Midterm 1

A  cosmogenous and hydrogenous

B  biogenous and hydrogenous

C  biogenous and cosmogenous

D  biogenous and lithogenous

E  lithogenous and hydrogenous

F  cosmogenous and lithogenous

A  land based plants

B  fish and amphibians

C  microscopic organisms

D  dinosaurs

A  hydrogenous

B  lithogenous

C  cosmogenous

D  volcanic

A  very little sediment accumulates on continental margins

B  relatively few marine organisms live in the waters over the continental margins

C  biogenous material dissolves faster than it accumulates

D  the biogenous component tends to be overwhelmed by the amount of lithogenous material derived from the nearby continent

A  productivity

B  ecology

C  dilution

D  destruction

A  calcium carbonate; volcanic ash

B  silica; calcium carbonate

C  basalt; granite

D  silica; quartz

A  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will form sediments that last

B  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

C  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

D  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is stable and can form sediments that last

A  volcanic particles

B  diatom ooze

C  clays

D  beach sand

E  wind-driven dust

A  clay-sized particles

B  large particles

C  cosmogenous sediments

D  hydrogenous sediments

A  fabric

B  sorting

C  texture

D  composition

A  basalt volcanism

B  a central rift valley

C  thick layers of sediment

D  hydrothermal vents

A  parts of continents that broke off

B  parts of volcanic island arcs

C  volcanic in origin

D  formed at hot spots

A  continental slopes

B  continental shelfs

C  abyssal plains

D  submarine canyons

A  sonar waves

B  mapping with satellite

C  magnetometer

D  depth sounding

A  hydrology

B  tomography

C  cartography

D  bathymetry

E  navigation

A  a transform boundary

B  a convergent boundary

C  a divergent boundary

D  a hot spot

A  submarine canyons

B  subduction zones

C  transform faults

D  the mid-ocean ridge

A  mantle; crust

B  lithosphere; asthenosphere

C  lithosphere; mesosphere

D  asthenosphere; lithosphere

A  a human can run

B  a human can walk

C  a snail crawls

D  a human’s fingernail grows

A  at the bottom of the ocean

B  in the middle of the plates

C  on the continents

D  at plate boundaries

A  a symmetrical pattern of normal and reverse magnetization in ocean crustal rocks

B  subduction

C  sea floor spreading

D  mass extinction of life-forms

A  convergent; oceanic; divergent

B  convergent; continental; divergent

C  divergent; oceanic; convergent

D  divergent; continental; convergent

A  theories

B  hypotheses

C  guesses

D  observations

A  theory formation

B  testing

C  hypothesis

D  observation

A  Sahara Desert

B  Pacific Ocean

C  Antarctica

D  Amazon Rainforest

A  Asthensophere

B  Ionosphere

C  Lithosphere

A  Asthensophere

B  Lithosphere

C  Ionosphere

A  Granite

B  Basalth

C  Dolomite

A  Granite

B  Iron

C  Coal

A  Basalth

B  Granite

C  Iron and Nickel

A  Density stratification

B  Outgassing

C  Radiometric dating

A  Outgassing

B  Density stratification

C  Innergassing

A  Radiometric dating

B  Density stratification

C  Outgassing

A  Calcium carbonate

B  Basalth

C  Granite

A  Lithosphere

B  Pangea

C  Asthensophere

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  2.5 billion years ago

B  4 billion years ago

C  200,000 years ago

A  200,000 years ago

B  4 billion years ago

C  4.5 billion years ago

A  4.5 billion years ago

B  2.5 billion years ago

C  200,000 years ago

A  2.5 billion years ago

B  4 billion years ago

C  4.5 billion years ago

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE