Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  food into chyle.

B  a bolus into chyme.

C  proteins into lipids.

D  foodstuffs into bile.

E  chyle into pepsin.

A  e, b, d, c, a, f

B  b, a, c, d, f, e

C  b, d, c, a, f, e

D  f, c, d, e, a, b

E  e, b, a, c, d, f

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

B  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

C  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

D  secretin; stomach to increase motility

E  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

A  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

B  starch within the stomach.

C  amino acids within the stomach.

D  peptides within the small intestine.

E  disaccharides within the duodenum.

A  mechanoreceptors.

B  osmodetectors.

C  bilireceptors.

D  omental neurons

E  chemoreceptors.

A  Salivary glands

B  Tongue

C  Teeth

D  Pancreas

E  Pharynx

A  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

B  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

C  in the peritoneal cavity.

D  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

E  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

A  oral cavity.

B  pharynx.

C  esophagus.

D  small intestine.

E  stomach.

A  Intraperitoneal ligament

B  Falciform ligament

C  Hepatic ligament

D  Coronary ligament

E  Mesentery proper

A  dentin.

B  enamel.

C  calcium phosphate.

D  cementum.

E  pulp.

A  fossae

B  glossus

C  choana

D  fauces

E  conchae

A  adventitia.

B  mucosa.

C  muscularis interna.

D  submucosa.

E  serosa.

A  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

B  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

C  Esophageal reflux

D  Salivary amylase activity

E  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

A  chemically digesting organ.

B  alimentary canal organ.

C  accessory digestive organ.

D  diffuse ingestive structure.

E  organ of mastication.

A  mucus secretion.

B  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

C  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

D  peristalsis.

E  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

A  papillae.

B  rugae.

C  glossal spines.

D  cilia.

E  tonsils.

A  Hydrochloric acid

B  Bile

C  Gastrin

D  Pancreatic amylase

A  Parietal peritoneum

B  Muscularis mucosa

C  Rectal peritoneum

D  Omental layer

E  Visceral peritoneum

A  low.

B  high.

A  Intestinal glands

B  Simple columnar epithelium

C  Lymphatic nodules

D  Goblet cells

E  Villi

A  Hepatic duct

B  Cystic duct

C  Hepatopancreatic duct

D  Common bile duct

E  Pancreatic duct

A  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

B  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

C  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

D  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

E  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

A  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

B  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

C  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

D  increase surface area in the small intestine.

E  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

A  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

B  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

C  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

D  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

A  Bronchioles

B  Esophagus

C  Pharynx

D  Trachea

E  Alveolar ducts

A  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

B  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

C  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

D  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

A  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

B  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

C  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

D  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

E  expands the rib cage.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It has an esophageal depression.

B  It has a cardiac notch.

C  It has a cardiac impression.

D  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

E  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

A  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

C  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

D  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

A  Between the larynx and the pharynx

B  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

C  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

D  Between the esophagus and the trachea

E  Superior to the larynx

A  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

B  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

C  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

D  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

E  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  flexibility; posterior

B  rigidity; posterior

C  flexibility; anterior

D  rigidity; anterior

A  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

B  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

C  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

D  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

A  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

B  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

C  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

D  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

E  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

A  Phrenic nucleus

B  Dorsal respiratory group

C  Ventral respiratory group

D  Pontine respiratory center

A  calcium and carbon dioxide.

B  iron and albumin.

C  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

D  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

A  b, d, c, a

B  a, c, d, b

C  c, a, d, b

D  d, c, b, a

E  b, a, d, c

A  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

B  The systemic cells

C  The alveoli of the lungs

A  somatic

B  enteric

C  autonomic

A  Trachea

B  Alveoli

C  Bronchi

D  Nasal cavity

E  Larynx

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

B  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

C  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

D  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

E  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

A  Terminal bronchioles

B  Respiratory bronchioles

C  Alveolar sacs

D  Pulmonary alveoli

E  Alveolar ducts

A  directly; directly

B  directly; inversely

C  inversely; directly

D  inversely; inversely

A  The internal air pressure within the trachea

B  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

C  The internal epithelium

D  The surrounding muscles

A  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.