Midterm 1

A  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

B  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

C  determine the author’s background

D  evaluate the author’s sources

A  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

B  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

C  direct quotes requires a citation

D  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

A  government documents

B  encyclopedias

C  dictionaries

D  human sources

A  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

B  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

C  hand it in only once it is perfect

D  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

A  write a sentence that expresses your claim

B  choose and broaden your topic

C  know yourself

D  know your audience

A  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

B  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

C  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

D  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

A  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

B  it agrees with my views

C  it is well written or well spoken

D  it is a persuasive argument

A  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

B  be charitable

C  try to use as many words as the original argument

D  take what is unclear and make it clear

A  number the steps of the argument

B  write in complete sentences

C  fill in missing premises or conclusions

D  put the conclusion first

A  loaded question

B  false alternatives

C  in appropriate appeal to authority

D  appeal to ignorance

A  slippery slope

B  hasty generalization

C  weak analogy

D  inconsistency

A  scare tactics

B  straw man

C  bandwagon argument

D  red herring

A  two wrongs make a right

B  attacking the motive

C  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

D  a personal attack (ad hominem)

A  since

B  given that

C  for

D  therefore

A  because

B  if follows that

C  thus

D  consequently

A  a conditional statement

B  a report

C  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

D  an illustration

A  Anita Roddick

B  Mandala

C  Gandhi

D  Mohammed Yunus

A  Anita Roddick

B  Muhammed Yunus

C  Gandhi

D  Mandela

A  attention

B  patience

C  explicitness

D  none of these

A  attention

B  none of these

C  explicitness

D  patience

A  attention

B  none of these

C  patience

D  explicitness

A  ethics and money

B  ethics and what we eat

C  ethics and work

D  ethics and sex

A  ethics and what we eat

B  ethics and money

C  ethics and work

D  ethics and sex

A  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

B  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

C  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

D  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

A  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

B  a problem with two sharply opposed options

C  thought to be impossible to solve

D  a problem with two sharply opposed options, each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side, and thought to be impossible to solve

A  none of these

B  revisit outlying parts of the problem

C  ask if the problem can be prevented

D  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

A  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

B  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

C  homelessness in other cultures

D  abortion and animal research in Japan

A  random word method

B  exaggeration

C  reversal

D  full steam ahead method

A  it is essential for practical problem solving

B  it seeks to reframe the problem

C  it seeks to limit the possibilities

D  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

A  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

B  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision, it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech, and it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

C  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

D  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

A  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

B  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

C  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

D  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

A  picking the side you personally like the best

B  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

C  finding the best balance between values at stake

D  trying to take into account the values on all sides

A  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide, utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide, and Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

B  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

C  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

D  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

A  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

B  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

C  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

D  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

A  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

B  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

C  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

D  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

A  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

B  it makes the problem the problem

C  it is legalistic and judgmental

D  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

A  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

B  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature, moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings,and by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

C  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

D  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

A  not be frightened by loud noises

B  like to hunt

C  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

D  be quiet

A  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

B  moral and legal rights of the individual

C  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

D  reduction of social pain and suffering

A  advocated by Immanuel Kant

B  regards persons as supremely valuable

C  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

D  advocated by Martin Buber

A  it is concerned with the well being of others

B  it is a rational aim

C  it is short term

D  it is essentially social

A  focuses on happiness

B  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

C  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

D  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

A  include greed, lust, and gluttony

B  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

C  may be organized into ethical theories

D  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

A  Abraham thinks for himself

B  God listened to Abraham

C  Abraham bargains with God,

D  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

A  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

B  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

C  some of the values were different then than they are now

D  the main point of the story is not clear

A  not wearing garments made out of blended material

B  not eating shrimp and lobster

C  not eating bacon, shrimp and lobster and not wearing garments made out of blended material and

D  not eating bacon

A  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

B  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

C  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

D  lying to hide fugitive slaves

A  rules make life simpler

B  rules may conflict

C  rules replace the need to think

D  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

A  welcome challenges

B  pursue the facts

C  welcome change

D  limit your experience to what you know is true

A  seek out people with whom you do not agree

B  let challenges stretch your mind

C  aim to live more comfortably

D  seek out challenges

A  dogmatism

B  sound ethical thinking

C  offhand self justification

D  relativism

A  relativism

B  offhand self-justification

C  dogmatism

D  sound ethical thinking

A  avoiding name calling

B  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

C  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

D  keeping an open mind