Midterm 1

A  evaluate the author’s sources

B  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

C  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

D  determine the author’s background

A  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

B  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

C  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

D  direct quotes requires a citation

A  government documents

B  dictionaries

C  encyclopedias

D  human sources

A  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

B  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

C  hand it in only once it is perfect

D  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

A  choose and broaden your topic

B  write a sentence that expresses your claim

C  know yourself

D  know your audience

A  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

B  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

C  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

D  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

A  it agrees with my views

B  it is well written or well spoken

C  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

D  it is a persuasive argument

A  be charitable

B  take what is unclear and make it clear

C  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

D  try to use as many words as the original argument

A  fill in missing premises or conclusions

B  put the conclusion first

C  number the steps of the argument

D  write in complete sentences

A  in appropriate appeal to authority

B  appeal to ignorance

C  loaded question

D  false alternatives

A  inconsistency

B  slippery slope

C  weak analogy

D  hasty generalization

A  red herring

B  bandwagon argument

C  scare tactics

D  straw man

A  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

B  a personal attack (ad hominem)

C  attacking the motive

D  two wrongs make a right

A  given that

B  for

C  since

D  therefore

A  thus

B  because

C  consequently

D  if follows that

A  a conditional statement

B  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

C  an illustration

D  a report

A  Mandala

B  Gandhi

C  Anita Roddick

D  Mohammed Yunus

A  Muhammed Yunus

B  Mandela

C  Gandhi

D  Anita Roddick

A  attention

B  none of these

C  patience

D  explicitness

A  explicitness

B  patience

C  attention

D  none of these

A  none of these

B  attention

C  patience

D  explicitness

A  ethics and what we eat

B  ethics and work

C  ethics and sex

D  ethics and money

A  ethics and money

B  ethics and what we eat

C  ethics and sex

D  ethics and work

A  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

B  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

C  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

D  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

A  a problem with two sharply opposed options

B  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

C  thought to be impossible to solve

D  a problem with two sharply opposed options, each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side, and thought to be impossible to solve

A  revisit outlying parts of the problem

B  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

C  ask if the problem can be prevented

D  none of these

A  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

B  homelessness in other cultures

C  abortion and animal research in Japan

D  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

A  random word method

B  exaggeration

C  reversal

D  full steam ahead method

A  it seeks to limit the possibilities

B  it is essential for practical problem solving

C  it seeks to reframe the problem

D  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

A  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

B  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision, it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech, and it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

C  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

D  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

A  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

B  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

C  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

D  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

A  trying to take into account the values on all sides

B  picking the side you personally like the best

C  finding the best balance between values at stake

D  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

A  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

B  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

C  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide, utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide, and Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

D  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

A  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

B  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

C  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

D  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

A  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

B  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

C  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

D  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

A  it makes the problem the problem

B  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

C  it is legalistic and judgmental

D  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

A  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

B  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature, moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings,and by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

C  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

D  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

A  be quiet

B  like to hunt

C  not be frightened by loud noises

D  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

A  reduction of social pain and suffering

B  moral and legal rights of the individual

C  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

D  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

A  advocated by Immanuel Kant

B  regards persons as supremely valuable

C  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

D  advocated by Martin Buber

A  it is essentially social

B  it is concerned with the well being of others

C  it is a rational aim

D  it is short term

A  focuses on happiness

B  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

C  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

D  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

A  may be organized into ethical theories

B  include greed, lust, and gluttony

C  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

D  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

A  God listened to Abraham

B  Abraham bargains with God,

C  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

D  Abraham thinks for himself

A  the main point of the story is not clear

B  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

C  some of the values were different then than they are now

D  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

A  not wearing garments made out of blended material

B  not eating bacon, shrimp and lobster and not wearing garments made out of blended material and

C  not eating bacon

D  not eating shrimp and lobster

A  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

B  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

C  lying to hide fugitive slaves

D  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

A  rules may conflict

B  rules replace the need to think

C  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

D  rules make life simpler

A  welcome challenges

B  welcome change

C  limit your experience to what you know is true

D  pursue the facts

A  seek out people with whom you do not agree

B  aim to live more comfortably

C  let challenges stretch your mind

D  seek out challenges

A  sound ethical thinking

B  offhand self justification

C  dogmatism

D  relativism

A  dogmatism

B  sound ethical thinking

C  offhand self-justification

D  relativism

A  keeping an open mind

B  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

C  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

D  avoiding name calling