Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  a bolus into chyme.

B  foodstuffs into bile.

C  food into chyle.

D  chyle into pepsin.

E  proteins into lipids.

A  e, b, d, c, a, f

B  b, a, c, d, f, e

C  b, d, c, a, f, e

D  e, b, a, c, d, f

E  f, c, d, e, a, b

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

B  secretin; stomach to increase motility

C  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

D  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

E  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

A  peptides within the small intestine.

B  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

C  amino acids within the stomach.

D  disaccharides within the duodenum.

E  starch within the stomach.

A  bilireceptors.

B  osmodetectors.

C  omental neurons

D  mechanoreceptors.

E  chemoreceptors.

A  Salivary glands

B  Pancreas

C  Pharynx

D  Tongue

E  Teeth

A  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

B  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

C  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

D  in the peritoneal cavity.

E  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

A  small intestine.

B  pharynx.

C  oral cavity.

D  stomach.

E  esophagus.

A  Falciform ligament

B  Intraperitoneal ligament

C  Hepatic ligament

D  Coronary ligament

E  Mesentery proper

A  pulp.

B  dentin.

C  calcium phosphate.

D  enamel.

E  cementum.

A  conchae

B  choana

C  glossus

D  fauces

E  fossae

A  adventitia.

B  submucosa.

C  mucosa.

D  serosa.

E  muscularis interna.

A  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

B  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

C  Esophageal reflux

D  Salivary amylase activity

E  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

A  chemically digesting organ.

B  alimentary canal organ.

C  accessory digestive organ.

D  diffuse ingestive structure.

E  organ of mastication.

A  peristalsis.

B  mucus secretion.

C  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

D  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

E  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

A  papillae.

B  glossal spines.

C  tonsils.

D  cilia.

E  rugae.

A  Hydrochloric acid

B  Bile

C  Gastrin

D  Pancreatic amylase

A  Muscularis mucosa

B  Visceral peritoneum

C  Rectal peritoneum

D  Omental layer

E  Parietal peritoneum

A  low.

B  high.

A  Lymphatic nodules

B  Simple columnar epithelium

C  Villi

D  Goblet cells

E  Intestinal glands

A  Pancreatic duct

B  Cystic duct

C  Hepatopancreatic duct

D  Hepatic duct

E  Common bile duct

A  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

B  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

C  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

D  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

E  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

A  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

B  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

C  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

D  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

E  increase surface area in the small intestine.

A  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

B  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

C  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

D  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

A  Pharynx

B  Esophagus

C  Alveolar ducts

D  Bronchioles

E  Trachea

A  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

B  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

C  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

D  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

A  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

B  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

C  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

D  expands the rib cage.

E  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

B  It has an esophageal depression.

C  It has a cardiac notch.

D  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

E  It has a cardiac impression.

A  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

D  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

A  Between the esophagus and the trachea

B  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

C  Superior to the larynx

D  Between the larynx and the pharynx

E  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

A  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

B  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

C  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

D  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

E  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  rigidity; posterior

B  rigidity; anterior

C  flexibility; posterior

D  flexibility; anterior

A  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

B  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

C  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

D  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

A  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

B  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

C  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

D  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

E  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

A  Dorsal respiratory group

B  Ventral respiratory group

C  Pontine respiratory center

D  Phrenic nucleus

A  iron and albumin.

B  calcium and carbon dioxide.

C  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

D  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

A  b, a, d, c

B  b, d, c, a

C  c, a, d, b

D  d, c, b, a

E  a, c, d, b

A  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

B  The systemic cells

C  The alveoli of the lungs

A  autonomic

B  enteric

C  somatic

A  Alveoli

B  Bronchi

C  Larynx

D  Trachea

E  Nasal cavity

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

B  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

C  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

D  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

E  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

A  Respiratory bronchioles

B  Pulmonary alveoli

C  Alveolar ducts

D  Terminal bronchioles

E  Alveolar sacs

A  directly; inversely

B  inversely; directly

C  directly; directly

D  inversely; inversely

A  The internal air pressure within the trachea

B  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

C  The internal epithelium

D  The surrounding muscles

A  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.