Exam 2

A  ATP

B  H2O

C  CO2

D  O2

A  Glycolysis

B  Electron transport chain

C  Citric acid cycle

D  Calvin cycle

A  No, oxygen is required to harvest any energy from glucose.

B  Yes, about as much as with oxygen.

C  Yes, but much less than with oxygen.

D  Yes, but not quite as much as with oxygen.

A  Electron transport chain

B  Citric acid cycle

C  Glycolysis

D  Fermentation

A  ADP

B  NADP+

C  ATP

D  ANP

A  To produce sugars

B  To produce oxygen

C  To produce ATP

D  To produce carbon dioxide

A  For storage

B  For cellular respiration to produce ATP

C  All of the other answer options are correct

D  For making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant

A  Citric acid cycle

B  Glycolysis

C  Fermentation

D  Calvin cycle

A  It is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

B  It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.

C  It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.

D  It is completely destroyed.

A  It excites electrons.

B  It fixes carbon into sugars.

C  It is the source of electrons.

D  It splits ATP molecules.

A  It is split to form sugar.

B  It is a waste product in the light reactions.

C  It is the initial electron releaser.

D  It is the final electron acceptor.

A  Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

B  Both Stage 1 (the light reactions) and Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

C  Neither Stage 1 (the light reactions) nor Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

D  Stage 1 (the light reactions)

A  CO2

B  Sugar

C  ATP

D  O2

A  The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.

B  Cold weather denatures the chlorophyll molecule, and it begins to reflect different colors.

C  When leaves die, the chlorophyll molecules are no longer visible.

D  The chlorophyll molecule is modified to absorb different wavelengths of light.

A  To produce sugars

B  To carry out photosynthesis

C  To produce ATP

D  There is no role, as animals do not have chloroplasts

A  Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

B  Only photosynthesis

C  Neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration

D  Only cellular respiration

A  To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars

B  To convert kinetic energy into the chemical energy of sugars

C  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into heat to maintain an elevated body temperature

D  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life’s processes

A  A pencil laying on the ground

B  A pencil hitting the ground after falling from your desk

C  A pencil on your desk

D  A pencil falling from your desk

A  located next to one another

B  typically on the X chromosome

C  expressed only in women or only in men

D  typically on the Y chromosome

A  Multiple alleles

B  Incomplete dominance

C  Polygenic inheritance

D  Single-gene traits

A  Segregation of homologous chromosomes is random.

B  There are two versions of each trait, a dominant and a recessive; the one you get is random.

C  The expression of one gene has no effect on the expression of another gene.

D  The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.

A  both of their alleles carry the same information

B  they can only express the dominant trait

C  they can only express the recessive trait

D  their two alleles carry different information

A  are always different

B  are always the same

C  can be the same or can be different

D  originate from the same parent

A  Both mitosis and meiosis

B  None of the other answer options

C  Mitosis

D  Meiosis

A  diploid (2n)

B  haploid (n)

C  diploid (n)

D  haploid (2n)

A  2

B  23

C  46

D  92

A  meiosis

B  surrogate growth

C  mitosis

D  cloning

A  In the middle of plant cell mitosis

B  At the completion of plant cell mitosis

C  At the completion of animal cell mitosis

D  In the middle of animal cell mitosis

A  Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves

B  Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, sister chromatids split

C  Sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up

D  Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms

A  Random fertilization

B  All of the other answer options generate genetic variation

C  Independent assortment

D  Crossing over

A  chromosome duplication

B  meiosis

C  mitosis

D  interphase

A  Daughter cells

B  Sister chromatids

C  Homologous chromosomes

D  Genomes

A  No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.

B  Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism’s complexity, but the amount of DNA matters even more.

C  Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.

D  It depends on the type of cells of the organism.

A  fertilization

B  binary fission

C  mitosis

D  meiosis

A  unique set of short tandem repeats within DNA

B  unique mRNA sequences

C  unique fingerprints

D  unique set of genes

A  Surrogate mother

B  Egg donor

C  It depends on whether it is male or female.

D  DNA donor

A  No, only the genes would be copied.

B  Yes, that is its primary function.

C  No, the PCR machine can only copy fragments of DNA.

D  There is not enough information provided to answer

A  Errors during DNA replication

B  Chemical factors that can treat cancer

C  Physical or chemical factors that can lead to mutations causing cancer

D  The only source of mutations in cells

A  During replication

B  During embryonic development

C  During meiosis

D  During mitosis

A  No, since they don’t all need to make the same proteins

B  Yes, since they all contain the same DNA

C  Yes, since they all make the same proteins

D  No, since they don’t contain the same DNA

A  Typical bacterial insulin is exactly the same as human insulin.

B  The insulin-producing gene of bacteria was altered to have the same base sequence as the human counterpart and now produces the human version of insulin.

C  Bacterial insulin is similar enough to human insulin to serve the same purpose.

D  The gene that produces insulin in humans was inserted into the bacteria where it continues to produce human insulin.

A  Anticodons

B  Ribosome

C  Amino acids

D  Codons

A  GCCAUUAC

B  CGGTUUTG

C  CGGUAAUG

D  CGGTAATG

A  adenine

B  uracil

C  thymine

D  guanine

A  Promoters are regions of DNA where RNA polymerase can bind to start transcription

B  Promoters act as a “start here” signal to help control gene expression

C  Promoters are regions of DNA that indicates the start of a gene

D  All of the other answer options are correct

A  A discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides

B  A section of DNA that codes for a portion of a protein

C  A section of DNA that codes for one or more proteins

D  All of the other answer options and more are part of the expanding definition of a gene.

A  One of the bases is different.

B  DNA is double stranded, and RNA is a single strand.

C  All of the other answer options are correct.

D  They each contain a slightly different sugar molecule.

A  CGGATTC

B  ATTCGGA

C  AGGCTTA

D  TCCGAAT

A  The sugar molecule

B  The phosphate group

C  The protein

D  The base

A  A ionic bond

B  A covalent bond

C  A hydrogen bond

D  A peptide bond