Exam 2

A  ATP

B  CO2

C  H2O

D  O2

A  Electron transport chain

B  Calvin cycle

C  Glycolysis

D  Citric acid cycle

A  Yes, but not quite as much as with oxygen.

B  Yes, but much less than with oxygen.

C  No, oxygen is required to harvest any energy from glucose.

D  Yes, about as much as with oxygen.

A  Glycolysis

B  Fermentation

C  Electron transport chain

D  Citric acid cycle

A  ADP

B  ANP

C  ATP

D  NADP+

A  To produce ATP

B  To produce carbon dioxide

C  To produce sugars

D  To produce oxygen

A  For making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant

B  For cellular respiration to produce ATP

C  For storage

D  All of the other answer options are correct

A  Fermentation

B  Calvin cycle

C  Glycolysis

D  Citric acid cycle

A  It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.

B  It is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

C  It is completely destroyed.

D  It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.

A  It fixes carbon into sugars.

B  It splits ATP molecules.

C  It is the source of electrons.

D  It excites electrons.

A  It is the final electron acceptor.

B  It is a waste product in the light reactions.

C  It is split to form sugar.

D  It is the initial electron releaser.

A  Both Stage 1 (the light reactions) and Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

B  Stage 1 (the light reactions)

C  Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

D  Neither Stage 1 (the light reactions) nor Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

A  ATP

B  CO2

C  Sugar

D  O2

A  When leaves die, the chlorophyll molecules are no longer visible.

B  Cold weather denatures the chlorophyll molecule, and it begins to reflect different colors.

C  The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.

D  The chlorophyll molecule is modified to absorb different wavelengths of light.

A  To produce ATP

B  There is no role, as animals do not have chloroplasts

C  To produce sugars

D  To carry out photosynthesis

A  Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

B  Only photosynthesis

C  Neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration

D  Only cellular respiration

A  To convert kinetic energy into the chemical energy of sugars

B  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into heat to maintain an elevated body temperature

C  To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars

D  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life’s processes

A  A pencil falling from your desk

B  A pencil hitting the ground after falling from your desk

C  A pencil laying on the ground

D  A pencil on your desk

A  expressed only in women or only in men

B  located next to one another

C  typically on the Y chromosome

D  typically on the X chromosome

A  Multiple alleles

B  Polygenic inheritance

C  Incomplete dominance

D  Single-gene traits

A  The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.

B  The expression of one gene has no effect on the expression of another gene.

C  There are two versions of each trait, a dominant and a recessive; the one you get is random.

D  Segregation of homologous chromosomes is random.

A  they can only express the recessive trait

B  they can only express the dominant trait

C  both of their alleles carry the same information

D  their two alleles carry different information

A  are always the same

B  are always different

C  can be the same or can be different

D  originate from the same parent

A  None of the other answer options

B  Both mitosis and meiosis

C  Meiosis

D  Mitosis

A  diploid (2n)

B  diploid (n)

C  haploid (n)

D  haploid (2n)

A  2

B  92

C  23

D  46

A  cloning

B  mitosis

C  meiosis

D  surrogate growth

A  In the middle of plant cell mitosis

B  At the completion of plant cell mitosis

C  At the completion of animal cell mitosis

D  In the middle of animal cell mitosis

A  Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms

B  Sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up

C  Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, sister chromatids split

D  Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves

A  Random fertilization

B  Crossing over

C  Independent assortment

D  All of the other answer options generate genetic variation

A  interphase

B  chromosome duplication

C  mitosis

D  meiosis

A  Genomes

B  Daughter cells

C  Sister chromatids

D  Homologous chromosomes

A  Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.

B  Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism’s complexity, but the amount of DNA matters even more.

C  It depends on the type of cells of the organism.

D  No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.

A  fertilization

B  binary fission

C  mitosis

D  meiosis

A  unique fingerprints

B  unique mRNA sequences

C  unique set of genes

D  unique set of short tandem repeats within DNA

A  Surrogate mother

B  DNA donor

C  It depends on whether it is male or female.

D  Egg donor

A  No, the PCR machine can only copy fragments of DNA.

B  Yes, that is its primary function.

C  There is not enough information provided to answer

D  No, only the genes would be copied.

A  The only source of mutations in cells

B  Errors during DNA replication

C  Chemical factors that can treat cancer

D  Physical or chemical factors that can lead to mutations causing cancer

A  During replication

B  During mitosis

C  During embryonic development

D  During meiosis

A  Yes, since they all make the same proteins

B  No, since they don’t contain the same DNA

C  No, since they don’t all need to make the same proteins

D  Yes, since they all contain the same DNA

A  Bacterial insulin is similar enough to human insulin to serve the same purpose.

B  Typical bacterial insulin is exactly the same as human insulin.

C  The insulin-producing gene of bacteria was altered to have the same base sequence as the human counterpart and now produces the human version of insulin.

D  The gene that produces insulin in humans was inserted into the bacteria where it continues to produce human insulin.

A  Ribosome

B  Amino acids

C  Codons

D  Anticodons

A  CGGTUUTG

B  GCCAUUAC

C  CGGUAAUG

D  CGGTAATG

A  thymine

B  uracil

C  adenine

D  guanine

A  Promoters act as a “start here” signal to help control gene expression

B  All of the other answer options are correct

C  Promoters are regions of DNA that indicates the start of a gene

D  Promoters are regions of DNA where RNA polymerase can bind to start transcription

A  All of the other answer options and more are part of the expanding definition of a gene.

B  A section of DNA that codes for one or more proteins

C  A section of DNA that codes for a portion of a protein

D  A discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides

A  All of the other answer options are correct.

B  One of the bases is different.

C  They each contain a slightly different sugar molecule.

D  DNA is double stranded, and RNA is a single strand.

A  TCCGAAT

B  AGGCTTA

C  CGGATTC

D  ATTCGGA

A  The base

B  The phosphate group

C  The protein

D  The sugar molecule

A  A peptide bond

B  A covalent bond

C  A ionic bond

D  A hydrogen bond