Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  a bolus into chyme.

B  chyle into pepsin.

C  proteins into lipids.

D  foodstuffs into bile.

E  food into chyle.

A  e, b, a, c, d, f

B  b, d, c, a, f, e

C  b, a, c, d, f, e

D  f, c, d, e, a, b

E  e, b, d, c, a, f

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

B  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

C  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

D  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

E  secretin; stomach to increase motility

A  peptides within the small intestine.

B  disaccharides within the duodenum.

C  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

D  amino acids within the stomach.

E  starch within the stomach.

A  osmodetectors.

B  omental neurons

C  bilireceptors.

D  chemoreceptors.

E  mechanoreceptors.

A  Tongue

B  Pharynx

C  Pancreas

D  Teeth

E  Salivary glands

A  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

B  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

C  in the peritoneal cavity.

D  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

E  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

A  stomach.

B  esophagus.

C  oral cavity.

D  small intestine.

E  pharynx.

A  Falciform ligament

B  Coronary ligament

C  Mesentery proper

D  Hepatic ligament

E  Intraperitoneal ligament

A  calcium phosphate.

B  cementum.

C  pulp.

D  enamel.

E  dentin.

A  conchae

B  glossus

C  choana

D  fauces

E  fossae

A  mucosa.

B  adventitia.

C  serosa.

D  submucosa.

E  muscularis interna.

A  Esophageal reflux

B  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

C  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

D  Salivary amylase activity

E  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

A  alimentary canal organ.

B  accessory digestive organ.

C  chemically digesting organ.

D  diffuse ingestive structure.

E  organ of mastication.

A  mucus secretion.

B  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

C  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

D  peristalsis.

E  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

A  cilia.

B  glossal spines.

C  tonsils.

D  papillae.

E  rugae.

A  Bile

B  Pancreatic amylase

C  Gastrin

D  Hydrochloric acid

A  Rectal peritoneum

B  Omental layer

C  Parietal peritoneum

D  Visceral peritoneum

E  Muscularis mucosa

A  low.

B  high.

A  Goblet cells

B  Villi

C  Intestinal glands

D  Simple columnar epithelium

E  Lymphatic nodules

A  Cystic duct

B  Pancreatic duct

C  Hepatopancreatic duct

D  Hepatic duct

E  Common bile duct

A  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

B  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

C  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

D  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

E  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

A  increase surface area in the small intestine.

B  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

C  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

D  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

E  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

A  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

B  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

C  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

D  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

A  Trachea

B  Pharynx

C  Alveolar ducts

D  Bronchioles

E  Esophagus

A  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

B  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

C  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

D  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

A  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

B  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

C  expands the rib cage.

D  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

E  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

B  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

C  It has an esophageal depression.

D  It has a cardiac impression.

E  It has a cardiac notch.

A  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

D  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

A  Between the esophagus and the trachea

B  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

C  Superior to the larynx

D  Between the larynx and the pharynx

E  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

A  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

B  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

C  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

D  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

E  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  rigidity; posterior

B  flexibility; anterior

C  rigidity; anterior

D  flexibility; posterior

A  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

B  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

C  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

D  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

A  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

B  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

C  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

D  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

E  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

A  Phrenic nucleus

B  Dorsal respiratory group

C  Ventral respiratory group

D  Pontine respiratory center

A  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

B  iron and albumin.

C  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

D  calcium and carbon dioxide.

A  d, c, b, a

B  b, a, d, c

C  b, d, c, a

D  a, c, d, b

E  c, a, d, b

A  The systemic cells

B  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

C  The alveoli of the lungs

A  autonomic

B  enteric

C  somatic

A  Nasal cavity

B  Bronchi

C  Larynx

D  Trachea

E  Alveoli

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

B  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

C  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

D  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

E  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

A  Alveolar ducts

B  Pulmonary alveoli

C  Alveolar sacs

D  Terminal bronchioles

E  Respiratory bronchioles

A  inversely; inversely

B  directly; inversely

C  directly; directly

D  inversely; directly

A  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

B  The internal air pressure within the trachea

C  The internal epithelium

D  The surrounding muscles

A  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.