Chapter 5 - FCS 340
________ refers to biological characteristics that determine whether people have male or female genitalia, whether they menstruate, how much body hair they have, and whether they are able to bear children.
- Race
- Gender
- Sex
- Ethnicity
Which of the following is true of gender?
- It is based on physical traits.
- It is determined by genetic characteristics.
- It is based on cultural expectations.
- It is associated with anatomical differences.
________ refers to characteristics, attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that society expects of males and females.
- Gender identity
- Race
- Sex
- Gender role
Social scientists and biologists attribute different factors for the differences in men and women’s behavior. Which of the following is a difference between their points of view?
- Biologists state that human development is learned whereas social scientists do not.
- Social scientists believe that human development is innate whereas biologists do not.
- Social scientists argue that human development is influenced by heredity whereas biologists do not.
- Biologists state that human development is fairly fixed whereas social scientists do not.
Lloyd was born with both male and female sex organs. During his early childhood, his parents decided to raise him as a boy. As he grew older, Lloyd identified himself as a boy rather than as a girl. In this scenario, Lloyd is a(n) ________.
- homosexual
- intersexual
- transsexual
- transvestite
Kimberly watches her mother vacuum the house and asks for a toy vacuum so that she can also clean the house. According to the social learning theory, Kimberly is learning gender roles through ________.
- maturation
- imitation
- reinforcement
- modeling
Which theory argues that children acquire male or female values on their own by thinking, reasoning, and interpreting information in their environment?
- the social learning theory
- the cognitive development theory
- the feminist theory
- the gender-schema theory
According to ________, gender roles are socially constructed categories that emerge in social situations.
- sociobiology
- the cognitive development theory
- the symbolic interaction theory
- evolutionary psychology
Sociologist Erving Goffman refers to ________ as a process in which we provide information and cues to others to present ourselves in a favorable light while downplaying or concealing our less appealing qualities.
- impression management
- stereotyping
- gender scripting
- cognitive development
Charles’s family lives in a suburban neighborhood. He plays and socializes with kids of his age living in the neighborhood. His parents often discourage him from playing with kids outside the neighborhood, who belong to a different socio-economic group. In this scenario, the kids Charles’s plays with can be referred to as his ________.
- outgroup
- family
- peer group
- interest group
Which of the following is true of the role that schools play as socialization agents?
- Teachers become a part of a child’s peer group when he/she joins school.
- Teachers are among the most important socialization agents.
- Teachers encourage gender stereotypes solely in high school.
- Schools are always a child’s first socialization agent.
A father who is the sole breadwinner for his family is performing a(n) ________ role.
- institutional
- nurturing
- instrumental
- expressive
________ refers to people’s unequal access to wealth, power, status, opportunity, and other valued resources because of their sex.
- Economic differentiation
- Gender stratification
- Status accentuation
- Gender classification
Sexual harassment includes verbal behavior, nonverbal behavior, and physical contact. Which of the following is an example of verbal behavior?
- indecent gestures
- demands for sexual favors in return for promotions
- touching inappropriately
- sharing posters, photos, or drawings of a sexual nature
Which of the following is an example of nonverbal sexual harassment?
- Peter stares and leers at Johanna while she works at her desk.
- Melissa sends a note to her colleague, Toby, asking him to join her for a drink.
- Howard calls Phil for a meeting, and offers to hire him in return for a sexual favor.
- Tammy’s colleague, Jack often passes lewd comments at her during work.
Paul has been researching on women’s role in politics. During his research, he observes that women often spend many hours organizing support for a candidate instead of running for political office themselves. Which of the following best explains the reason behind this?
- Women are more likely than men to receive encouragement to run for office.
- The public prefers women candidates over men candidates to run for office.
- Women believe that they have leadership qualities in them.
- Women see themselves as supporters rather than doers.
Which of the following best describes “the feminization of higher education”?
- Women are more likely than men to teach in high schools.
- Women are more likely than men to have doctoral degrees.
- Women are more likely than men to finish college.
- Men tend to score higher in exams than women.
Studies have shown that women across all racial groups are far more likely to finish their higher education than men. Moreover, one-third of all doctoral recipients are women. However, the percentage of women found in STEM fields is relatively poor. Which of the following is likely to be a reason for this?
- Women working in STEM fields are discouraged from devoting time to their family.
- Women are less likely than men to be hired in STEM fields.
- Women tend to see themselves as overqualified and prefer to avoid STEM fields.
- There is a higher percentage of women earning professional degrees in comparison to men.
Generally, men are capable of speaking more frequently and for longer periods. This trait is referred to as ________.
- discourse analysis
- conversational maintenance work
- conversational analysis
- conversational dominance
Which of the following is true of the Global Gender Gap Index?
- It is based on key indicators in two main categories: social status and cultural development
- It gauges the relative equality between men and women on an indicator.
- It is a complete measure of a country’s development.
- It indicates a country’s overall wealth.
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