The Hardy-Weinberg assumes                                                                

1. No gene flow, no mutation, no genetic drift
2. Inheritance of population over generations

The Hardy-Weinberg equation seeks to identify whether macroevolutionary change is currently taking place.                                                               

1. FALSE
2. TRUE

Individuals exhibiting sickle cell anemia have a genotype of:                                                                    

1. SS
2. AAS
3. AA
4. AS

The continued persistence of the sickle cell allele appears to be connected to:    

1. the continued presence of malaria
2. emigration of West African peoples 
3. increasing global temperatures
4. increasing UVb radiation

Sickle cell can be caught from another person and can be treated and cured.       

1. FALSE
2. TRUE

A higher than typical presence of Huntington’s Chorea in the Lake Maracaibo region of Venezuela is associated with:                                                                 

1. founder effect
2. a small and relatively isolated population
3. genetic drift
4. all of these

Which of the following does not pertain to lactose intolerance?                 

1. associated with an increase in production of lactase over time
2. the condition affects billions of people today
3. the identified gene associated with lactase production is found on chromosome 2 and appears to be selected for vs. against
4. associated with the inability to break down and process lactose in foods

Which of the following does not pertain to Klinefelter’s syndrome?

1. chromosomal mutation linked to an XX genotype
2. reduces fertility and increases breast development in affected individuals
3. affects only males
4. represented by chromosomal trisomy XXY

The case study of the peppered moths of Manchester, England represents a classic example of natural selection where the increase and decrease over time of each variant of the moths was influenced directly by cultural activities affecting the environment. In this example the selecting factor was the Industrial Revolution.                                                                

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

The analysis of genetic markers to better understand the development of agriculture in Europe demonstrates:                                                

1. agriculture was brought to Europe by Middle Eastern farmers
2. minimal interbreeding between Middle Eastern and European hunter-gatherers and farming developing from their descendants in Europe
3. support for Childe’s demic diffusion model
4. no conclusive evidence regarding how farming began in Europe

R.C. Lewontin found that human “races” have no taxonomic significance. He demonstrated this through:      

1. research indicating that most genetic variation is found across human populations
2. research indicating that most genetic variation is found within human populations
3. through the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics
4. through research that examined genetic diversity across different species of animals

Multiple biological traits:                                                                         

1. do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications
2. are race specific
3. do not exist in humans
4. help with biological profiling

Stressors during the prenatal stage include:                                                                     

1. drugs, alcohol and smoking
2. lack of exercise
3. heavy exercise like running and swimming
4. a vegetarian diet of greens, fruits and dairy products

Which of the following is related to the biological process of homeostasis or lack thereof?              

1. osteoporosis
2. Wolff’s Law
3. senescence
4. adult stage

Children living at high altitudes develop a larger chest cavity by adulthood than children living at lower altitudes. This is an example of:                                                               

1. developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life stages
2. environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level
3. inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations
4. acclimatization at the individual level

Although Allen’s and Bergmann’s rules most often explain body shape and morphology, we occasionally see variations from the correct patterns. This indicates that:                                                                          

1. the association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors
2. body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes
3. “the association between body shape, morpology and the environment is not a result of natural selection”
4. the long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization

Allen’s rule indicates that humans will have:                                                                   

1. long limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments
2. larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments
3. smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments
4. taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments

Relative to people with a history of living in temperate climates, the Inuit and other cold-adapted populations have:

1. short limbs and large bodies
2. have lower BMR
3. consume more carbohydrates
4. reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures

“Dark skin ( a result of increased melanin production in equatorial peoples) is likely a response to ultraviolet radiation, because UV radiation causes:”                                              

1. skin cancer
2. hypothermia
3. rickets
4. hypoxia

Rickets is the result of:                                               

1. a lack of vitamin D
2. severe air pollution
3. a lack of melanin
4. high UV exposure

Natural selection favored alleles for light skin in:                                                           

1. Europe
2. Australia
3. South America
4. Africa

The two main suborders of primates are:                                                                         

1. tarsiers and anthropoids
2. strepsirhini and haplorhini
3. pongidae and hominidae
4. platyrrhine and catarrhine

Which of the following are prosimians/strepsirhini?                                                                     

1. lemurs
2. baboons
3. tamarins
4. gibbons

“While at the zoo you see an exhibit with a small group of primates and notice they have wet, snout-like noses. This indicates:”                                                                 

1. a species of strepsirhini that retain a rhinarium found only in prosimian primates
2. a species of pongid, which frequently exhibits a moist fleshy pad at the end of the nose
3. a species of platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward
4. a species of hylobatid from Asia

Modern primates are characterized by arboreal adaptations, including:

1. opposable thumbs
2. large body build
3. short digits
4. increased reliance of sense of smell

Primate females:                                                                         

1. give birth to fewer offspring  than do many other mammals
2. give birth to twins regularly
3. give birth to more offspring than do many other mammals
4. invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals

Primates’ enhanced sense of vision stems from:                                                            

1. the fact that their eyes are rotated forward
2. their color vision
3. their tendency toward nocturnal behavior
4. all of the above

Anthropoids include:                                                                  

1. monkeys, apes and humans
2. tarsiers, lemurs and monkeys
3. African and Asian apes
4. lemurs and lorises

Prehensile tails are:                                                                    

1. present only in some platyrrhines
2. are made strictly of muscle
3. present in catarrhine primates
4. are found in all primates with tails

Strepsirhini have a special lower incisor called a:                                            

1. tooth/dental comb
2. two-ridge tooth
3. bilophodont
4. diastema

Primates have long growth and development periods because:                                                               

1. they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals
2. they take longer to develop to sexual maturity
3. on average they are larger bodied than nonprimates
4. the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates               

Brachiation refers to:                                                 

1. using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb
2. clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment
3. bipedality in humans
4. quadrupedal locomotion include the use of a tail

Which primate below would you most expect to be nocturnal?                                                               

1. loris
2. chimpanzee
3. gorilla
4. colobus monkey

Grooming involves:                                                                    

1. bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.
2. the development of males only
3. the development of alliances between females only
4. bonding between individuals of the same rank only and directed only toward hygiene

Male reproductive strategies emphasize:                                                                          

1. competition between males for access to reproductive-age females
2. risk-taking behavior
3. violence against competitors for female access
4. care of young

Which of the following are not known primate residence patterns?          

1. one-male, multifemale; all-male; solitary
2. one-female, multimale; one-male, multifemale; one-male, one-female
3. all-female; multimale, one female; solitary
4. one-male, multifemale; multimale, multifemale; solitary

Polyandrous residence patterns represent:                                                                      

1. a social grouping in which males cooperate in parenting activities
2. a social grouping that includes one male and multiple females
3. a social grouping that includes multiple adult males and females
4. common observations in prosimians and Old World monkeys