Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  a bolus into chyme.

B  proteins into lipids.

C  foodstuffs into bile.

D  chyle into pepsin.

E  food into chyle.

A  b, a, c, d, f, e

B  e, b, d, c, a, f

C  b, d, c, a, f, e

D  e, b, a, c, d, f

E  f, c, d, e, a, b

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

B  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

C  secretin; stomach to increase motility

D  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

E  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

A  starch within the stomach.

B  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

C  peptides within the small intestine.

D  amino acids within the stomach.

E  disaccharides within the duodenum.

A  osmodetectors.

B  chemoreceptors.

C  omental neurons

D  bilireceptors.

E  mechanoreceptors.

A  Tongue

B  Salivary glands

C  Pancreas

D  Pharynx

E  Teeth

A  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

B  in the peritoneal cavity.

C  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

D  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

E  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

A  esophagus.

B  oral cavity.

C  small intestine.

D  pharynx.

E  stomach.

A  Intraperitoneal ligament

B  Falciform ligament

C  Mesentery proper

D  Hepatic ligament

E  Coronary ligament

A  enamel.

B  calcium phosphate.

C  cementum.

D  dentin.

E  pulp.

A  fauces

B  fossae

C  conchae

D  glossus

E  choana

A  submucosa.

B  mucosa.

C  serosa.

D  adventitia.

E  muscularis interna.

A  Esophageal reflux

B  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

C  Salivary amylase activity

D  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

E  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

A  organ of mastication.

B  alimentary canal organ.

C  chemically digesting organ.

D  accessory digestive organ.

E  diffuse ingestive structure.

A  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

B  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

C  mucus secretion.

D  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

E  peristalsis.

A  cilia.

B  rugae.

C  papillae.

D  tonsils.

E  glossal spines.

A  Hydrochloric acid

B  Gastrin

C  Pancreatic amylase

D  Bile

A  Omental layer

B  Visceral peritoneum

C  Muscularis mucosa

D  Parietal peritoneum

E  Rectal peritoneum

A  high.

B  low.

A  Goblet cells

B  Villi

C  Intestinal glands

D  Simple columnar epithelium

E  Lymphatic nodules

A  Cystic duct

B  Hepatopancreatic duct

C  Pancreatic duct

D  Hepatic duct

E  Common bile duct

A  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

B  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

C  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

D  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

E  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

A  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

B  increase surface area in the small intestine.

C  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

D  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

E  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

A  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

B  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

C  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

D  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

A  Pharynx

B  Esophagus

C  Trachea

D  Alveolar ducts

E  Bronchioles

A  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

B  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

C  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

D  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

A  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

B  expands the rib cage.

C  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

D  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

E  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It has a cardiac notch.

B  It has an esophageal depression.

C  It has a cardiac impression.

D  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

E  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

A  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

A  Between the larynx and the pharynx

B  Between the esophagus and the trachea

C  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

D  Superior to the larynx

E  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

A  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

B  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

C  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

D  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

E  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  rigidity; anterior

B  flexibility; anterior

C  rigidity; posterior

D  flexibility; posterior

A  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

B  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

C  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

D  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

A  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

B  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

C  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

D  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

E  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

A  Pontine respiratory center

B  Dorsal respiratory group

C  Ventral respiratory group

D  Phrenic nucleus

A  calcium and carbon dioxide.

B  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

C  iron and albumin.

D  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

A  b, a, d, c

B  c, a, d, b

C  d, c, b, a

D  b, d, c, a

E  a, c, d, b

A  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

B  The systemic cells

C  The alveoli of the lungs

A  enteric

B  autonomic

C  somatic

A  Bronchi

B  Trachea

C  Alveoli

D  Larynx

E  Nasal cavity

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

B  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

C  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

D  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

E  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

A  Respiratory bronchioles

B  Terminal bronchioles

C  Alveolar sacs

D  Pulmonary alveoli

E  Alveolar ducts

A  inversely; directly

B  directly; directly

C  inversely; inversely

D  directly; inversely

A  The internal air pressure within the trachea

B  The surrounding muscles

C  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

D  The internal epithelium

A  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.