Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  a bolus into chyme.

B  chyle into pepsin.

C  food into chyle.

D  proteins into lipids.

E  foodstuffs into bile.

A  b, d, c, a, f, e

B  e, b, d, c, a, f

C  e, b, a, c, d, f

D  f, c, d, e, a, b

E  b, a, c, d, f, e

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

B  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

C  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

D  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

E  secretin; stomach to increase motility

A  amino acids within the stomach.

B  starch within the stomach.

C  disaccharides within the duodenum.

D  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

E  peptides within the small intestine.

A  chemoreceptors.

B  mechanoreceptors.

C  bilireceptors.

D  omental neurons

E  osmodetectors.

A  Teeth

B  Salivary glands

C  Pancreas

D  Pharynx

E  Tongue

A  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

B  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

C  in the peritoneal cavity.

D  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

E  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

A  oral cavity.

B  small intestine.

C  pharynx.

D  stomach.

E  esophagus.

A  Falciform ligament

B  Coronary ligament

C  Hepatic ligament

D  Mesentery proper

E  Intraperitoneal ligament

A  calcium phosphate.

B  dentin.

C  cementum.

D  enamel.

E  pulp.

A  fauces

B  glossus

C  fossae

D  choana

E  conchae

A  mucosa.

B  muscularis interna.

C  submucosa.

D  serosa.

E  adventitia.

A  Esophageal reflux

B  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

C  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

D  Salivary amylase activity

E  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

A  organ of mastication.

B  chemically digesting organ.

C  accessory digestive organ.

D  alimentary canal organ.

E  diffuse ingestive structure.

A  peristalsis.

B  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

C  mucus secretion.

D  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

E  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

A  glossal spines.

B  rugae.

C  papillae.

D  cilia.

E  tonsils.

A  Bile

B  Hydrochloric acid

C  Pancreatic amylase

D  Gastrin

A  Visceral peritoneum

B  Rectal peritoneum

C  Muscularis mucosa

D  Parietal peritoneum

E  Omental layer

A  high.

B  low.

A  Simple columnar epithelium

B  Goblet cells

C  Intestinal glands

D  Lymphatic nodules

E  Villi

A  Hepatic duct

B  Cystic duct

C  Hepatopancreatic duct

D  Common bile duct

E  Pancreatic duct

A  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

B  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

C  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

D  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

E  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

A  increase surface area in the small intestine.

B  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

C  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

D  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

E  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

A  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

B  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

C  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

D  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

A  Esophagus

B  Bronchioles

C  Pharynx

D  Alveolar ducts

E  Trachea

A  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

B  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

C  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

D  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

A  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

B  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

C  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

D  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

E  expands the rib cage.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It has a cardiac notch.

B  It has an esophageal depression.

C  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

D  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

E  It has a cardiac impression.

A  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

D  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

A  Superior to the larynx

B  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

C  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

D  Between the larynx and the pharynx

E  Between the esophagus and the trachea

A  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

B  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

C  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

D  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

E  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  flexibility; anterior

B  flexibility; posterior

C  rigidity; posterior

D  rigidity; anterior

A  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

B  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

C  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

D  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

A  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

B  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

C  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

D  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

E  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

A  Phrenic nucleus

B  Pontine respiratory center

C  Ventral respiratory group

D  Dorsal respiratory group

A  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

B  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

C  iron and albumin.

D  calcium and carbon dioxide.

A  c, a, d, b

B  b, a, d, c

C  a, c, d, b

D  d, c, b, a

E  b, d, c, a

A  The alveoli of the lungs

B  The systemic cells

C  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

A  enteric

B  somatic

C  autonomic

A  Nasal cavity

B  Larynx

C  Bronchi

D  Alveoli

E  Trachea

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

B  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

C  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

D  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

E  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

A  Alveolar sacs

B  Respiratory bronchioles

C  Pulmonary alveoli

D  Alveolar ducts

E  Terminal bronchioles

A  directly; inversely

B  inversely; directly

C  inversely; inversely

D  directly; directly

A  The surrounding muscles

B  The internal air pressure within the trachea

C  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

D  The internal epithelium

A  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.