Midterm 1

A  determine the author’s background

B  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

C  evaluate the author’s sources

D  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

A  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

B  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

C  direct quotes requires a citation

D  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

A  human sources

B  government documents

C  encyclopedias

D  dictionaries

A  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

B  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

C  hand it in only once it is perfect

D  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

A  write a sentence that expresses your claim

B  know yourself

C  know your audience

D  choose and broaden your topic

A  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

B  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

C  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

D  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

A  it is well written or well spoken

B  it is a persuasive argument

C  it agrees with my views

D  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

A  be charitable

B  try to use as many words as the original argument

C  take what is unclear and make it clear

D  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

A  put the conclusion first

B  write in complete sentences

C  fill in missing premises or conclusions

D  number the steps of the argument

A  false alternatives

B  appeal to ignorance

C  in appropriate appeal to authority

D  loaded question

A  slippery slope

B  hasty generalization

C  inconsistency

D  weak analogy

A  straw man

B  scare tactics

C  red herring

D  bandwagon argument

A  attacking the motive

B  a personal attack (ad hominem)

C  two wrongs make a right

D  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

A  for

B  since

C  therefore

D  given that

A  because

B  thus

C  consequently

D  if follows that

A  a report

B  an illustration

C  a conditional statement

D  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

A  Anita Roddick

B  Gandhi

C  Mohammed Yunus

D  Mandala

A  Mandela

B  Muhammed Yunus

C  Gandhi

D  Anita Roddick

A  attention

B  none of these

C  patience

D  explicitness

A  explicitness

B  patience

C  attention

D  none of these

A  explicitness

B  attention

C  none of these

D  patience

A  ethics and what we eat

B  ethics and work

C  ethics and money

D  ethics and sex

A  ethics and money

B  ethics and sex

C  ethics and work

D  ethics and what we eat

A  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

B  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

C  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

D  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

A  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

B  thought to be impossible to solve

C  a problem with two sharply opposed options, each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side, and thought to be impossible to solve

D  a problem with two sharply opposed options

A  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

B  ask if the problem can be prevented

C  none of these

D  revisit outlying parts of the problem

A  homelessness in other cultures

B  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

C  abortion and animal research in Japan

D  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

A  random word method

B  reversal

C  full steam ahead method

D  exaggeration

A  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

B  it seeks to reframe the problem

C  it seeks to limit the possibilities

D  it is essential for practical problem solving

A  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

B  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision, it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech, and it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

C  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

D  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

A  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

B  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

C  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

D  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

A  trying to take into account the values on all sides

B  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

C  finding the best balance between values at stake

D  picking the side you personally like the best

A  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

B  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

C  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide, utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide, and Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

D  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

A  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

B  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

C  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

D  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

A  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

B  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

C  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

D  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

A  it is legalistic and judgmental

B  it makes the problem the problem

C  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

D  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

A  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

B  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature, moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings,and by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

C  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

D  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

A  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

B  not be frightened by loud noises

C  be quiet

D  like to hunt

A  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

B  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

C  moral and legal rights of the individual

D  reduction of social pain and suffering

A  regards persons as supremely valuable

B  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

C  advocated by Martin Buber

D  advocated by Immanuel Kant

A  it is a rational aim

B  it is essentially social

C  it is concerned with the well being of others

D  it is short term

A  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

B  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

C  focuses on happiness

D  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

A  may be organized into ethical theories

B  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

C  include greed, lust, and gluttony

D  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

A  Abraham thinks for himself

B  Abraham bargains with God,

C  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

D  God listened to Abraham

A  some of the values were different then than they are now

B  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

C  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

D  the main point of the story is not clear

A  not eating bacon, shrimp and lobster and not wearing garments made out of blended material and

B  not eating shrimp and lobster

C  not wearing garments made out of blended material

D  not eating bacon

A  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

B  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

C  lying to hide fugitive slaves

D  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

A  rules replace the need to think

B  rules may conflict

C  rules make life simpler

D  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

A  limit your experience to what you know is true

B  welcome change

C  pursue the facts

D  welcome challenges

A  seek out challenges

B  seek out people with whom you do not agree

C  let challenges stretch your mind

D  aim to live more comfortably

A  sound ethical thinking

B  dogmatism

C  offhand self justification

D  relativism

A  sound ethical thinking

B  dogmatism

C  relativism

D  offhand self-justification

A  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

B  keeping an open mind

C  avoiding name calling

D  using categorical language when describing ethical issues