bladder

D slowing of the digestive system

Question #43

In late adulthood, the amount of time spent in Stage 1, the lightest sleep, ____, and time in the deepest sleep of Stage 4 and REM sleep ____.

A decreases; increases

B remains the same; decreases

C increases; decreases

D decreases; remains the same

Question #44

Impairments in taste and smell can sometimes lead to ____.

A malnutrition

B alcoholism

C obesity

D excessive gum chewing

Question #45

In some people, fluid builds up in the eye and the pressure damages the optic nerve, leading to ____, which causes loss of peripheral vision.

A glaucoma

B tetanus

C a cataract

D macular degeneration

Question #46

What is a condition in which there is a progressive thickening of the lens causing vision to become cloudy, opaque, and distorted?

A cataracts

B glaucoma

C macular degeneration

D retinosis pigmentosa

Question #47

Around the world, about how much longer will women at age 65 live longer than men?

A 5 additional years

B 10 additional years

C 20 additional years

D 15 additional years

Question #48

____ is the inevitable biological aging that takes place in all members of the human species, as it takes place in all living organisms, whereas ____ is the decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise, and substance use, as well as environmental influences such as pollution.

A Primary aging; secondary aging

B Vertical aging; tertiary aging

C Secondary aging; primary aging

D Tertiary aging; vertical aging

Question #49

What concept signifies the actual competence and performance of older adults?

A geriatric age

B functional age

C competency age

D chronological age

Question #50

Your 94-year-old great-grandmother is having difficulty with bathing, dressing, food preparation and eating, housekeeping, and paying bills. Your family is considering getting some professional nursing care for her. During the interview with the nursing care provider, the nurse asks what your great-grandmother’s major concerns are. What would you tell the nurse?

A self-care activities

B adult activities

C grooming behavior

D activities of daily living

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