Exam 2

A  An endocast allowed us to learn about the maturation rate of Australopithecus afarensis

B  Selam’s fossil contained her entire skull and spinal cord

C  She was an infant, and infant fossils are less common in the fossil record

D  Selam was an elderly fossil, which showed us how early Australopithecines started aging

A  She was not capable of bipedalism

B  She had large, thick molars and sexually dimorphic canines

C  Her brain size was roughly 440 cubic centimeters

D  Her legs were longer than her arms, but her arms were still long enough to brachiate

A  Flared zygomatics, Sagittal crest and Huge molars

B  Flared zygomatics, Sagittal keel and delicate mandible

C  Sagittal keel and delicate mandible

D  Flared zygomatics, Sagittal keel and Huge molars

A  Sagittal crest, Sagittal keel and Nuchal torus

B  Sagittal crest, Flared zygomatics and Nuchal torus

C  Sagittal crest, Flared zygomatics and Huge molars

D  Sagittal keel and Nuchal torus

A  Collective problem solving strategies among apes

B  Political strategies by male chimpanzees

C  Ability to learn English words and communicate them verbally

D  Grieving and mourning among mother chimpanzees

A  canine, incisors, premolars, molars

B  incisors, premolars, canines, molars

C  Incisors, canines, premolars, molars

D  canines, incisors, premolars

A  Whether the climate is conducive to mating

B  If the male’s participation in child rearing increases the likelihood the child will survive.

C  Whether a male can protect all the females and children in the group single handedly

D  Whether the primates are nocturnal

A  Have live young

B  Endothermic

C  Produce milk for their young

D  Exothermic

A  dental enamel

B  dental attrition

C  dental formula

D  dental arcade

A  imply that there is a biological component to the behavior of motherhood.

B  to show that the benefits of motherhood do not outweigh the costs.

C  show that rhesus monkeys do not get attached to their infants like other mammals.

D  Suggest that motherhood is learned

A  bows and arrows

B  wooden spears

C  Fossil bones

D  Atylatl

A  Herto cranium

B  Kabwe cranium

C  Turkana boy

D  Bodo cranium

A  Advanced use of hunting and trapping materials that showed Neanderthals exploited small game resources as well as oceanic resources

B  Leather working instruments that showed Neanderthals were manipulating animals pelts in order to making clothing and shoes

C  Burials where Neanderthal bodies were placed in the fetal position and covered in flowers, reflecting a potential for spirituality

D  A Levallois tool making technique that allowed Neanderthals to control the size and shape of their stone tools

A  Neanderthals had bodies that were lighter and leaner than Homo sapiens, which allowed them to retain more heat in an arctic environment

B  Neanderthals had bodies of equal size to Homo sapiens, which allowed them to effectively compete for resources in a mild climate

C  Neanderthals had short and stocky bodies that allowed them to retain heat in an arctic environment

D  Neanderthals had short and stocky bodies that allowed them to reduce heat in a sub-tropical environment

A  Projected mid face

B  Double arched brow

C  Relatively small brain size compared to Homo sapiens

D  Swept back cheeks

A  Plesiadapiforms

B  Omomyoids

C  Adapoids

D  Procunsul

A  acheulean

B  Oldowan

C  Magdelanian

D  Mousterian

A  The Dmanisi were still using Oldowan tools, but anthropologists believed Homo erectus needed to use more advanced tools in order to meet their energy budget.

B  The Dmanisi were found in Georgia outside of Africa and date back to 1.8 mya, which pushes the date of migration by Homo erectus back nearly 1 million years.

C  The Dmanisi were very small in stature and lacked the features we originally believed Homo erectus needed in order to travel long distances outside of Africa.

D  The Dmanisi were found to be advanced hunters, which negated the theory that Homo erectus migrated because they were following animals they scavenged from.

A  Thinner browridge that ancestors

B  Sagittal keel

C  950 cc average brain size

D  Long, low braincase

A  Homo sapiens

B  Australopithecus afarensis

C  Sahelenthropus tchadensis

D  Homo erectus

A  Barrel shaped rib cage

B  Stabilized foot arch

C  Longer toes

D  Longer legs