Exam 4

A  Lateral vision

B  Tubular eyes

C  Compound retina

D  Secondary retina

A  predators are above, not below

B  there is no sunlight and no silhouettes

C  the lumination would be too bright

D  it is energetically expensive

A  hypoxic, vertical migration

B  hypoxic, food supply

C  anoxic, salinity

D  hyperoxic, temperature

A  Bacteria

B  Viruses

C  Archaea

D  Cyanobacteria

A  migrations

B  cold water

C  warm water

D  upwelling

A  high, medium

B  low, medium

C  medium, high

D  low, high

A  layer of particles that scatters light at depth

B  best known from eclipses, when the layer moves to greater depth

C  a layer of predators that scatters migrating organisms, as they attempt to prey on them

D  a sound scattering layer (or layers) of organisms that often vertically migrates

E  a mysterious sound producing layer at depth

A  the rain of detritus

B  basically normal invertebrates, but ones that grow rapidly due to the warmth of the environment

C  bacteria-like (prokaryotic) organisms

D  marine snow

E  non-photosynthetic algae (eukaryotes) that use the unusual salt mixtures of the vents as food to increase their biomass

A  ‘chimneys’ made from minerals, some over 40 feet high

B  volcanic activity nearby

C  hot water pouring up from the deep-sea floor

D  seawater with so many minerals that it looks black

E  all of the above

A  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

B  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems 

C  Provide habitats to many species

D  All of the choices are true

E  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

A  Heterotrophic bacteria

B  Mixotrophic bacteria

C  Chemosynthetic bacteria

D  Parasitic bacteria

E  Photosynthetic bacteria

A  Farm raised fish

B  Species caught as part of traditional fisheries

C  Non-targeted organisms caught while fishing for other species     

D  Species caught for industrial purposes

E  Krill and other shellfish

A  Parasitic

B  Heterotrophic

C  Symbiotic 

D  Photosynthetic 

E  Chemosynthetic

A  Needle-like teeth

B  Large size

C  Large mouths

D  Generalized diet

E  Extensible jaws

A  25%

B  17%

C  0.50%

D  1.00%

E  10%

A  Cormorants

B  Frigate Birds

C  Common gulls

D  Pelicans

E  Great Blue Herons