Exam 3

A  temperature

B  salinity

C  nutrients

D  waves

E  light

F  predation

A  physiological acclimatization

B  genetic acclimatization

C  physiological adaptation

D  genetic adaptation

A  space

B  light

C  sexual partners

D  food

A  Paleocene

B  Pliocene

C  Protocene

D  Pleistocene

A  specialization

B  partitioning

C  sharing

D  generalization

A  creeks, inland waterways

B  ocean, brackish water

C  rivers, seawater

D  lakes, hyposaline pools

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  calcium carbonate, builders

B  porous, inhabitants

C  calcium-proteinaceous, producers

D  thin, builders

A  facilitative, agonistic

B  agonistic, true

C  intraspecific, interspecific

D  interspecific, intraspecific

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Middle

B  Lower

C  Upper

A  cyanobacteria, bleaching

B  fungal, mass spawning

C  dinoflagellate, bleaching

D  zooxanthellae, mortality

A  bar-build estuaries

B  coastal plain estuaries

C  drowned fiver valleys

D  fjord

A  Carrying capacity

B  Steady state

C  Maximum capacity

D  An ecosystem’s limit

A  silt, clay, mud

B  clay, silt, mud

C  mud, silt, clay

A  aerial respiration

B  none of these

C  use of the operculum

D  evaporative cooling

E  natal homing

A  squids

B  mussels

C  scallops

D  abalone

E  tube snails

A  calcium bicarbonate

B  strontium sulphate

C  calcium carbonate

D  silicate

E  chitin

A  otters in kelp forests

B  salmon in estuaries

C  octopus in the lower intertidal

D  turtles in the intertidal

E  barnacles in the intertidal

A  The Coriolis effect

B  Freshwater moving from rivers

C  High tides moving in

D  Differences in water temperature as one moves inland

E  Salt wedge moving toward the surface

A  the Indo-Pacific

B  the Aleutian Islands

C  the Caribbean

D  the Hawaiian Islands

E  the Galapagos

A  gamete spawners

B  brooders

C  sexual reproducers

D  broadcast spawners

A  primary producer

B  secondary consumer

C  quaternary consumer

D  tertiary consumer

E  primary consumer

A  The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides

B  Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)

C  Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle

D  The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities

E  Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations

A  Provide the coral with carbon dioxide

B  Provide the coral with protection from predators

C  Provide the coral with protection from herbivores

D  Help in the deposition of the skeleton

E  Release mucus and other chemicals

A  Provide habitats to many species

B  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

C  All of the choices are true

D  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

E  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems

A  Have zooxanthellae

B  Always have a soft skeleton

C  Are scavengers

D  Are non-reef builders

E  Only live in temperate waters

A  commensalistic

B  mutualistic

C  episodic

D  parasitic

E  symbiotic

A  tides

B  shifting sand

C  salinity

D  light

E  food

A  Increase in the number of mussels

B  More species overall

C  Fewer species

D  Less wave action

E  Decrease in the number of seaweeds

A  15%

B  2%

C  5%

D  10%

A  regulate gas exchange

B  provide surface for epiphyte growth

C  provide CO2 for photosynthesis

D  float blades toward the surface

A  barrier reefs

B  keys

C  atolls

D  locks

E  fringing reefs

A  Both biological and physical factors

B  Mostly biological factors

C  Mostly physical factors

D  Neither physical nor biological factors

A  Salinity

B  Temerature

C  Substrate

D  Light

E  Predation

A  Need less oxygen to survive

B  Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities

C  Can survive broad changes in salinity

D  Only tolerate small temperature changes

E  Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species

A  typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf

B  a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms

C  typically found on a submerged volcano

D  a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers