Midterm 1 (2)

A  determine the author’s background

B  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

C  evaluate the author’s sources

D  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

A  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

B  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

C  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

D  direct quotes requires a citation

A  government documents

B  encyclopedias

C  human sources

D  dictionaries

A  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

B  hand it in only once it is perfect

C  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

D  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

A  the more clearly, precisely, and up front you state your thesis the better

B  include some detail on how you will defend your thesis

C  the thesis statement is the most important premise defending your conclusion

D  limit your thesis statement to what you will defend

A  know yourself

B  know your audience

C  choose and broaden your topic

D  write a sentence that expresses your claim

A  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

B  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

C  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

D  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

A  it agrees with my views

B  it is a persuasive argument

C  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

D  it is well written or well spoken

A  take what is unclear and make it clear

B  try to use as many words as the original argument

C  be charitable

D  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

A  put the conclusion first

B  fill in missing premises or conclusions

C  write in complete sentences

D  number the steps of the argument

A  appeal to ignorance

B  in appropriate appeal to authority

C  loaded question

D  false alternatives

A  inconsistency

B  weak analogy

C  hasty generalization

D  slippery slope

A  scare tactics

B  red herring

C  straw man

D  bandwagon argument

A  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

B  two wrongs make a right

C  a personal attack (ad hominem)

D  attacking the motive

A  given that

B  for

C  therefore

D  since

A  thus

B  if follows that

C  because

D  consequently

A  a report

B  a conditional statement

C  an illustration

D  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

A  Mandala

B  Mohammed Yunus

C  Gandhi

D  Anita Roddick

A  Gandhi

B  Muhammed Yunus

C  Mandela

D  Anita Roddick

A  attention

B  none of these

C  explicitness

D  patience

A  explicitness

B  none of these

C  attention

D  patience

A  none of these

B  attention

C  explicitness

D  patience

A  ethics and work

B  ethics and sex

C  ethics and money

D  ethics and what we eat

A  ethics and money

B  ethics and what we eat

C  ethics and sex

D  ethics and work

A  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

B  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

C  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

D  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

A  a problem with two sharply opposed options

B  thought to be impossible to solve

C  all of these

D  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

A  none of these

B  revisit outlying parts of the problem

C  ask if the problem can be prevented

D  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

A  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

B  homelessness in other cultures

C  abortion and animal research in Japan

D  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

A  full steam ahead method

B  exaggeration

C  reversal

D  random word method

A  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

B  it is essential for practical problem solving

C  it seeks to reframe the problem

D  it seeks to limit the possibilities

A  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

B  all of these are true

C  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

D  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

A  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

B  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

C  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

D  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

A  finding the best balance between values at stake

B  picking the side you personally like the best

C  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

D  trying to take into account the values on all sides

A  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

B  all of these are true

C  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

D  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

A  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

B  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

C  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

D  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

A  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

B  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

C  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

D  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

A  it makes the problem the problem

B  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

C  it is legalistic and judgmental

D  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

A  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

B  all of these are true

C  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

D  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

A  like to hunt

B  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

C  not be frightened by loud noises

D  be quiet

A  reduction of social pain and suffering

B  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

C  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

D  moral and legal rights of the individual

A  advocated by Martin Buber

B  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

C  regards persons as supremely valuable

D  advocated by Immanuel Kant

A  it is essentially social

B  it is concerned with the well being of others

C  it is a rational aim

D  it is short term

A  focuses on happiness

B  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

C  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

D  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

A  may be organized into ethical theories

B  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

C  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

D  include greed, lust, and gluttony

A  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

B  God listened to Abraham

C  Abraham bargains with God,

D  Abraham thinks for himself

A  the main point of the story is not clear

B  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

C  some of the values were different then than they are now

D  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

A  not eating shrimp and lobster

B  all of these

C  not wearing garments made out of blended material

D  not eating bacon

A  lying to hide fugitive slaves

B  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

C  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

D  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

A  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

B  rules may conflict

C  rules replace the need to think

D  rules make life simpler

A  welcome challenges

B  welcome change

C  pursue the facts

D  limit your experience to what you know is true

A  aim to live more comfortably

B  seek out challenges

C  let challenges stretch your mind

D  seek out people with whom you do not agree

A  relativism

B  offhand self justification

C  sound ethical thinking

D  dogmatism

A  offhand self-justification

B  dogmatism

C  relativism

D  sound ethical thinking

A  keeping an open mind

B  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

C  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

D  avoiding name calling

A  thinking constructively

B  thinking systematically

C  thinking creatively

D  thinking simplistically