Exam 2

A  Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes

B  Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems

C  Can cure any disease

D  Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body

A  Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body

B  Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

C  Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy

D  Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing

A  Mitochondria

B  Chloroplasts

C  Ribosomes

D  Lysosomes

A  Protein used to increase muscle size

B  Carbohydrate used as energy source

C  Fat used for protection

D  Atom used to make oxygen

A  second messengers

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

C  second messengers

A  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

B  second messengers

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

C  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

A  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

B  to release energy needed to make ATP

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

C  covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix

A  to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol

B  to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration

C  to convert sugar into starch

D  to release energy needed to make ATP

A  H2O2 evaporating

B  boiling of living tissues

C  release of O2 from the reaction

D  enzymes getting denatured

A  Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.

B  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.

C  Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.

D  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.

A  signal transduction

B  aerobic respiration

C  photosynthesis

D  fermentation

A  final product of the reaction.

B  an intermediate of the pathway.

C  the substrate that was broken down.

D  an enzyme needed to make ATP.

A  B

B  A

C  C

A  consumed during respiration

B  consumed during photosynthesis

C  released during photosynthesis

D  released during respiration

A  Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

B  All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.

C  All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.

D  Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

A  amount of O2 consumed

B  decrease in mass of peas

C  amount of ATP produced

D  amount of CO2 released

A  Photosynthesis only

B  Photosynthesis & Respiration

C  Respiration only

D  Fermentation only

A  acetone & petroleum ether

B  alcohol

C  iodine

D  water

A  color of the solution inside the test tubes

B  coagulation

C  presence/absence of rennin (rennet)

D  presence/absence of milk protein

A  grass green chlorophyll a

B  yellow green chlorophyll b

C  yellow carotene

D  purple anthocyanin

A  dry peas & beads

B  soaked peas only

C  beads only

D  soaked peas & beads

A  boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.

B  boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.

C  enzymes destroy living tissues.

D  there are no enzymes in living tissues.

A  Second messenger

B  Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it

C  Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body

D  Relay protein

A  ion channel receptor opens up

B  cAMP is formed

C  response protein is activated

A  second messenger

B  receptors

C  local regulator

D  relay protein

A  Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.

B  Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.

C  Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it

B  role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction

C  presence of enzyme inhibitors

A  A protein kinase is phosphorylated.

B  Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein

C  Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.

A  local regulators

B  small & polar such as Ca ions

C  lipid-based such as steroids

D  peptide-based such as insulin

A  mitochondrioal matrix

B  thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

C  cell’s cytoplasm

D  stroma of the chloroplast

A  NADPH

B  glucose

C  carbon dioxide

D  water

A  photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy

B  green light is absorbed by the leaves

C  photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves

A  carbon dioxide

B  water

C  oxygen gas

D  glucose

A  fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

B  enhance photorespiration

C  use a different enzyme to fix CO2

D  store water at night

A  to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use

B  to make energy-rich fuel molecules

C  to breakdown sugar for energy

D  to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume

A  glucose into lactic acid

B  carbon dioxide int oxygen gas

C  light into chemical energy

D  light into oxygen gas

A  ADP and NADP+

B  ATP and NADPH

C  H2O and O2

D  CO2 and glucose

A  It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid

B  It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas

C  It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.

A  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

B  Glycolysis

C  Calvin cycle

D  Krebs cycle

A  to release carbon dioxide

B  to create energy-rich products

C  for energy

D  to use up oxygen gas

A  glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar

B  pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

C  energy is released to produce ATP

D  intermediates get oxidized by NAD+

A  plasma membrane

B  chloroplast

C  mitochondrion

D  cytoplasm

A  Glycolysis

B  Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

C  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

A  Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate

B  Glucose is split into two pyruvates.

C  Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.

D  The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.

A  anti-oxidants & inorganic salts

B  cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria

C  carbon dioxide & water

D  energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas

A  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.

B  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.

C  Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.

A  H2O and O2

B  glucose and pyruvate

C  NAD+ and FAD+

D  ATP and citric acid

A  cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.

B  ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.

C  ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.

D  high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.

A  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

B  light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis

C  light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis

D  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

E  glycolysis

A  binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site

B  occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it

C  pulling the substrates away from the enzyme

A  warm moist environment

B  high concentration of its inhibitor

C  inside the freezer

D  boiled

E  pH =1

A  synthesize large macromolecules

B  detoxify toxins

C  digest food

D  release energy from “fuel” molecules

A  1

B  3

C  2

D  4

A  B & C are intermediates.

B  D is much smaller than A.

C  A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.

A  the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate

B  its polarity has to be similar to the product’s polarity

C  it has to be the same size as the substrate

A  To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.

B  Life contradicts the law of entropy.

C  Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.