Module 7 Quiz

A  Antidiuretic hormone

B  Erythropoietin

C  1,25(OH2) Vitamin D3

D  Growth hormone

A  Serum creatinine level

B  Urine creatinine level

C  Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

D  Random urine output volume

A  lobule.

B  nephron.

C  glomerulus.

D  bladder.

A  Folate deficiency

B  Decreased erythropoietin synthesis

C  Bone loss from decreased 1,25(OH2) vitamin D3 synthesis

D  Decreased iron absorption

A  kidney; adrenal gland

B  adrenal gland; brain

C  kidney; brain

D  adrenal gland; kidney

A  Serum and urine protein

B  Serum creatinine, serum urea, serum uric acid, and creatinine clearance

C  Serum renin and erythropoietin

D  Serum sodium and potassium, and arterial blood pH

A  degraded by circulating proteases to form the final form of BNP.

B  an isoenzyme that migrates separately from BNP on an electrophoresis.

C  the C-terminal portion of the prepro-hormone natriuretic peptide (BNP).

D  the N-terminal fragment of proBNP.

A  HPLC.

B  nephelometry.

C  serum electrophoresis.

D  immunoassay.

A  Myoglobin

B  Total CK

C  CK-2 (CKMB)

D  Troponin

A  Myoglobin

B  Troponins

C  CK-2 (CK-MB)

D  hs-CRP

A  congestive heart failure.

B  angina.

C  thrombolysis.

D  acute myocardial infarction.

A  Ternary complex of T-I-C

B  Cardiac troponin T

C  Cardiac troponin C

D  Cardiac troponin I

A  Release of tissue factor leading to coagulability

B  Cellular involvement and clot formation

C  Damage to the endothelium of cardiac blood vessels

D  Increased concentration of circulating coagulation factors

A  UAE increase indicates increased glycation of serum albumin that forms fructosamine and leads to ketoacidosis.

B  it assesses the long-term blood glucose concentration in a diabetic to monitor glucose control over an 8- to 12-week period.

C  increased UAE is highly predictive of and is thought to precede diabetic nephropathy and end-stage renal disease.

D  this indicates increased attachment of glucose to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that contribute to the microvascular complications of diabetes.

A  increased urinary albumin excretion between the range of 20–200 µg/min that is measured by the laboratory in the chronic management of diabetes mellitus.

B  a large albumin molecule that is present only in urine and that is measured by the lab in preclinical screening for diabetes.

C  an albumin molecule that is larger and less functional because of the effects of hyperglycemia that is measured by the laboratory in the clinical diagnosis of diabetes.

D  a long-lived glycated albumin molecule found in the urine of a type 2 diabetic and measured by the laboratory in the acute management of a diabetic.

A  autoimmune reaction.

B  insulin resistance.

C  absolute deficiency of insulin.

D  genetic factors.

A  is associated with resistance to the action of insulin.

B  is also referred to as gestational diabetes.

C  occurs less frequently than type 1 diabetes.

D  is often initially observed in an individual with ketoacidosis.

A  hyperinsulinemia.

B  decreased blood pH with increased ketone bodies.

C  hyperglycemia.

D  hyperlipidemia.

A  The value must remain within healthy glucose reference interval.

B  The value must be ≥500 mg/dL glucose.

C  The value must be ≥200 mg/dL glucose.

D  The value must be ≥140 mg/dL glucose.

A  Demonstration of elevated hemoglobin A1c

B  Demonstration of impaired glucose tolerance in the OGTT

C  Presence of ketones in urine on more than one occasion

D  Consistent hyperglycemia after a 72-hour fast