Midterm 1

A  evaluate the author’s sources

B  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

C  determine the author’s background

D  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

A  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

B  direct quotes requires a citation

C  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

D  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

A  government documents

B  human sources

C  dictionaries

D  encyclopedias

A  hand it in only once it is perfect

B  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

C  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

D  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

A  know yourself

B  know your audience

C  choose and broaden your topic

D  write a sentence that expresses your claim

A  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

B  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

C  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

D  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

A  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

B  it agrees with my views

C  it is well written or well spoken

D  it is a persuasive argument

A  take what is unclear and make it clear

B  be charitable

C  try to use as many words as the original argument

D  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

A  put the conclusion first

B  write in complete sentences

C  number the steps of the argument

D  fill in missing premises or conclusions

A  false alternatives

B  appeal to ignorance

C  loaded question

D  in appropriate appeal to authority

A  hasty generalization

B  inconsistency

C  weak analogy

D  slippery slope

A  straw man

B  scare tactics

C  bandwagon argument

D  red herring

A  a personal attack (ad hominem)

B  attacking the motive

C  two wrongs make a right

D  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

A  given that

B  for

C  since

D  therefore

A  thus

B  because

C  consequently

D  if follows that

A  a conditional statement

B  an illustration

C  a report

D  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

A  Mandala

B  Gandhi

C  Anita Roddick

D  Mohammed Yunus

A  Anita Roddick

B  Mandela

C  Gandhi

D  Muhammed Yunus

A  none of these

B  explicitness

C  patience

D  attention

A  explicitness

B  attention

C  patience

D  none of these

A  none of these

B  attention

C  patience

D  explicitness

A  ethics and what we eat

B  ethics and money

C  ethics and sex

D  ethics and work

A  ethics and sex

B  ethics and what we eat

C  ethics and money

D  ethics and work

A  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

B  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

C  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

D  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

A  a problem with two sharply opposed options, each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side, and thought to be impossible to solve

B  a problem with two sharply opposed options

C  thought to be impossible to solve

D  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

A  revisit outlying parts of the problem

B  ask if the problem can be prevented

C  none of these

D  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

A  abortion and animal research in Japan

B  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

C  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

D  homelessness in other cultures

A  full steam ahead method

B  exaggeration

C  reversal

D  random word method

A  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

B  it seeks to limit the possibilities

C  it is essential for practical problem solving

D  it seeks to reframe the problem

A  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

B  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

C  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

D  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision, it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech, and it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

A  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

B  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

C  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

D  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

A  finding the best balance between values at stake

B  trying to take into account the values on all sides

C  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

D  picking the side you personally like the best

A  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

B  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

C  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide, utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide, and Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

D  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

A  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

B  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

C  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

D  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

A  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

B  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

C  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

D  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

A  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

B  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

C  it makes the problem the problem

D  it is legalistic and judgmental

A  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

B  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

C  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature, moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings,and by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

D  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

A  not be frightened by loud noises

B  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

C  like to hunt

D  be quiet

A  moral and legal rights of the individual

B  reduction of social pain and suffering

C  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

D  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

A  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

B  advocated by Immanuel Kant

C  advocated by Martin Buber

D  regards persons as supremely valuable

A  it is essentially social

B  it is short term

C  it is concerned with the well being of others

D  it is a rational aim

A  focuses on happiness

B  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

C  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

D  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

A  include greed, lust, and gluttony

B  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

C  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

D  may be organized into ethical theories

A  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

B  Abraham thinks for himself

C  Abraham bargains with God,

D  God listened to Abraham

A  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

B  some of the values were different then than they are now

C  the main point of the story is not clear

D  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

A  not eating bacon, shrimp and lobster and not wearing garments made out of blended material and

B  not eating shrimp and lobster

C  not wearing garments made out of blended material

D  not eating bacon

A  lying to hide fugitive slaves

B  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

C  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

D  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

A  rules make life simpler

B  rules replace the need to think

C  rules may conflict

D  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

A  welcome challenges

B  limit your experience to what you know is true

C  welcome change

D  pursue the facts

A  let challenges stretch your mind

B  seek out people with whom you do not agree

C  seek out challenges

D  aim to live more comfortably

A  offhand self justification

B  sound ethical thinking

C  relativism

D  dogmatism

A  sound ethical thinking

B  relativism

C  dogmatism

D  offhand self-justification

A  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

B  keeping an open mind

C  avoiding name calling

D  using categorical language when describing ethical issues