Exam 1

A  By checking whether the information was peer-reviewed

B  All of the other answer options are ways to check whether a source is reliable

C  By checking whether the authors are well qualified

D  By checking whether the source of information is primary

A  A primary source is the original material published by the scientists, whereas a secondary source is the raw data before scientists publish.

B  A primary source is the raw data before scientists publish, whereas a secondary source is a description of the original material.

C  There is no difference between primary and secondary sources.

D  A primary source is the original material published by the scientists, whereas a secondary source is a description of the original material.

A  This study was not evaluated by other scientists.

B  This study was evaluated by qualified and impartial experts before being published.

C  This study can now be viewed on the Internet.

D  This study was published in a newspaper.

A  Make two batches of cookies, one with bleached flour and one with unbleached flour; twenty tasters try both types without knowing which ones they are eating and rank which type they like best.

B  Make two batches of cookies, one with bleached flour and one with unbleached flour; one taster tries both types and ranks which type they like best.

C  Make two batches of cookies, both with bleached flour; one taster tries both types and ranks which type they like best.

D  Make two batches of cookies, one with bleached flour and one with unbleached flour; twenty tasters try both types and rank which type they like best.

A  Neither the test group nor the researchers know whether the test group is receiving a placebo or the actual treatment until all the data are collected.

B  The test group knows whether they are receiving a placebo or the actual treatment, but the researchers do not know until all the data are collected.

C  The test group knows whether they are receiving a placebo or the actual treatment, and so do the researchers.

D  The test group does not know whether they are receiving a placebo or the actual treatment, but the researchers do.

A  The hypothesis

B  The placebo

C  The controlled experiment

D  The dependent variable

A  The tomato yield at the end of the growing season

B  The fertilizer amount

C  The plant size at the end of the growing season

D  The temperature

A  The fertilizer amount

B  The temperature

C  The plant size at the end of the growing season

D  The tomato yield at the end of the growing season

A  falsifiable

B  All of the other answer options are important characteristics of hypotheses.

C  testable

D  repeatable

A  A proposed explanation for an observed phenomenon

B  A hypothesis that has been supported by a large number of experiments

C  A guess

D  A hypothesis that has been supported by the evidence of one experiment

A  The theory of evolution by natural selection

B  The relationship between structure and function

C  The flow of information from DNA to proteins

D  The transformation of energy and matter

A  is a linear process that must be precisely followed at all times

B  is a rough recipe for answering questions, but the steps need not always need to be performed in the same order

C  is the means by which absolute truth can be uncovered

D  is undertaken only by trained scientists in a controlled laboratory setting

A  Making an observation

B  Developing a hypothesis

C  Making a prediction

D  Carrying out an experiment

A  Skin consists of a single cell type.

B  Skin consists of multiple tissue types that cooperate to perform a specific task.

C  Skin consists of multiple cell types functioning as a single integrated unit.

D  Skin is a vital component of multiple organ systems.

A  species

B  ecosystem

C  population

D  community

A  Biosphere → Community → Population → Tissue → Organ → Cell → Atom → Molecule

B  Ecosystem → Community → Population → Organ → Tissue → Cell → Molecule → Atom

C  Ecosystem → Population → Community → Organ system → Organ → Cell → Molecule → Atom

D  Community → Ecosystem → Population → Tissue → Organ → Cell → Organelle → Atom

A  Yes, it possesses enough of the requirements for life to be considered living.

B  Yes, it possesses all of the requirements for life.

C  No, it does not possess any of the requirements for life.

D  No, it does not possess all of the requirements for life.

A  A cell

B  A molecule

C  An atom

D  An organism

A  in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

B  in the cytoplasm

C  in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

D  in the Golgi apparatus

A  DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins.

B  DNA is the end point of protein production that allows cells to finish making proteins.

C  DNA is not linked to the production of proteins.

D  Proteins hold the instructions on how to make DNA.

A  Nucleus

B  Lysosome

C  Chloroplasts

D  Mitochondria

A  cilium

B  pilus

C  flagellum

D  vesicle

A  An information storage molecule

B  An energy molecule

C  A protein

D  A carbohydrate

A  Golgi apparatus, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum

B  Nucleus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus

C  Nucleus, Golgi apparatus, ribosome

D  Ribosome, Golgi apparatus

A  Translocation

B  Transcription

C  Replication

D  Translation

A  Transcription and translation both occur in the nucleus.

B  Transcription and translation both occur in the cytoplasm.

C  Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, and translation occurs in the nucleus.

D  Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

A  Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located everywhere in the cell.

B  Chromosomes are strands of RNA, loosely wrapped up, that are located everywhere in the cell.

C  Chromosomes are strands of RNA, tightly wrapped up, that are in the cytoplasm.

D  Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located in the nucleus.

A  A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this releases energy.

B  A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this requires energy.

C  A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this releases energy.

D  A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this requires energy.

A  facilitated diffusion

B  hydrosmosis

C  simple diffusion

D  osmosis

A  The plasma membrane

B  The chloroplast

C  The nucleus

D  The cell wall

A  Chloroplast

B  Cell wall

C  Vacuole

D  Mitochondria

A  It is moving.

B  It has a nucleus.

C  It has ribosomes.

D  It has DNA.

A  Scientists do not have any evidence regarding whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells evolved first.

B  Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells evolved at about the same time.

C  Prokaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier (over a billion years) than eukaryotic cells.

D  Eukaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier (over a billion years) than prokaryotic cells.

A  Plasma membrane

B  Plasmids

C  Ribosomes

D  Cell wall

A  Protein bond

B  Polar bond

C  Peptide bond

D  Hydrogen bond

A  lipid

B  protein

C  monomer

D  carbohydrate

A  The reaction will reverse.

B  The reaction will proceed more quickly.

C  The reaction will stop completely.

D  The reaction will proceed more slowly.

A  All of the other answer options might happen

B  The protein can no longer function properly.

C  The protein has a new shape.

D  The amino acid chain folds incorrectly.

A  Saturated fat

B  Unsaturated fat

C  Trans fat

D  Cholesterol

A  True, because high levels of cholesterol lead to obesity.

B  False, because some types cholesterol increase heart disease, but other types are necessary, especially in the plasma membrane.

C  True, because high levels of cholesterol lead to increased heart disease.

D  False, because cholesterol levels are not related to human health.

A  osmotic reactions

B  hydrolysis reactions

C  hydrosynthetic reactions

D  dehydration synthesis reactions

A  Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and sugars

B  Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and sugars

C  Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and enzymes

D  Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

A  acidic

B  alkaline

C  neutral

D  basic

A  Water is very dense in its liquid state, which allows it to bind to different substances as a solvent.

B  Water is a heavy substance, and as such can disrupt pre-existing bonds.

C  Water has a polar nature, and as such its polar molecules will bind to substances that have positive or negative charges.

D  Water is highly cohesive and adhesive, which allows it to bind to different substances as a solvent.

A  ionic

B  covalent

C  nonpolar

D  hydrogen

A  7 neutrons and 7 electrons

B  6 neutrons and 6 electrons

C  6 neutrons and 8 electrons

D  8 neutrons and 6 electrons

A  chemical element

B  chemical properties

C  ion state

D  isotope

A  Carbon

B  Nitrogen

C  Calcium

D  Oxygen

A  The products of a chemical reaction always have the same mass as the reactants.

B  During a chemical reaction, atoms of one element can be converted into a different element.

C  During a chemical reaction, molecules are rearranged.

D  There are chemical reactions close to you right now.

A  C10H8 and 10 CO2

B  12 O2 and 4 H2O

C  10 CO2 and 4 H2O

D  C10H8 and 12 O2