Midterm 1

A  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

B  evaluate the author’s sources

C  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

D  determine the author’s background

A  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

B  direct quotes requires a citation

C  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

D  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

A  human sources

B  dictionaries

C  encyclopedias

D  government documents

A  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

B  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

C  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

D  hand it in only once it is perfect

A  choose and broaden your topic

B  know yourself

C  know your audience

D  write a sentence that expresses your claim

A  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

B  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

C  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

D  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

A  it is well written or well spoken

B  it is a persuasive argument

C  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

D  it agrees with my views

A  try to use as many words as the original argument

B  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

C  be charitable

D  take what is unclear and make it clear

A  fill in missing premises or conclusions

B  number the steps of the argument

C  put the conclusion first

D  write in complete sentences

A  false alternatives

B  in appropriate appeal to authority

C  loaded question

D  appeal to ignorance

A  inconsistency

B  slippery slope

C  hasty generalization

D  weak analogy

A  red herring

B  scare tactics

C  straw man

D  bandwagon argument

A  a personal attack (ad hominem)

B  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

C  attacking the motive

D  two wrongs make a right

A  since

B  therefore

C  for

D  given that

A  because

B  consequently

C  thus

D  if follows that

A  an illustration

B  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

C  a conditional statement

D  a report

A  Anita Roddick

B  Gandhi

C  Mohammed Yunus

D  Mandala

A  Muhammed Yunus

B  Mandela

C  Gandhi

D  Anita Roddick

A  patience

B  attention

C  explicitness

D  none of these

A  explicitness

B  none of these

C  attention

D  patience

A  patience

B  none of these

C  attention

D  explicitness

A  ethics and money

B  ethics and what we eat

C  ethics and sex

D  ethics and work

A  ethics and work

B  ethics and money

C  ethics and sex

D  ethics and what we eat

A  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

B  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

C  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

D  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

A  a problem with two sharply opposed options

B  thought to be impossible to solve

C  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

D  a problem with two sharply opposed options, each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side, and thought to be impossible to solve

A  none of these

B  revisit outlying parts of the problem

C  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

D  ask if the problem can be prevented

A  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

B  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

C  homelessness in other cultures

D  abortion and animal research in Japan

A  exaggeration

B  random word method

C  reversal

D  full steam ahead method

A  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

B  it seeks to reframe the problem

C  it seeks to limit the possibilities

D  it is essential for practical problem solving

A  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

B  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision, it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech, and it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

C  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

D  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

A  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

B  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

C  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

D  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

A  picking the side you personally like the best

B  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

C  trying to take into account the values on all sides

D  finding the best balance between values at stake

A  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

B  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

C  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

D  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide, utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide, and Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

A  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

B  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

C  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

D  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

A  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

B  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

C  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

D  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

A  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

B  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

C  it makes the problem the problem

D  it is legalistic and judgmental

A  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature, moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings,and by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

B  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

C  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

D  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

A  not be frightened by loud noises

B  like to hunt

C  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

D  be quiet

A  reduction of social pain and suffering

B  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

C  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

D  moral and legal rights of the individual

A  regards persons as supremely valuable

B  advocated by Immanuel Kant

C  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

D  advocated by Martin Buber

A  it is short term

B  it is a rational aim

C  it is concerned with the well being of others

D  it is essentially social

A  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

B  focuses on happiness

C  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

D  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

A  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

B  may be organized into ethical theories

C  include greed, lust, and gluttony

D  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

A  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

B  Abraham bargains with God,

C  God listened to Abraham

D  Abraham thinks for himself

A  some of the values were different then than they are now

B  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

C  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

D  the main point of the story is not clear

A  not eating bacon, shrimp and lobster and not wearing garments made out of blended material and

B  not eating bacon

C  not eating shrimp and lobster

D  not wearing garments made out of blended material

A  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

B  lying to hide fugitive slaves

C  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

D  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

A  rules make life simpler

B  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

C  rules replace the need to think

D  rules may conflict

A  limit your experience to what you know is true

B  welcome challenges

C  welcome change

D  pursue the facts

A  seek out people with whom you do not agree

B  let challenges stretch your mind

C  aim to live more comfortably

D  seek out challenges

A  sound ethical thinking

B  relativism

C  dogmatism

D  offhand self justification

A  offhand self-justification

B  dogmatism

C  relativism

D  sound ethical thinking

A  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

B  avoiding name calling

C  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

D  keeping an open mind