_____________ theories offer a coherent set of ideas related to how humans develop, how we change over time, and what factors in influence us across the lifespan. 

1. Developmental
2. Cognitive
3. Psychological
4. Biological

 Drives and urges are relatively quiet during this stage, according to Freud.

1. the oral stage
2. the genital stage
3. the anal stage
4. the latent stage

According to Freud, this part of our self is reasonable and practical:

1. Consciousness
2. Ego
3. Id
4. Superego

This theorist emphasized the potential a child has to learn if given guidance.

1. Pavlov
2. Piaget
3. Freud
4. Vygotsky

The ecological-systems perspective of human develop emphasizes

1. the relationship between the individual and the environment including social systems such as family, community and school.
2. the comparison of social systems in cultures with various types of subsistence patterns with and emphasis on hunter-gatherers and herding societies.
3. the importance of the physical environment, including pollutants, in affecting development.
4. the extent to which a person acts according to the “pleasure principle” or the “reality principle.”

This stage is experienced in early adulthood, according to Erikson.

1. trust vs. mistrust
2. industry vs. inferiority
3. identity vs. role confusion
4. intimacy vs. isolation

According to Erikson, a three month old is in which psychosocial stage?

1. autonomy vs. shame and doubt
2. caring vs. doing
3. integrity vs. despair
4. trust vs. mistrust

A dog learns to sit in order to get a treat. This best illustrates:

1. classical conditioning
2. trial and error learning
3. social learning theory
4. operant conditioning

When a child learns a behavior from watching a model do the same behavior, it is called:

1. Classical conditioning
2. Influence
3. Reinforcement
4. Social learning

A dog is shocked at the time a bell rings. Eventually, the dog begins to jump in fear at the sound of a bell. What is the unconditioned response? (Hint: the unconditioned response is a response to a stimulus that unlearned and instinctual)

1. The sound of the bell
2. The administration of the shock
3. Jumping to the shock
4. The jumping when a bell is sounded

_____________ was one of the first theorists to recognize that children think differently than adults.

1. Freud
2. Bandura
3. Piaget
4. Vgotsky

According to Piaget, pre-school age children children learn to understand the world through _______________.

1. adults
2. symbols
3. sensorimotor exploration
4. neuronal growth

Cognitive theories aim to help us understand  _____________ in lifespan development. 

1. Mental processes
2. Genetics
3. Social learning
4. Behaviors

According to Piaget, children create mental frameworks called ________ to understand the world. 

1. schema
2. scaffolding
3. experiences
4. models

Which of the following is not a defense mechanism? 

1. Denial
2. Sublimation
3. Assimilation
4. Repression

The following is an example of negative reinforcement:

1. giving a child a gold star for good behavior
2. instituting a curfew for being late
3. taking away one’s license for speeding
4. taking pain medication for a headache

_________________ occurs when a child learn something new about the world and makes space for this new schema in their mind. 

1. Assimilation
2. Reinforcement
3. Sublimation
4. Accommodation

One of the major criticisms of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is about the lack of emphasis the role of ___________ has in this process. 

1. Culture
2. Biology
3. Gender
4. Conditioning

An example of a macrosystem, according to Bronfenbrenner, is:

1. School
2. War
3. Religious Teachings
4. A child’s daily routine

Who is one of the most controversial theorists in lifespan psychology, according to the text?

1. Piaget
2. Freud
3. Bronfenbrenner
4. Erikson