Exam 2

A  Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body

B  Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems

C  Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes

D  Can cure any disease

A  Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing

B  Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

C  Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body

D  Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy

A  Lysosomes

B  Chloroplasts

C  Ribosomes

D  Mitochondria

A  Carbohydrate used as energy source

B  Atom used to make oxygen

C  Fat used for protection

D  Protein used to increase muscle size

A  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  second messengers

A  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

B  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

C  second messengers

A  second messengers

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

C  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

C  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

A  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

B  to release energy needed to make ATP

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

A  covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  to release energy needed to make ATP

B  to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration

C  to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol

D  to convert sugar into starch

A  boiling of living tissues

B  H2O2 evaporating

C  enzymes getting denatured

D  release of O2 from the reaction

A  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.

B  Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.

C  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.

D  Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.

A  aerobic respiration

B  photosynthesis

C  fermentation

D  signal transduction

A  final product of the reaction.

B  an intermediate of the pathway.

C  the substrate that was broken down.

D  an enzyme needed to make ATP.

A  A

B  C

C  B

A  consumed during photosynthesis

B  consumed during respiration

C  released during photosynthesis

D  released during respiration

A  Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

B  Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

C  All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.

D  All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.

A  amount of ATP produced

B  decrease in mass of peas

C  amount of CO2 released

D  amount of O2 consumed

A  Respiration only

B  Photosynthesis & Respiration

C  Photosynthesis only

D  Fermentation only

A  acetone & petroleum ether

B  water

C  iodine

D  alcohol

A  presence/absence of milk protein

B  coagulation

C  color of the solution inside the test tubes

D  presence/absence of rennin (rennet)

A  yellow carotene

B  purple anthocyanin

C  grass green chlorophyll a

D  yellow green chlorophyll b

A  soaked peas & beads

B  dry peas & beads

C  soaked peas only

D  beads only

A  there are no enzymes in living tissues.

B  boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.

C  enzymes destroy living tissues.

D  boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.

A  Relay protein

B  Second messenger

C  Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body

D  Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it

A  ion channel receptor opens up

B  response protein is activated

C  cAMP is formed

A  relay protein

B  second messenger

C  local regulator

D  receptors

A  Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.

B  Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.

C  Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it

B  presence of enzyme inhibitors

C  role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction

A  Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.

B  Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein

C  A protein kinase is phosphorylated.

A  local regulators

B  lipid-based such as steroids

C  peptide-based such as insulin

D  small & polar such as Ca ions

A  cell’s cytoplasm

B  thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

C  mitochondrioal matrix

D  stroma of the chloroplast

A  water

B  carbon dioxide

C  glucose

D  NADPH

A  photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves

B  photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy

C  green light is absorbed by the leaves

A  oxygen gas

B  water

C  carbon dioxide

D  glucose

A  fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

B  use a different enzyme to fix CO2

C  store water at night

D  enhance photorespiration

A  to breakdown sugar for energy

B  to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume

C  to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use

D  to make energy-rich fuel molecules

A  light into oxygen gas

B  light into chemical energy

C  glucose into lactic acid

D  carbon dioxide int oxygen gas

A  H2O and O2

B  CO2 and glucose

C  ADP and NADP+

D  ATP and NADPH

A  It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid

B  It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.

C  It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas

A  Krebs cycle

B  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

C  Glycolysis

D  Calvin cycle

A  to create energy-rich products

B  for energy

C  to use up oxygen gas

D  to release carbon dioxide

A  pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

B  intermediates get oxidized by NAD+

C  energy is released to produce ATP

D  glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar

A  cytoplasm

B  mitochondrion

C  plasma membrane

D  chloroplast

A  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

B  Glycolysis

C  Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

A  Glucose is split into two pyruvates.

B  Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.

C  Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate

D  The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.

A  energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas

B  carbon dioxide & water

C  anti-oxidants & inorganic salts

D  cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria

A  Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.

B  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.

C  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.

A  H2O and O2

B  NAD+ and FAD+

C  ATP and citric acid

D  glucose and pyruvate

A  ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.

B  high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.

C  ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.

D  cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.

A  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

B  light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis

C  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

D  glycolysis

E  light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis

A  binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site

B  occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it

C  pulling the substrates away from the enzyme

A  inside the freezer

B  warm moist environment

C  high concentration of its inhibitor

D  boiled

E  pH =1

A  synthesize large macromolecules

B  digest food

C  release energy from “fuel” molecules

D  detoxify toxins

A  2

B  4

C  3

D  1

A  D is much smaller than A.

B  B & C are intermediates.

C  A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.

A  it has to be the same size as the substrate

B  the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate

C  its polarity has to be similar to the product’s polarity

A  Life contradicts the law of entropy.

B  To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.

C  Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.