Exam 2

A  O2

B  CO2

C  H2O

D  ATP

A  Glycolysis

B  Citric acid cycle

C  Electron transport chain

D  Calvin cycle

A  Yes, but not quite as much as with oxygen.

B  No, oxygen is required to harvest any energy from glucose.

C  Yes, about as much as with oxygen.

D  Yes, but much less than with oxygen.

A  Fermentation

B  Citric acid cycle

C  Electron transport chain

D  Glycolysis

A  ATP

B  ANP

C  ADP

D  NADP+

A  To produce oxygen

B  To produce sugars

C  To produce carbon dioxide

D  To produce ATP

A  For making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant

B  All of the other answer options are correct

C  For cellular respiration to produce ATP

D  For storage

A  Glycolysis

B  Citric acid cycle

C  Fermentation

D  Calvin cycle

A  It is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

B  It is completely destroyed.

C  It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.

D  It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.

A  It fixes carbon into sugars.

B  It splits ATP molecules.

C  It excites electrons.

D  It is the source of electrons.

A  It is the initial electron releaser.

B  It is a waste product in the light reactions.

C  It is split to form sugar.

D  It is the final electron acceptor.

A  Stage 1 (the light reactions)

B  Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

C  Both Stage 1 (the light reactions) and Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

D  Neither Stage 1 (the light reactions) nor Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

A  ATP

B  Sugar

C  CO2

D  O2

A  The chlorophyll molecule is modified to absorb different wavelengths of light.

B  When leaves die, the chlorophyll molecules are no longer visible.

C  The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.

D  Cold weather denatures the chlorophyll molecule, and it begins to reflect different colors.

A  To carry out photosynthesis

B  There is no role, as animals do not have chloroplasts

C  To produce sugars

D  To produce ATP

A  Only cellular respiration

B  Only photosynthesis

C  Neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration

D  Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

A  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into heat to maintain an elevated body temperature

B  To convert kinetic energy into the chemical energy of sugars

C  To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars

D  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life’s processes

A  A pencil hitting the ground after falling from your desk

B  A pencil falling from your desk

C  A pencil laying on the ground

D  A pencil on your desk

A  expressed only in women or only in men

B  typically on the X chromosome

C  typically on the Y chromosome

D  located next to one another

A  Polygenic inheritance

B  Incomplete dominance

C  Single-gene traits

D  Multiple alleles

A  There are two versions of each trait, a dominant and a recessive; the one you get is random.

B  Segregation of homologous chromosomes is random.

C  The expression of one gene has no effect on the expression of another gene.

D  The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.

A  they can only express the recessive trait

B  their two alleles carry different information

C  both of their alleles carry the same information

D  they can only express the dominant trait

A  are always different

B  are always the same

C  originate from the same parent

D  can be the same or can be different

A  Mitosis

B  Meiosis

C  None of the other answer options

D  Both mitosis and meiosis

A  diploid (2n)

B  haploid (n)

C  diploid (n)

D  haploid (2n)

A  92

B  23

C  2

D  46

A  mitosis

B  meiosis

C  surrogate growth

D  cloning

A  In the middle of plant cell mitosis

B  At the completion of plant cell mitosis

C  At the completion of animal cell mitosis

D  In the middle of animal cell mitosis

A  Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves

B  Sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up

C  Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, sister chromatids split

D  Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms

A  Random fertilization

B  All of the other answer options generate genetic variation

C  Crossing over

D  Independent assortment

A  interphase

B  meiosis

C  mitosis

D  chromosome duplication

A  Sister chromatids

B  Daughter cells

C  Homologous chromosomes

D  Genomes

A  Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.

B  No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.

C  Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism’s complexity, but the amount of DNA matters even more.

D  It depends on the type of cells of the organism.

A  binary fission

B  mitosis

C  fertilization

D  meiosis

A  unique fingerprints

B  unique mRNA sequences

C  unique set of short tandem repeats within DNA

D  unique set of genes

A  DNA donor

B  It depends on whether it is male or female.

C  Surrogate mother

D  Egg donor

A  No, only the genes would be copied.

B  Yes, that is its primary function.

C  There is not enough information provided to answer

D  No, the PCR machine can only copy fragments of DNA.

A  The only source of mutations in cells

B  Errors during DNA replication

C  Physical or chemical factors that can lead to mutations causing cancer

D  Chemical factors that can treat cancer

A  During mitosis

B  During replication

C  During embryonic development

D  During meiosis

A  No, since they don’t contain the same DNA

B  Yes, since they all contain the same DNA

C  No, since they don’t all need to make the same proteins

D  Yes, since they all make the same proteins

A  Typical bacterial insulin is exactly the same as human insulin.

B  The gene that produces insulin in humans was inserted into the bacteria where it continues to produce human insulin.

C  The insulin-producing gene of bacteria was altered to have the same base sequence as the human counterpart and now produces the human version of insulin.

D  Bacterial insulin is similar enough to human insulin to serve the same purpose.

A  Codons

B  Amino acids

C  Ribosome

D  Anticodons

A  GCCAUUAC

B  CGGTUUTG

C  CGGTAATG

D  CGGUAAUG

A  thymine

B  uracil

C  guanine

D  adenine

A  Promoters act as a “start here” signal to help control gene expression

B  Promoters are regions of DNA where RNA polymerase can bind to start transcription

C  All of the other answer options are correct

D  Promoters are regions of DNA that indicates the start of a gene

A  A section of DNA that codes for one or more proteins

B  A discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides

C  All of the other answer options and more are part of the expanding definition of a gene.

D  A section of DNA that codes for a portion of a protein

A  DNA is double stranded, and RNA is a single strand.

B  They each contain a slightly different sugar molecule.

C  All of the other answer options are correct.

D  One of the bases is different.

A  AGGCTTA

B  ATTCGGA

C  CGGATTC

D  TCCGAAT

A  The protein

B  The sugar molecule

C  The phosphate group

D  The base

A  A peptide bond

B  A ionic bond

C  A hydrogen bond

D  A covalent bond