Which of the following is true of commitment?

1. It has positive effects such as trust and affection.
2. It arises from a lack of emotional attachment.
3. It refers to giving a partner the space to work out problems on their own.
4. It is always mutual among partners.

Some parents believe that violence is a manifestation of love. However, several others think that parental violence and abuse toward children can have adverse consequences when they grow up. Which of the following statements, if true, is likely to support the second argument?

1. Using violence in order to discipline children will help them become more compliant toward established rules.
2. Studies show that children who are spanked by their parents for wrongdoing often have more self-control.
3. Children who grow up without strict parental discipline tend to become more rebellious and nonconforming.
4. Children who are subjected to physical abuse by their parents are often unable to distinguish between love and violence.

A psychological state in which a person wants to obtain a sexual object that one does not now have, or to engage in sexual activity in which one is not now engaging, is referred to as ________.

1. affective intimacy
2. romantic love
3. sexual desire
4. sexual arousal

Jane wants to set her sister Johanna up with Pete, her husband’s colleague. However, Jane’s friend Chloe feels that Pete is a narcissist and hence a poor choice for Johanna. After hearing Chloe’s opinion, Jane is unsure of what to do. Which of the following strengthens the case that dating Pete would be a good choice for Johanna?

1. Johanna tends to get extremely emotionally involved in relationships.
2. Jane was very impressed by Pete’s manners and dressing sense when she met him.
3. Johanna is not interested in a pursuing a serious long-term relationship.
4. Johanna tends to care more about character than about outward appearances.

Which of the following is true of sexual arousal?

1. It is a physiological response.
2. It is a psychological state.
3. It is also known as sexual desire.
4. It invariably leads to romantic love.

Research indicates that our cultural values encourage individualism and competition. Which of the following is a characteristic of individualism?

1. It helps individuals avoid narcissistic behavior.
2. It encourages the individual to have a preoccupation with self.
3. It creates a sense of community and cooperation in an individual.
4. It promotes feelings of selflessness in an individual. 

Understanding is one of the eight qualities of friendship. Which of the following best represents this quality?

1. Ken and Pete are considerate toward each other’s feelings.
2. Christopher trusts Frank to look out for him during times of need.
3. Denise and Judi enjoy each other’s company.
4. Ronald and Nelly respect each other’s decisions.

According to sociologist John Lee, which style of love is characterized by obsessiveness, possessiveness, and intense dependency?

1. storge
2. eros
3. ludus
4. mania 

________ refers to marrying outside an acceptable group.

1. Henogamy
2. Homogamy
3. Heterogamy
4. Endogamy

Why was romantic love less common in the United States in the 1800s than it is today?

1. Unlike today, people in the 1800s fell in love more than once.
2. Life expectancy was shorter in the 1800s compared to what it is today.
3. In the 1800s, it was easier to meet prospective lovers than it is today.
4. There were higher divorce rates in the 1800s than there are today. 

Which of the following is a difference between behavioral and psychological control?

1. Psychological control is more direct than behavioral control.
2. Behavioral control is covert whereas psychological control is not.
3. Psychological control has more positive effects than behavioral control.
4. Psychological control is more manipulative than behavioral control. 

Critics of the attachment theory state that it ________.

1. neglects the importance of events such as divorce and disease in shaping a child’s well-being
2. does not conduct research in laboratory settings which are more reliable than natural settings
3. focuses excessively on how social class differences between men and women’s power influence attachment
4. ignores the aspect of mothers’ bonding with their children

Lin and Cho have been in a relationship since the past two years. They share a sense of comfort and often communicate their fears and hopes for the future with each other. However, their relationship has not yet reached a point where they make mutual decisions or support each other’s goals. According to Reiss’s wheel theory of love, they are in the ________ stage.

1. first
2. third
3. second
4. fourth

According to Sternberg’s triangular theory of love, the ________ component of love leads to romance, physical attraction, and sexual consummation.

1. intimacy
2. decision/commitment
3. passion
4. rapport 

________ calm the mind, eliminate pain, and reduce anxiety.

1. Endorphins
2. Norepinephrines
3. Testosterones
4. Estrogens 

Which of the following is a narcissistic trait?

1. inferiority complex
2. manipulativeness
3. homophobia
4. altruistic

Gerard, a social theorist, believes that love is responsible for the survival of the human species. However Blake, a historian, disagrees. He finds that love is dysfunctional and creates rifts and conflict in society. Which of the following statements, if true, is likely to weaken Blake’s belief?

1. Children can be conceived without love and there is no guarantee that people who engage in sex will feel an obligation to care for the infants.
2. Most adults are in love with the idea of love and have unrealistic expectations from it which result in disappointment.
3. Research shows that love creates an interest in people to care for their offspring and feel responsible for them.
4. Studies indicate that over 80 percent of marriages across the world end in divorces. 

Eric, a six month old baby, is looked after by his nanny while his mom is at work. His nanny is also responsible for other household chores and is often unable to give him sufficient time and attention. When his mother returns, Eric often tends to be unresponsive to his mother and ignores her. In this scenario, Eric is displaying the ________ infant-mother attachment style.

1. secure
2. anxious
3. avoidant
4. ambivalent 

Carl is using computer dating services to find a marriage partner for himself. He is looking out for a partner who will have an economic and social background that is similar to him. In this scenario, Carl demonstrates the ________ style of loving.

1. agape
2. pragma
3. ludus
4. mania

Which perspective maintains that love serves the evolutionary purpose of drawing males and females into long-term relationships that are essential to child rearing?

1. sociological
2. biological
3. anthropological
4. psychological