Exam 3

A  predation

B  light

C  salinity

D  waves

E  nutrients

F  temperature

A  genetic acclimatization

B  genetic adaptation

C  physiological adaptation

D  physiological acclimatization

A  light

B  sexual partners

C  space

D  food

A  Pliocene

B  Protocene

C  Paleocene

D  Pleistocene

A  generalization

B  sharing

C  specialization

D  partitioning

A  ocean, brackish water

B  lakes, hyposaline pools

C  rivers, seawater

D  creeks, inland waterways

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  calcium carbonate, builders

B  calcium-proteinaceous, producers

C  porous, inhabitants

D  thin, builders

A  interspecific, intraspecific

B  intraspecific, interspecific

C  facilitative, agonistic

D  agonistic, true

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Lower

B  Middle

C  Upper

A  cyanobacteria, bleaching

B  fungal, mass spawning

C  zooxanthellae, mortality

D  dinoflagellate, bleaching

A  drowned fiver valleys

B  bar-build estuaries

C  fjord

D  coastal plain estuaries

A  Maximum capacity

B  Carrying capacity

C  An ecosystem’s limit

D  Steady state

A  clay, silt, mud

B  silt, clay, mud

C  mud, silt, clay

A  use of the operculum

B  none of these

C  evaporative cooling

D  natal homing

E  aerial respiration

A  mussels

B  abalone

C  scallops

D  squids

E  tube snails

A  silicate

B  calcium carbonate

C  calcium bicarbonate

D  chitin

E  strontium sulphate

A  salmon in estuaries

B  otters in kelp forests

C  turtles in the intertidal

D  barnacles in the intertidal

E  octopus in the lower intertidal

A  Differences in water temperature as one moves inland

B  Freshwater moving from rivers

C  The Coriolis effect

D  High tides moving in

E  Salt wedge moving toward the surface

A  the Indo-Pacific

B  the Galapagos

C  the Caribbean

D  the Hawaiian Islands

E  the Aleutian Islands

A  sexual reproducers

B  brooders

C  gamete spawners

D  broadcast spawners

A  quaternary consumer

B  primary producer

C  tertiary consumer

D  primary consumer

E  secondary consumer

A  The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities

B  Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)

C  Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle

D  Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations

E  The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides

A  Release mucus and other chemicals

B  Provide the coral with carbon dioxide

C  Provide the coral with protection from predators

D  Provide the coral with protection from herbivores

E  Help in the deposition of the skeleton

A  All of the choices are true

B  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

C  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems

D  Provide habitats to many species

E  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

A  Always have a soft skeleton

B  Only live in temperate waters

C  Have zooxanthellae

D  Are scavengers

E  Are non-reef builders

A  symbiotic

B  parasitic

C  mutualistic

D  episodic

E  commensalistic

A  food

B  light

C  tides

D  shifting sand

E  salinity

A  More species overall

B  Fewer species

C  Decrease in the number of seaweeds

D  Increase in the number of mussels

E  Less wave action

A  10%

B  15%

C  5%

D  2%

A  provide surface for epiphyte growth

B  float blades toward the surface

C  regulate gas exchange

D  provide CO2 for photosynthesis

A  barrier reefs

B  atolls

C  keys

D  locks

E  fringing reefs

A  Mostly biological factors

B  Neither physical nor biological factors

C  Mostly physical factors

D  Both biological and physical factors

A  Temerature

B  Substrate

C  Predation

D  Light

E  Salinity

A  Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities

B  Only tolerate small temperature changes

C  Can survive broad changes in salinity

D  Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species

E  Need less oxygen to survive

A  a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers

B  typically found on a submerged volcano

C  typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf

D  a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms