Exam 2

A  ATP

B  O2

C  H2O

D  CO2

A  Glycolysis

B  Electron transport chain

C  Calvin cycle

D  Citric acid cycle

A  Yes, but not quite as much as with oxygen.

B  Yes, but much less than with oxygen.

C  Yes, about as much as with oxygen.

D  No, oxygen is required to harvest any energy from glucose.

A  Glycolysis

B  Citric acid cycle

C  Electron transport chain

D  Fermentation

A  ATP

B  ADP

C  ANP

D  NADP+

A  To produce ATP

B  To produce sugars

C  To produce carbon dioxide

D  To produce oxygen

A  For storage

B  For cellular respiration to produce ATP

C  For making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant

D  All of the other answer options are correct

A  Calvin cycle

B  Glycolysis

C  Fermentation

D  Citric acid cycle

A  It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.

B  It is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

C  It is completely destroyed.

D  It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.

A  It excites electrons.

B  It is the source of electrons.

C  It fixes carbon into sugars.

D  It splits ATP molecules.

A  It is split to form sugar.

B  It is the final electron acceptor.

C  It is a waste product in the light reactions.

D  It is the initial electron releaser.

A  Both Stage 1 (the light reactions) and Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

B  Stage 1 (the light reactions)

C  Neither Stage 1 (the light reactions) nor Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

D  Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

A  Sugar

B  CO2

C  O2

D  ATP

A  The chlorophyll molecule is modified to absorb different wavelengths of light.

B  Cold weather denatures the chlorophyll molecule, and it begins to reflect different colors.

C  The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.

D  When leaves die, the chlorophyll molecules are no longer visible.

A  There is no role, as animals do not have chloroplasts

B  To produce ATP

C  To carry out photosynthesis

D  To produce sugars

A  Neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration

B  Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

C  Only photosynthesis

D  Only cellular respiration

A  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life’s processes

B  To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars

C  To convert kinetic energy into the chemical energy of sugars

D  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into heat to maintain an elevated body temperature

A  A pencil hitting the ground after falling from your desk

B  A pencil falling from your desk

C  A pencil laying on the ground

D  A pencil on your desk

A  typically on the X chromosome

B  typically on the Y chromosome

C  expressed only in women or only in men

D  located next to one another

A  Single-gene traits

B  Incomplete dominance

C  Multiple alleles

D  Polygenic inheritance

A  The expression of one gene has no effect on the expression of another gene.

B  There are two versions of each trait, a dominant and a recessive; the one you get is random.

C  The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.

D  Segregation of homologous chromosomes is random.

A  both of their alleles carry the same information

B  they can only express the dominant trait

C  their two alleles carry different information

D  they can only express the recessive trait

A  are always the same

B  originate from the same parent

C  can be the same or can be different

D  are always different

A  Mitosis

B  None of the other answer options

C  Meiosis

D  Both mitosis and meiosis

A  haploid (n)

B  haploid (2n)

C  diploid (2n)

D  diploid (n)

A  46

B  2

C  23

D  92

A  surrogate growth

B  cloning

C  mitosis

D  meiosis

A  At the completion of plant cell mitosis

B  At the completion of animal cell mitosis

C  In the middle of animal cell mitosis

D  In the middle of plant cell mitosis

A  Sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up

B  Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves

C  Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, sister chromatids split

D  Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms

A  All of the other answer options generate genetic variation

B  Crossing over

C  Random fertilization

D  Independent assortment

A  chromosome duplication

B  interphase

C  mitosis

D  meiosis

A  Sister chromatids

B  Homologous chromosomes

C  Daughter cells

D  Genomes

A  Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.

B  Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism’s complexity, but the amount of DNA matters even more.

C  It depends on the type of cells of the organism.

D  No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.

A  binary fission

B  fertilization

C  meiosis

D  mitosis

A  unique set of short tandem repeats within DNA

B  unique set of genes

C  unique fingerprints

D  unique mRNA sequences

A  It depends on whether it is male or female.

B  Surrogate mother

C  DNA donor

D  Egg donor

A  There is not enough information provided to answer

B  No, only the genes would be copied.

C  Yes, that is its primary function.

D  No, the PCR machine can only copy fragments of DNA.

A  Errors during DNA replication

B  Chemical factors that can treat cancer

C  Physical or chemical factors that can lead to mutations causing cancer

D  The only source of mutations in cells

A  During replication

B  During embryonic development

C  During meiosis

D  During mitosis

A  Yes, since they all contain the same DNA

B  No, since they don’t contain the same DNA

C  Yes, since they all make the same proteins

D  No, since they don’t all need to make the same proteins

A  The insulin-producing gene of bacteria was altered to have the same base sequence as the human counterpart and now produces the human version of insulin.

B  The gene that produces insulin in humans was inserted into the bacteria where it continues to produce human insulin.

C  Bacterial insulin is similar enough to human insulin to serve the same purpose.

D  Typical bacterial insulin is exactly the same as human insulin.

A  Ribosome

B  Codons

C  Anticodons

D  Amino acids

A  GCCAUUAC

B  CGGTUUTG

C  CGGTAATG

D  CGGUAAUG

A  guanine

B  adenine

C  uracil

D  thymine

A  Promoters are regions of DNA that indicates the start of a gene

B  Promoters act as a “start here” signal to help control gene expression

C  Promoters are regions of DNA where RNA polymerase can bind to start transcription

D  All of the other answer options are correct

A  A discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides

B  All of the other answer options and more are part of the expanding definition of a gene.

C  A section of DNA that codes for one or more proteins

D  A section of DNA that codes for a portion of a protein

A  DNA is double stranded, and RNA is a single strand.

B  They each contain a slightly different sugar molecule.

C  One of the bases is different.

D  All of the other answer options are correct.

A  AGGCTTA

B  CGGATTC

C  ATTCGGA

D  TCCGAAT

A  The protein

B  The phosphate group

C  The base

D  The sugar molecule

A  A peptide bond

B  A hydrogen bond

C  A covalent bond

D  A ionic bond