Exam 4

A  Lateral vision

B  Secondary retina

C  Compound retina

D  Tubular eyes

A  it is energetically expensive

B  predators are above, not below

C  the lumination would be too bright

D  there is no sunlight and no silhouettes

A  anoxic, salinity

B  hypoxic, vertical migration

C  hyperoxic, temperature

D  hypoxic, food supply

A  Cyanobacteria

B  Viruses

C  Archaea

D  Bacteria

A  migrations

B  warm water

C  cold water

D  upwelling

A  high, medium

B  low, high

C  low, medium

D  medium, high

A  layer of particles that scatters light at depth

B  a mysterious sound producing layer at depth

C  a sound scattering layer (or layers) of organisms that often vertically migrates

D  a layer of predators that scatters migrating organisms, as they attempt to prey on them

E  best known from eclipses, when the layer moves to greater depth

A  basically normal invertebrates, but ones that grow rapidly due to the warmth of the environment

B  marine snow

C  non-photosynthetic algae (eukaryotes) that use the unusual salt mixtures of the vents as food to increase their biomass

D  bacteria-like (prokaryotic) organisms

E  the rain of detritus

A  volcanic activity nearby

B  hot water pouring up from the deep-sea floor

C  ‘chimneys’ made from minerals, some over 40 feet high

D  seawater with so many minerals that it looks black

E  all of the above

A  All of the choices are true

B  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

C  Provide habitats to many species

D  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

E  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems 

A  Heterotrophic bacteria

B  Parasitic bacteria

C  Photosynthetic bacteria

D  Mixotrophic bacteria

E  Chemosynthetic bacteria

A  Species caught for industrial purposes

B  Non-targeted organisms caught while fishing for other species     

C  Krill and other shellfish

D  Farm raised fish

E  Species caught as part of traditional fisheries

A  Parasitic

B  Heterotrophic

C  Chemosynthetic

D  Symbiotic 

E  Photosynthetic 

A  Needle-like teeth

B  Generalized diet

C  Large size

D  Extensible jaws

E  Large mouths

A  10%

B  25%

C  1.00%

D  17%

E  0.50%

A  Great Blue Herons

B  Frigate Birds

C  Cormorants

D  Pelicans

E  Common gulls