Midterm 1

A  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

B  evaluate the author’s sources

C  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

D  determine the author’s background

A  direct quotes requires a citation

B  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

C  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

D  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

A  dictionaries

B  encyclopedias

C  human sources

D  government documents

A  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

B  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

C  hand it in only once it is perfect

D  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

A  choose and broaden your topic

B  write a sentence that expresses your claim

C  know yourself

D  know your audience

A  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

B  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

C  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

D  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

A  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

B  it is well written or well spoken

C  it is a persuasive argument

D  it agrees with my views

A  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

B  be charitable

C  take what is unclear and make it clear

D  try to use as many words as the original argument

A  number the steps of the argument

B  fill in missing premises or conclusions

C  write in complete sentences

D  put the conclusion first

A  in appropriate appeal to authority

B  appeal to ignorance

C  loaded question

D  false alternatives

A  slippery slope

B  inconsistency

C  weak analogy

D  hasty generalization

A  straw man

B  red herring

C  scare tactics

D  bandwagon argument

A  two wrongs make a right

B  attacking the motive

C  a personal attack (ad hominem)

D  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

A  given that

B  since

C  therefore

D  for

A  because

B  consequently

C  thus

D  if follows that

A  a conditional statement

B  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

C  a report

D  an illustration

A  Mandala

B  Anita Roddick

C  Mohammed Yunus

D  Gandhi

A  Muhammed Yunus

B  Anita Roddick

C  Gandhi

D  Mandela

A  patience

B  explicitness

C  attention

D  none of these

A  attention

B  patience

C  none of these

D  explicitness

A  patience

B  none of these

C  explicitness

D  attention

A  ethics and money

B  ethics and what we eat

C  ethics and sex

D  ethics and work

A  ethics and sex

B  ethics and money

C  ethics and work

D  ethics and what we eat

A  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

B  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

C  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

D  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

A  thought to be impossible to solve

B  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

C  a problem with two sharply opposed options, each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side, and thought to be impossible to solve

D  a problem with two sharply opposed options

A  ask if the problem can be prevented

B  none of these

C  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

D  revisit outlying parts of the problem

A  abortion and animal research in Japan

B  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

C  homelessness in other cultures

D  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

A  reversal

B  full steam ahead method

C  exaggeration

D  random word method

A  it is essential for practical problem solving

B  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

C  it seeks to reframe the problem

D  it seeks to limit the possibilities

A  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

B  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

C  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision, it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech, and it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

D  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

A  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

B  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

C  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

D  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

A  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

B  finding the best balance between values at stake

C  trying to take into account the values on all sides

D  picking the side you personally like the best

A  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

B  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide, utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide, and Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

C  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

D  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

A  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

B  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

C  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

D  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

A  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

B  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

C  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

D  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

A  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

B  it is legalistic and judgmental

C  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

D  it makes the problem the problem

A  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature, moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings,and by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

B  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

C  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

D  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

A  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

B  not be frightened by loud noises

C  like to hunt

D  be quiet

A  moral and legal rights of the individual

B  reduction of social pain and suffering

C  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

D  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

A  advocated by Immanuel Kant

B  regards persons as supremely valuable

C  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

D  advocated by Martin Buber

A  it is short term

B  it is essentially social

C  it is a rational aim

D  it is concerned with the well being of others

A  focuses on happiness

B  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

C  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

D  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

A  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

B  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

C  include greed, lust, and gluttony

D  may be organized into ethical theories

A  Abraham bargains with God,

B  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

C  God listened to Abraham

D  Abraham thinks for himself

A  some of the values were different then than they are now

B  the main point of the story is not clear

C  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

D  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

A  not eating shrimp and lobster

B  not wearing garments made out of blended material

C  not eating bacon

D  not eating bacon, shrimp and lobster and not wearing garments made out of blended material and

A  lying to hide fugitive slaves

B  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

C  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

D  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

A  rules replace the need to think

B  rules make life simpler

C  rules may conflict

D  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

A  welcome challenges

B  limit your experience to what you know is true

C  pursue the facts

D  welcome change

A  let challenges stretch your mind

B  seek out people with whom you do not agree

C  seek out challenges

D  aim to live more comfortably

A  offhand self justification

B  dogmatism

C  relativism

D  sound ethical thinking

A  sound ethical thinking

B  dogmatism

C  offhand self-justification

D  relativism

A  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

B  avoiding name calling

C  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

D  keeping an open mind