Watch the video, Ape-Man: Pelvis Differences. How did the pelvis of australopithecines enable scientists to determine that they were bipedal and not quadrupedal? https://wwnorton.com/common/mplay/6.11/?p=/college/anthro/anthro-in-action/vid/&f=ape_man_pelvis_diff&cdn=1&cc=1 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

1. The pelvis was long and flat like apes. The pelvis was long and flat like humans.
2. The pelvis was short and squat like humans.
3. The pelvis was short and squat like apes.
4. The pelvis could not be used to determine bipedalism.                              

From the video clip Ape-Man: Pelvis Differences. And from what you learned in the chapters this week, which of the following is NOT true regarding australopithecines? https://wwnorton.com/common/mplay/6.11/?p=/college/anthro/anthro-in-action/vid/&f=ape_man_pelvis_diff&cdn=1&cc=1 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

1. Australopithecines looked exactly like modern humans
2. Australopithecines had pelvises more similar to modern humans than to non-human primates.
3. Australopithecines were bipedal like modern humans.
4. Australopithecines were much shorter than modern humans.

Watch the animation, Homo habilis to Homo erectus. Biological anthropologists think that there is a direct evolutionary relationship between earlier Homo habilis and later Homo erectus. Here you can watch the earlier hominid “”morph”” into the later one, showing changes in several anatomical features.  https://wwnorton.com/common/mplay/6.11/?p=/college/anthro/anthro-in-action/animations/&f=homo_habilis_homo_erectus&cdn=1&cc=1Links to an external site.  Based on this animation, you can conclude

1. Homo erectus’ brain size increased while its facial anatomy decreased in size, likely the result of a change in diet.
2. Homo habilis’ small brain suggests it could not have made or used tools.
3. Homo erectus and Homo habilis look similar because they adapted to their environment in the same way.
4. The changes apparent in Homo erectus are not so dramatic that they warrant the hominid being given a new species name.

What are the two unifying traits for all genera of hominins?

1. bipedalism and material culture
2. hunting and speech
3. non-honing chewing and hunting

Which of these hominins lived about 7 million years ago and was our earliest known hominin ancestor? A partial skull was founds in fragments and was reconstructed. The location of the foramen magnum indicated it was bipedal.                                                       

1. Sahelanthropus tchadensis
2. Australopithecus afrarensis
3. Homo erectus
4. Ardipithecus ramidus

Which of the following hominins was found in Indonesia and is known as “the hobbit” because of its short stature?

1. Homo floresiensis
2. Homo neanderthalensis
3. Australopithecus africanus
4. Ardipithecus ramidus

What probably led to the radical increase in brain size from the Australopithecines to Homo habilis? 

1. Homo habilis evolved during a period of extreme climate change.
2. They survived and adapted through problem solving skills.
3. The Australopithecines had to deal with wild climate change and so their brains stayed small.
4. Homo habilis did not have any material culture               

Which line are Homo sapiens descended from?                                                             

1. gracile grade hominins
2. robust grade hominins

supra-orbital torus                                                                     

1. brow ridges
2. protruding face
3. more ape-like dentition
4. a bone that protects from the back of the skull                              

mental eminence                                                                        

1. protruding face
2. cheek bones
3. brow ridges
4. a pointy ridge on the top of the skull

occipital bun                                                   

1. a bone that protects from the back of the skull
2. protruding face
3. brow ridges
4. a pointy ridge on the top of the skull

U-shaped dentition                                                      

1. more ape-like dentition
2. cheek bones
3. protruding face
4. a pointy ridge on the top of the skull

Horse-shoe shaped dentition                                                                  

1. the dentition of modern humans
2. a pointy ridge on the top of the skull
3. protruding face
4. brow ridges

saggital crest                                                  

1. a pointy ridge on the top of the skull
2. a pointy ridge on the top of the skull
3. the dentition of modern humans
4. brow ridges

zygomatic arches                                                                        

1. cheek bones
2. protruding face
3. the dentition of modern humans
4. brow ridges