In The Federalist, No. 39, Madison claims that the Constitution is a composition of both national and federal law.

1. FALSE
2. TRUE

Which of the following statements is true concerning civil rights and civil liberties?

1. They were enacted at a time when national unity was a prized goal.
2. All of these.
3. They both have their foundations in amendments to the the US Constitution.
4. They were enacted after wars on US territory.

“Imperium in imperio” described

1. All of these. (Ito pala dapat ang sagot)
2. A “state within a state.”
3. A “monster in politics.”
4. A state having two sovereigns.

Madison believed that only people not states should have the vote.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Which republic was considered the best model in The Spirit of the Laws?

1. Athenian republic
2. Republic of Genoa
3. Roman republic
4. Venetian republic

Social movements have been popular in the United States:

1. Mostly in the last 50 years.
2. Throughout the entire history of the nation.
3. Since the Progressive Era.
4. Since the Abolition Movement just before the Civil War.

Which describes accurately the position of the Federalists?

1. They supported the French Revolution.
2. They favored strict interpretation of the Implied Powers Clause.
3. None of these.
4. They favored states’ rights over the national government’s power.

Justice Thurgood Marshall vigorously opposed the 14th Amendment.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

An example of direct social action is

1. Ralph Waldo Emerson refusing to pay and encouraging others not to pay their taxes during the Mexican-American War.
2. All of these.
3. The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee organizing protest marches to oppose the Vietnam War.
4. Mahatma Gandi protesting low wages with textile workers in England in 1931.

The right of representation and the right to be governed only by laws made with one’s own consent were

1. New ideas in the English parliamentary system.
2. Major themes in the common history of both the English people and the American colonists.
3. None of these.
4. Considered out-of-date notions by the Americans.

In the United States, the guiding principal is the supremacy of the Constitution over any other laws.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The great institutional question that the Constitutional Convention faced after the prolonged debate over representation ended on July 16, 1787, was

1. The make-up of the legislative committees in the House.
2. How to prevent abuses by using the doctrine of separation of powers.
3. The structure of the executive branch and its agencies.
4. The breakdown of the Supreme Court jurisdiction over certain areas.

What did the 13th Amendment do?

1. It ended slavery in only the South.
2. It passed Congress near the end of the Civil War but was not ratified for ten years.
3. None of these.
4. It ended slavery in the entire United States.

The Necessary and Proper Clause stated that the

1. President can do whatever is necessary and proper for the people.
2. Executive and the legislature work together in a proper way to make necessary laws.
3. Judiciary must determine if laws are necessary and proper.
4. Congress makes any laws necessary and proper to carry out the intent of the Constitution.

The American form of government differed from the British in that

1. None of these.
2. The British executive branch was a co-equal of the judiciary.
3. The Americans divided many of the traditional British executive powers between their executive and their legislature.
4. The British did not have a bicameral legislature.

Regarding the separation of powers, James Madison

1. None of these.
2. Believed that the executive weaker should be weaker than the judiciary.
3. Did not believe in legislative supremacy.
4. Complained that judges would challenge the will of the people’s directly elected representatives.

An overwhelming majority of speech is protected by the 1st Amendment.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The term “Framers,” or Framers of the Constitution, refers to

1. The men who set up a plan to discredit Thomas Jefferson.
2. The men who decided to amend the Articles of Confederation.
3. The men who outlined, debated, and authored the Constitution of the United States.
4. The men who framed the copy of the Declaration of Independence at the Smithsonian.

Even though the British and Americans had many disputes over governance, they had in common a long and historical belief in representative government.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

James Madison believed that votes should belong to individual citizens, not states.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

One thing that Madison did not anticipate was

1. The development of national political parties.
2. The hostility of the states to the Constitution
3.  The opposition of the British government to the foundation of the American republic.
4. The return of Thomas Jefferson and his leadership of the Anti-federalists.

According to Hancock, what rights generally fall under the category of “the rights of the accused.”

1. All of these.
2. The right to refuse to incriminate oneself, that is not answer questions of the police or a prosecutor.
3. The right to an attorney in case you are accused.
4. The right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure.

The rights of the accused are found in

1. All of these.
2. The 4th Amendment.
3. The 5th Amendment.
4. The 6th Amendment.

The Supreme Court has established the following for cases brought under the 14th Amendment:

1. Three tiers of review for deciding whether due process of law was denied.
2. Three tiers of review for deciding whether equal protection was denied.
3. Three tiers of review for deciding whether citizenship was denied unconstitutionally.
4. . All of these.

What did the 13th Amendment do?

1. It guaranteed the right to trial to African Americans.
2. It extended 1st Amendment liberties to African Americans.
3. It freed the slaves, but only in the rebellious southern states.
4. It abolished slavery everywhere in the United States.

What is libel?

1. It is lying about a person in public media.
2. It is telling something untrue about persons in public media that may result in harm to them or their reputations.
3. It is telling the secrets of a person to the federal government.
4. It is lying about another person.

The Massachusetts Declaration of Rights argued

1. All of these.
2. That there were three rigidly separate forms of government.
3. Liberty was best secured by keeping the branches as separate as possible.
4. No branch could impinge on the power of the others.

Many people believed that the British Parliament had become too powerful after the decline of the monarchy in the 17th century.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The Supremacy Clause designates

1. Any laws made that further the intent of the Constitution are protected by the clause.
2. All of these.
3. The US Constitution is the law of the land.
4. The US Constitution supersedes state law.

The American Revolution was fought over issues concerning representation.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The presidency

1. All of these
2. Was a uniquely powerful individual.
3. Relied on Congressional approval or backing for foreign affairs.
4. Was singularly responsible for his or her duties.

James Madison’s argument concerning Montesquieu’s theory about the size of republics was that

1. Montesquieu was correct that the most successful republic was a small one.
2. Montesquieu’s theory applied only to Italy.
3. Montesquieu’s theory about the size of republics was correct but that the American republic could overcome the problem with adequate funds.
4. The large and diverse population of America was an advantage, as it would bring ideological balance in a republican government.

Over the course of the 20th and 21st centuries, civil rights have expanded in scope beyond race to include

1. Religion.
2. National origin.
3. All of these.
4. Gender.

The Declaratory Act of 1766

1. Applied to matters of taxation.
2. All of these.
3. Eventually, applied to legislative acts in general.
4. Stated that the colonists had to obey Parliament “in all cases whatsoever.”

In the period of the 1950s-70s, federal power decentralized from the federal government to the states and then began to centralize again in the 1980s.

1. FALSE
2. TRUE

The Framers chose an Electoral College to elect the president because they felt that electors would be better informed about the character and qualifications of those seeking office.

1. FALSE
2. TRUE

The right to “privacy” is explicitly referenced in the 5th Amendment

1. FALSE
2. TRUE

When in doubt about the law, the Supremacy Clause of the US Constitution makes it clear that

1. The president has the final say.
2. The states have the final say.
3. The US Constitution has the final say.
4. The Congress has the final say.

The Constitution was

1. Dependent on supporting laws passed by the Constitutional Convention.
2. Written and enacted by the legislature.
3. None of these.
4. Superior to all three branches of government.

Which of the following statements is true concerning civil liberties?

1. There are four overarching civil liberties that are the subject of ongoing debate and court cases.
2. All of these.
3. They are tightly connected to the Americans’ reaction to dominating British colonial rule.
4. Those that come from the Bill of Rights are considered as freedoms that the government cannot easily violate.

The purpose of Alexander Hamilton’s The Federalist was to

1. Persuade the citizens of New York to ratify the Constitution.
2. Persuade George Washington to become the president.
3. Designate Boston as the location for the next federal convention.
4. Convince Americans that they should NOT accept federalism.

Government compromise at the Constitutional Convention

1. Benefited small states.
2. Instituted a formula which counted slaves as three-fifths of a non-slave.
3. All of these.
4. Was actually not a compromise but a series of wins and defeats.

On the one hand, federalism has the great strength of being flexible; on the other hand, it has the weakness of

1. Creating conflicts between the state and federal governments.
2. None of these.
3. Letting the states get too much of the upper hand in terms of power.
4. Not adequately protecting the rights of individuals.

Americans believed that the actual practice of representation in the colonies

1. Was inferior to the British but could be made better if the British would allow it.
2. None of these
3. Corrupted by British practices.
4. Was superior to the British system of representation.

What is the path to policy change in a democracy?

1. All of these
2. Direct action, or take to the streets.
3. Legislation, or work through the Congress or states.
4. Legalism, or work through the courts.

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning freedom of religion as set forth in the Bill of Rights?

1. The Bill of Rights permits the establishment of a state religion in certain special cases.
2. The Bill of Rights contains two separate limitations on religion.
3. Neither the federal nor the state government can dictate which religion people can observe.
4. People can not be compelled to make pledges that contain religious expressions such as “God.”

Fighting words that are not protected are

1. None of these.
2. Calling a politician an “idiot” in a public forum.
3. A Naxi shouting hateful slogans but in a peaceful demonstration.
4. Writing degrading words on the wall of a public bathroom.

An example where states and communities might pose restrictions that seem to violate the rights of women but are acceptable under the 14th Amendment is weight-lifting requirements for firefighters.

1. FALSE
2. TRUE

What are the characteristics of a social movement?

1. An unorganized collection of citizens fighting for a vague set of beliefs.
2. An organized series of protests by people with common interests but not wishing to work with political elites.
3. Just another word for the activities of an interest group
4. Collective challenges by people with common interests, working with members of the political elite.

British constitutional authority

1. Was altered by each Parliament’s decisions about the interpretation of documents and practices.
2. Rested on several historical documents.
3. Was based on long legal practices that were not necessarily written down.
4. All of these