Midterm 1 (2)

A  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

B  evaluate the author’s sources

C  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

D  determine the author’s background

A  direct quotes requires a citation

B  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

C  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

D  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

A  human sources

B  encyclopedias

C  government documents

D  dictionaries

A  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

B  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

C  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

D  hand it in only once it is perfect

A  include some detail on how you will defend your thesis

B  the more clearly, precisely, and up front you state your thesis the better

C  limit your thesis statement to what you will defend

D  the thesis statement is the most important premise defending your conclusion

A  write a sentence that expresses your claim

B  know your audience

C  choose and broaden your topic

D  know yourself

A  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

B  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

C  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

D  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

A  it is well written or well spoken

B  it agrees with my views

C  it is a persuasive argument

D  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

A  take what is unclear and make it clear

B  try to use as many words as the original argument

C  be charitable

D  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

A  fill in missing premises or conclusions

B  put the conclusion first

C  number the steps of the argument

D  write in complete sentences

A  in appropriate appeal to authority

B  loaded question

C  appeal to ignorance

D  false alternatives

A  weak analogy

B  slippery slope

C  inconsistency

D  hasty generalization

A  bandwagon argument

B  red herring

C  straw man

D  scare tactics

A  a personal attack (ad hominem)

B  two wrongs make a right

C  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

D  attacking the motive

A  for

B  since

C  therefore

D  given that

A  thus

B  consequently

C  if follows that

D  because

A  a conditional statement

B  an illustration

C  a report

D  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

A  Mohammed Yunus

B  Anita Roddick

C  Mandala

D  Gandhi

A  Mandela

B  Muhammed Yunus

C  Anita Roddick

D  Gandhi

A  explicitness

B  attention

C  none of these

D  patience

A  patience

B  explicitness

C  attention

D  none of these

A  patience

B  none of these

C  attention

D  explicitness

A  ethics and money

B  ethics and what we eat

C  ethics and work

D  ethics and sex

A  ethics and sex

B  ethics and work

C  ethics and what we eat

D  ethics and money

A  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

B  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

C  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

D  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

A  a problem with two sharply opposed options

B  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

C  thought to be impossible to solve

D  all of these

A  revisit outlying parts of the problem

B  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

C  none of these

D  ask if the problem can be prevented

A  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

B  abortion and animal research in Japan

C  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

D  homelessness in other cultures

A  random word method

B  full steam ahead method

C  reversal

D  exaggeration

A  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

B  it seeks to reframe the problem

C  it is essential for practical problem solving

D  it seeks to limit the possibilities

A  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

B  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

C  all of these are true

D  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

A  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

B  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

C  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

D  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

A  finding the best balance between values at stake

B  trying to take into account the values on all sides

C  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

D  picking the side you personally like the best

A  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

B  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

C  all of these are true

D  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

A  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

B  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

C  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

D  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

A  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

B  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

C  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

D  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

A  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

B  it makes the problem the problem

C  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

D  it is legalistic and judgmental

A  all of these are true

B  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

C  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

D  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

A  not be frightened by loud noises

B  like to hunt

C  be quiet

D  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

A  moral and legal rights of the individual

B  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

C  reduction of social pain and suffering

D  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

A  regards persons as supremely valuable

B  advocated by Martin Buber

C  advocated by Immanuel Kant

D  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

A  it is short term

B  it is essentially social

C  it is a rational aim

D  it is concerned with the well being of others

A  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

B  focuses on happiness

C  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

D  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

A  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

B  may be organized into ethical theories

C  include greed, lust, and gluttony

D  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

A  God listened to Abraham

B  Abraham bargains with God,

C  Abraham thinks for himself

D  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

A  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

B  some of the values were different then than they are now

C  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

D  the main point of the story is not clear

A  not wearing garments made out of blended material

B  all of these

C  not eating shrimp and lobster

D  not eating bacon

A  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

B  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

C  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

D  lying to hide fugitive slaves

A  rules may conflict

B  rules replace the need to think

C  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

D  rules make life simpler

A  welcome change

B  limit your experience to what you know is true

C  pursue the facts

D  welcome challenges

A  let challenges stretch your mind

B  aim to live more comfortably

C  seek out challenges

D  seek out people with whom you do not agree

A  relativism

B  offhand self justification

C  dogmatism

D  sound ethical thinking

A  sound ethical thinking

B  dogmatism

C  relativism

D  offhand self-justification

A  keeping an open mind

B  avoiding name calling

C  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

D  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

A  thinking constructively

B  thinking creatively

C  thinking simplistically

D  thinking systematically