The rights of the accused are found in

1. The 4th Amendment.
2. The 5th Amendment.
3. All of these.
4. The 6th Amendment.

A social movement to protest tax increases and discrimination by Great Britain

1. Preceded the American Revolutionary War.
2. Followed the American Civil War.
3. Has been a common event in almost all of the wars that the US has fought.
4. Happened in the midst of WWII, threatening the presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

According to recent Gallup polls, the trust that Americans have in their government is

1. About half and half the country trusting the government.
2. None of these.
3. Very high, well over half.
4. Actually quite low, much less than half.

Americans wanted more certainty in their governance, therefore,

1. None of these.
2. They did not like the fact that there was not a written British Constitution that they could cite to protect their interests.
3. They liked the fact that Parliament could act quickly on matters, but they did not like the members of Parliament.
4. They were fine with Parliament determining what was law, they just wanted their own representatives in London.

What did the 13th Amendment do?

1. It abolished slavery everywhere in the United States.
2. It freed the slaves, but only in the rebellious southern states.
3. It guaranteed the right to trial to African Americans.
4. It extended 1st Amendment liberties to African Americans.

Perhaps the most famous example of “blowback” was

1. Brown v. Board of Education (1954).
2. The Same-Sex Marriage Movement.
3. The Right-to-Life Movement.
4. The founding of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

One can say about the federal system of the US government that

1. It has satisfied all people at the local level that their government is completely responding to their needs.
2. It has provided an effective check on unilateral power whether at the federal or state level.
3. It has effectively satisfied the Founding Fathers’ desire for greater centralization of powers in the national government.
4. It has completely eliminated discrimination against various groups of people.

In Roe v. Wade (1973), the Supreme Court based its decision on a women’s right to privacy.

1. FALSE
2. TRUE

The US Supreme Court in a case called United States v. Winsor struck down

1. The federal Defense of Marriage Act.
2. Segregation of private schools in North Carolina.
3. Florida’s method of counting votes in the 2000 presidential election.
4. Voter ID laws in Wisconsin.

According to Ange-Marie Hancock, citizens who “opt out” by choosing not to vote have no impact one way or another on the ability of government to meet their needs.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The British claimed that the American colonists were “virtually” represented in Parliament, but the Americans wanted

1. Fewer taxes, and they really did not care about representation.
2. Lawyers in residence at Parliament to decide how Parliament’s laws would be implemented in the colonies.
3. Actual representatives of their own choosing in Parliament or in the colonies.
4. Colonial governors who could veto any laws.

Another word for veto is

1. Negative or negate.
2. Review.
3. Abstain.
4. None of these.

A major problem regarding the Continental Congress was that small states had the same vote as large states.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

What are three forms of speech that are generally NOT protected by the 1st Amendment?

1. Fighting words, obscenity, and libel.
2. Politically disparaging words, libel, and obscenity.
3. Libel, politically disparaging words, and fighting words.
4. Obscenity, fighting words, and politically disparaging words.

One way that the Framers assured that the legislative branch would not become too powerful is that they allowed

1. The judiciary to review the constitutionality of legislation.
2. The executive to nullify laws that do not meet with the meaning of the Constitution.
3. The executive to review the legality of legislation.
4. The judiciary to remove unfit Congressmen from office.

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning freedom of religion as set forth in the Bill of Rights?

1. The Bill of Rights contains two separate limitations on religion.
2. The Bill of Rights permits the establishment of a state religion in certain special cases.
3. Neither the federal nor the state government can dictate which religion people can observe.
4. People can not be compelled to make pledges that contain religious expressions such as “God.”

Dual federalism is no longer typical of American federalism, replaced by shared federalism in the 20th century.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

According to Jack Rakove, some of our beliefs about the Constitution are

1. Actually myths.
2. None of these.
3. Founded on pure fact.
4. Best accepted and not questioned.

Even though the British and Americans had many disputes over governance, they had in common a long and historical belief in representative government.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The right of representation and the right to be governed only by laws made with one’s own consent were

1. None of these.
2. New ideas in the English parliamentary system.
3. Considered out-of-date notions by the Americans.
4. Major themes in the common history of both the English people and the American colonists.

The filibuster is one example of the way that legislators

1. Move bills to the front of the legislative calendar.
2. Ease the effects of gridlock.
3. Compromise.
4. Delay or block legislation.

What is libel?

1. It is lying about another person.
2. It is telling something untrue about persons in public media that may result in harm to them or their reputations.
3. It is lying about a person in public media.
4. It is telling the secrets of a person to the federal government.

James Madison’s argument concerning Montesquieu’s theory about the size of republics was that

1. Montesquieu was correct that the most successful republic was a small one.
2. The large and diverse population of America was an advantage, as it would bring ideological balance in a republican government.
3. Montesquieu’s theory about the size of republics was correct but that the American republic could overcome the problem with adequate funds.
4. Montesquieu’s theory applied only to Italy.

The two things the Framers agreed on concerning the executive was that

1. None of these.
2. The executive would have a Cabinet and have no role in nominating federal judges.
3. The executive would have the power of the veto and would have no role in nominating federal judges.
4. The executive would be a single individual and have the power of the veto over legislation.

According to Hancock, the most important of the Civil War Amendments for 20th-century America has been

1. All have been equally important.
2. The 15th Amendment.
3. The 13th Amendment.
4. The 14th Amendment.

The Supremacy Clause designates

1. The US Constitution supersedes state law.
2. All of these.
3. Any laws made that further the intent of the Constitution are protected by the clause.
4. The US Constitution is the law of the land.

The Framers chose an Electoral College to elect the president because they felt that electors would be better informed about the character and qualifications of those seeking office.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The Necessary and Proper Clause stated that the

1. Executive and the legislature work together in a proper way to make necessary laws.
2. Congress makes any laws necessary and proper to carry out the intent of the Constitution.
3. Judiciary must determine if laws are necessary and proper.
4. President can do whatever is necessary and proper for the people.

Even in 2016, women can not serve in special combat units of the US military.

1. FALSE
2. TRUE

Town Halls or other civic activities and voting

1. Are important for federalism to function effectively.
2. Are nice but not essential to federalism or democracy.
3. Are not a very effective way to reach the people.
4. Are only important in primary campaigns.

According to Hancock, unless citizens attempt to exercise their civil liberties and civil rights,

1. The liberties and freedoms government is supposed to protect will not prevail.
2. Our ongoing experiment in democracy will not function.
3. Federalism is unlikely to work well.
4. All of these.

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding social movements?

1. Social movements never attempted to address the issue of slavery.
2. Social movements originated in western societies.
3. Social movements challenged divine right monarchies in the 18th century.
4. Social movements originated in response to the notion that there should be broader distributions of power.

An example of a power shared by the state and federal governments is

1. Declaring war.
2. All of these.
3. Levying taxes
4. Establishing and maintaining schools.

Social movements have been popular in the United States:

1. Throughout the entire history of the nation.
2. Since the Progressive Era.
3. Mostly in the last 50 years.
4. Since the Abolition Movement just before the Civil War.

Why did James Madison believe that a system of federalism based on voluntary compliance would always fail?

1. Each state legislature contained “courtiers of popularity” who would actively oppose particular policies.
2. All of these.
3. Experience proved that states would never uniformly comply with national requests.
4. Each state’s doubts about the others’ commitment to policies would slow down and clog the federal system.

The Supreme Court has established the following for cases brought under the 14th Amendment:

1. Three tiers of review for deciding whether equal protection was denied.
2. Three tiers of review for deciding whether citizenship was denied unconstitutionally.
3. Three tiers of review for deciding whether due process of law was denied.
4. All of these.

Constitutions with federalism have what feature(s)?

1. Different responsibilities for each level of government.
2. All of these
3. Each level of government has powers to leverage against the others.
4. Levels of government that cover all the people living in the sovereign territory.

Under a federal system, local governments are

1. All of these.
2. Subject to the jurisdiction of the federal government with no separate powers.
3. An entirely separate level of government that is protected from encroachments or interference from state or federal governments.
4. Subject to the jurisdiction of state government with no separate powers.

The “rights of the accused” generally deal with people who have been arrested, but the rights belong to everybody all of the time.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The purpose of Alexander Hamilton’s The Federalist was to

1. Convince Americans that they should NOT accept federalism.
2. Persuade the citizens of New York to ratify the Constitution.
3. Designate Boston as the location for the next federal convention.
4. Persuade George Washington to become the president.

Although the American Constitution specified the powers and duties of each branch of government,

1. Much of it was experimental.
2. The delegates understood that many of the vague terms in the Constitution would have to be worked out in the future.
3. All of these.
4. It was a fairly complex system.

The Declaratory Act of 1766

1. Stated that the colonists had to obey Parliament “in all cases whatsoever.”
2. Applied to matters of taxation.
3. Eventually, applied to legislative acts in general.
4. All of these.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Articles of Confederation?

1. The national government had the power to tax.
2. The national government had the power to raise troops.
3. The national government had to rely on the individual states to raise troops.
4. The national government could demand funds from the individual states to fund its operations.

In the United States, the guiding principal is the supremacy of the Constitution over any other laws.

1. FALSE
2. TRUE

There is a tension between the centralized federal government and localized state interests that creates problems in governance.

1. FALSE
2. TRUE

In the famous landmark case, Miller v. California, the US Supreme Court defined obscenity as having what feature(s)?

1. The material lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.
2. The average person would find the material as appealing to a “prurient” interest.
3. The material describes sexual conduct in an offensive way.
4. All of these.

Government compromise at the Constitutional Convention

1. All of these.
2. Instituted a formula which counted slaves as three-fifths of a non-slave
3. Benefited small states.
4. Was actually not a compromise but a series of wins and defeats.

The following is true with regard to civil rights:

1. Executive orders are usually ineffective to resolve civil rights issues.
2. None of these
3. Civil rights issues can not be resolved with Congressional legislation.
4. Civil rights issues can only be resolved in the courts.

Justice Thurgood Marshall vigorously opposed the 14th Amendment.

1. FALSE
2. TRUE

When in doubt about the law, the Supremacy Clause of the US Constitution makes it clear that

1. The states have the final say.
2. The Congress has the final say.
3. The US Constitution has the final say.
4. The president has the final say.