Lecture Exam 2

A  more fluid is absorbed and reabsorbed than is filtered.

B  more fluid is filtered than reabsorbed.

C  the fluid reabsorbed into the capillary exactly matches the amount filtered by the capillary.

A  get larger.

B  get smaller.

C  show no change in their lumen size.

A  vasoconstriction so that blood is shifted toward the rest of the circulatory system.

B  vasodilation so that blood is shifted toward the rest of the circulatory system.

C  vasodilation so that they function as blood reservoirs.

D  vasoconstriction so that they function as blood reservoirs.

A  central arteries and monocytes.

B  lymphatic cells, extracellular matrix, and an incomplete connective tissue capsule.

C  a hilum that is located intermediate to two lobules.

D  crypts, trabeculae, and Reed-Sternberg cells.

E  afferent vessels, efferent vessels, a cortex, and medulla.

A  similar

B  opposite

A  secreted by salivary glands.

B  in the blood.

C  in the lymph.

D  ingested or inhaled.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Cytokines

B  Alveolar macrophages

C  NK cells

D  Mast cells

E  Dendritic cells

A  vasoconstriction, increased urine output, and therefore increased blood pressure.

B  vasoconstriction, decreased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure.

C  vasodilation, increased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure.

D  vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and therefore increased blood pressure.

E  vasodilation, decreased urine output, and therefore increased blood pressure.

A  is one in which multiple arteries converge on one organ or body region.

B  is one in which circulation to a large organ involves only one artery and one main (portal) vein.

C  is a simple circulatory system with an arteriovenous anastomosis.

D  includes a functional end artery that makes an arterial anastomosis.

E  is one in which blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart.

A  hydrostatic pressure.

B  exocytosis.

C  endocytosis.

D  osmosis.

E  diffusion of both water and solutes.

A  will not affect

B  decreases

C  increases

A  drain the capillary bed.

B  allow for diffusion of nutrients to the tissues.

C  allow for diffusion of nutrients and metabolic wastes.

D  supply metarteriole with blood.

E  allow for diffusion of metabolic wastes from the tissues.

A  serotonin

B  perforin

C  interferon

D  histamine

E  complement

A  adaptive; attackers of pathogenic cells

B  adaptive; physical barriers to pathogen entry

C  innate; physical barriers to pathogen entry

D  innate; attackers of pathogenic cells

A  simple pathway, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ.

B  simple pathway, as its two capillary beds are separated by a portal vein.

C  anastomosis, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ.

D  anastomosis, as its two capillary beds are separated by a portal vein.

A  capillaries and veins

B  veins

C  capillaries

D  capillaries and arteries

E  arteries

A  Its cells include T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages.

B  Its cells are arranged in clusters that are circular in shape.

C  It serves as a blood reservoir.

D  It contains a central artery.

A  the pressure generated by the heart, and it favors osmosis into the arteriole end of the capillary bed.

B  the proteins in the blood, and it promotes filtration.

C  the high amount of water in the blood, and it promotes filtration from arterioles.

D  the proteins in the blood, and it promotes reabsorption.

E  the high amount of water in the blood, and it promotes diffusion out of the capillaries.

A  Macrophages

B  Natural killer cells

C  Basophils

D  Eosinophils

E  Neutrophils

A  2; in the mediastinum

B  4; anterior to the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

C  2; anterior to the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

D  4; in the mediastinum

A  increases, as blood colloid osmotic pressure rises.

B  decreases, as blood hydrostatic pressure decreases.

C  remains the same, as rises in blood osmotic pressure are offset by declines in tissue osmotic pressure.

D  decreases, as blood colloid osmotic pressure decreases.

E  increases, as blood hydrostatic pressure rises.

A  50 mmHg.

B  100 mmHg.

C  125 mmHg.

D  5/3.

E  40 mmHg.

A  sustained increase in blood flow that leads to decreases in venous resistance to keep blood pressure constant.

B  sustained decrease in blood flow that leads to increases in arterial diameter to lower resistance and raise pressure.

C  sustained decrease in resistance that leads to decreases in arterial pressure to maintain adequate blood flow.

D  sustained increase in resistance that leads to increases in arterial pressure to maintain adequate blood flow.

E  sustained increase in blood pressure that leads to compensatory vasodilation.

A  tunica externa

B  None of the answers is correct.

C  tunica interna

D  tunica intima

E  tunica media

A  Filtration dominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmotic pressure.

B  Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmotic pressure.

C  Filtration dominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure.

D  Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure.

A  T-lymphocytes.

B  B-lymphocytes.

C  monocytes.

D  macrophages.

E  neutrophils.

A  Its white pulp contains T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages.

B  It has an outer cortex and inner medulla.

C  It is divided into sections by capsular extensions called trabeculae.

D  Its blood is supplied by the splenic artery and drained by the splenic vein.

A  afferent lymphatic vessel.

B  efferent lymphatic vessel.

C  cisterna chyli.

D  trabeculum.

E  lacteal.

A  chemical messengers are secreted that stimulate the sensation of pain that accompanies inflammation.

B  cells migrate along chemical gradients.

C  cells exit the blood by squeezing out between cells in the blood vessel wall.

D  CAMs on leukocytes adhere to CAMs on endothelial cells of capillaries within injured tissues.

A  Muscular arteries

B  Elastic arteries and arterioles

C  Elastic and muscular arteries

D  Arterioles

E  Elastic arteries

A  In removing the breast, the blood supply to the nodes is removed and they will inevitably cease to function.

B  It is impossible to remove the breast without physically damaging the lymph nodes.

C  The nerves that supply the axillary lymph nodes are often cut during the breast surgery.

D  With the removal of the breast, there is no further need for lymph drainage and filtering in that part of the body.

E  The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells.

A  is called the pulse.

B  increases the further the vessel is from the heart.

C  is called the blood pressure.

D  is greater in the inferior vena cava than in the common iliac vein.

E  is greater during diastole.

A  open when the tissue needs nutrients.

B  close when the tissue’s needs have been met.

C  control blood flow into the true capillaries.

D  All of the answers are correct.

E  cause blood to flow directly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.

A  White bone marrow

B  Tonsils

C  Thymus gland

D  Spleen

E  Thyroid gland

A  The direction of filtration can be either into or out of the blood, but reabsorption always involves fluids entering the blood.

B  Filtration happens at the venule end of a capillary bed and reabsorption happens in feeder arterioles.

C  Filtration involves bulk flow of fluid out of the blood, whereas reabsorption is bulk flow back into the blood.

D  Filtration is driven by concentration gradients, whereas reabsorption depends on hydrostatic pressure.

A  c, d

B  b, c, e, f

C  b, c, d, g

D  f, g

E  a, b, e

A  a, d, f

B  a, b, d, f

C  a, b, d, e, f

D  a, c, d, e, f

E  b, d, e, f

A  Blood plasma

B  Intracellular fluid

C  Interstitial fluid

D  Whole blood

A  nonspecific process that occurs in vascularized tissue.

B  antigen-specific process that occurs in vascularized tissue.

C  nonspecific process that occurs in avascular tissue.

D  antigen-specific process that occurs in avascular tissue.

A  are found only in the largest veins.

B  are the leading cause of high blood pressure.

C  make the use of a skeletal muscle pump unnecessary for venous blood flow.

D  cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction.

E  are formed of the tunica media.

A  thoroughfare channels

B  fenestrated arteries

C  companion vessels

D  distributing arteries

E  vasa vasorum

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Flat bones of the skull

B  Sternum

C  Long bones of digits

D  Ribs

E  Vertebrae

A  be higher than normal.

B  be lower than normal.

A  Cortex

B  Trabecula

C  Medulla

D  Capsule

A  a decrease in the relative amount of smooth muscle and an increase in the relative amount of elastic fibers.

B  an increase in relative amounts of smooth muscle and elastic fibers and a decrease in endothelium.

C  an increase in the relative amount of smooth muscle and a decrease in the relative amount of elastic fibers.

D  a decrease in both smooth muscle and elastic fibers and an increase in areolar connective tissue.

A  cell-mediated immunity.

B  innate immunity.

C  adaptive immunity.

D  acquired immunity.

A  head and neck.

B  upper limbs, breasts, and superficial thorax.

C  abdominopelvic wall.

D  deep thoracic structures.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE