Exam 3

A  salinity

B  nutrients

C  light

D  temperature

E  predation

F  waves

A  physiological adaptation

B  physiological acclimatization

C  genetic adaptation

D  genetic acclimatization

A  space

B  food

C  light

D  sexual partners

A  Paleocene

B  Protocene

C  Pleistocene

D  Pliocene

A  specialization

B  sharing

C  generalization

D  partitioning

A  creeks, inland waterways

B  rivers, seawater

C  ocean, brackish water

D  lakes, hyposaline pools

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  porous, inhabitants

B  calcium-proteinaceous, producers

C  calcium carbonate, builders

D  thin, builders

A  facilitative, agonistic

B  interspecific, intraspecific

C  agonistic, true

D  intraspecific, interspecific

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Lower

B  Middle

C  Upper

A  fungal, mass spawning

B  dinoflagellate, bleaching

C  cyanobacteria, bleaching

D  zooxanthellae, mortality

A  fjord

B  drowned fiver valleys

C  coastal plain estuaries

D  bar-build estuaries

A  Steady state

B  Carrying capacity

C  Maximum capacity

D  An ecosystem’s limit

A  clay, silt, mud

B  mud, silt, clay

C  silt, clay, mud

A  aerial respiration

B  none of these

C  evaporative cooling

D  natal homing

E  use of the operculum

A  tube snails

B  scallops

C  abalone

D  mussels

E  squids

A  chitin

B  strontium sulphate

C  calcium carbonate

D  silicate

E  calcium bicarbonate

A  turtles in the intertidal

B  otters in kelp forests

C  octopus in the lower intertidal

D  barnacles in the intertidal

E  salmon in estuaries

A  Differences in water temperature as one moves inland

B  Salt wedge moving toward the surface

C  Freshwater moving from rivers

D  High tides moving in

E  The Coriolis effect

A  the Aleutian Islands

B  the Caribbean

C  the Galapagos

D  the Indo-Pacific

E  the Hawaiian Islands

A  sexual reproducers

B  broadcast spawners

C  gamete spawners

D  brooders

A  tertiary consumer

B  primary producer

C  primary consumer

D  quaternary consumer

E  secondary consumer

A  Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)

B  The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities

C  Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations

D  The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides

E  Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle

A  Provide the coral with protection from herbivores

B  Provide the coral with protection from predators

C  Help in the deposition of the skeleton

D  Provide the coral with carbon dioxide

E  Release mucus and other chemicals

A  Provide habitats to many species

B  All of the choices are true

C  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

D  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

E  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems

A  Only live in temperate waters

B  Are non-reef builders

C  Have zooxanthellae

D  Are scavengers

E  Always have a soft skeleton

A  symbiotic

B  episodic

C  parasitic

D  mutualistic

E  commensalistic

A  light

B  salinity

C  food

D  tides

E  shifting sand

A  Decrease in the number of seaweeds

B  Less wave action

C  Fewer species

D  More species overall

E  Increase in the number of mussels

A  15%

B  2%

C  5%

D  10%

A  provide CO2 for photosynthesis

B  provide surface for epiphyte growth

C  float blades toward the surface

D  regulate gas exchange

A  barrier reefs

B  locks

C  fringing reefs

D  keys

E  atolls

A  Mostly biological factors

B  Both biological and physical factors

C  Neither physical nor biological factors

D  Mostly physical factors

A  Substrate

B  Predation

C  Light

D  Salinity

E  Temerature

A  Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities

B  Need less oxygen to survive

C  Only tolerate small temperature changes

D  Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species

E  Can survive broad changes in salinity

A  a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers

B  typically found on a submerged volcano

C  a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms

D  typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf