Principles that guide the choices individuals make in their lives are

1. values
2. beliefs
3. traditions
4. rules

Contemplating one’s purpose in life is part of developing spiritual health.

1. True
2. False

Studies have shown a connection between spirituality and both physical and psychological health.

1. True
2. False

A term used to encompass mental, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of health is

1. psychiatric.
2. psychological.
3. psychiatric.
4. holistic.

A psychologically healthy person is

1. cynical
2. introverted
3. athletic
4. resilient

A pop quiz in class is an example of

1. eustress
2. a frustration
3. a stressor
4. chronic stress

All of the following are likely to influence your response to stressors EXCEPT

1. your age.
2. your general health status. 
3. your friends level of stress
4. your past experiences

Peter recently ended a relationship when he found out his partner was cheating on him. This probably caused

1. distress
2. traumatic stress
3. eustress
4. episodic stress

The physiological state in which all body systems are in balance and functioning normally is

1. homeostasis
2. recovery
3. adaptation
4. eustress

The primary hormone responsible for physiological stress responses such as increased heart and breathing rates is

1. thyroxin
2. insulin
3. cortisol
4. epinephrine

The immune system’s ability to respond to assaults is known as

1. defense
2. adaptation
3. immunocompetence
4. immunity

Cortisol is secreted by the

1. pituitary glad
2. thymus
3. thyroid gland
4. adrenal glands

Which of the following is a major contributor to college students’ lack of sleep?

1. eating spicy food
2. electronic devices
3. having to get up early for morning classes
4. failing grades

The most commonly prescribed therapy for obstructive sleep apnea is

1. dyssomnia
2. insomnia
3. hypersomnia
4. sleep apnea

What role does exposure to sunlight during the day play in improving sleep?

1. It helps to regulate the circadian rhythm.
2. It prevents depression.
3. It discourages napping during the day
4. It helps a person absorb vitamins.

What percentage of the world’s population lacks adequate sleep?

1. about 25 percent
2. about 45 percent
3. about 55 percent
4. about 35 percent

Of the following countries, in which do citizens, on average, get the most sleep?

1. Japan
2. UK
3. USA
4. Mexico

Using electronic devices before bed may disrupt sleep patterns for all of the following reasons EXCEPT the

1. increased alertness they can cause.
2. beeping sounds they sometimes produce.
3. sleep-inducing hormone they suppress.
4. blue light they give off

According to research, immune function is increased in adolescents who

1. get more than 9 hours of sleep a night.
2. get 7 hours of sleep a night.
3. get 9 hours of sleep a night.
4. get 8 hours of sleep a night.

After working on a class project all week and only sleeping about four hours per night, Courtney is

1. compromising her immunity
2. increasing her ability to handle sleep deprivation.
3. getting an adequate amount of sleep for her body needs.
4. improving her productivity.

How does sleep deprivation affect drivers?

1. improves response time
2. increases hunger
3. Impairs motor skills
4. increase thirst

A society characterized by health equity

1. views health as a valuable individual characteristic, not a public good.
2. works to prevent or reverse conditions that undermine health.
3. establishes policies that benefit certain social groups at the expense of others.
4. has a lower life expectancy among certain social groups than among others.

A society characterized by health disparities

1. distributes health risks equally among population groups.
2. distributes social resources equally among population groups.
3. has attained the highest level of health for all.
4. is fundamentally unjust.

Crystal, who maintains a slender body weight by limiting her food intake and exercising daily, assumes that people who are obese have no willpower. This assumption is an example of

1. a stereotype
2. discrimination.
3. othering.
4. a health disparity.

Our ability to recognize difference

1. is highly evolved and broadly accurate.
2. helps prevent us from engaging in false assumptions about others
3. is based on intimate knowledge of another’s life history and current experiences.
4. is largely dictated by society.

In the context of health disparities, the term privilege is best defined as

1. resources and rights, often unearned, that are available only to some members of a society.
2. the right to take a desired action without incurring the risk of consequences.
3. a rare opportunity or honor.
4. superiority in culture, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education, or other factors.

The Miller household is food insecure. This means that

1. all household members are hungry at numerous times throughout the year.
2. the household lacks access to sufficient food for all household members.
3. the household income is below the U.S. poverty line.
4. the household is located in a food desert

The minority-stress theory attempts to explain

1. why members of racial/ethnic minority groups report higher levels of stress than non-Hispanic white Americans.
2. the contribution of stress to low socioeconomic status in minority groups.
3. why non-Hispanic black Americans have higher rates of stress than any other racial/ethnic group in the United States.
4. the link between frequent exposure to discrimination and stress levels that reduce health.

Populations with low health literacy

1. are at increased risk for medication errors.
2. have a lower mortality rate.
3. are more likely to access preventive care.
4. are typically able to obtain, process, and understand health information and services, but need assistance to make appropriate health-related decisions.

Studies indicate that mindfulness can help contribute to a more equitable society by

1. increasing the participants’ ability to relax.
2. reducing the brain’s activation of automatic negative associations.
3. increasing the brain’s ability to perceive difference.
4. reducing participants’ awareness of their biases.