Navigation » List of Schools » Mission College Santa Clara » Anthropology » Anthropology 001 – Introduction to Physical Anthropology » Summer 2021 » Final Exam
Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:
Question #1
A Humans use spoken language.
B Humans have opposable big toes.
C Apes have longitudinal arches in their feet.
D Apes have a complex material culture.
Question #2
A tool use.
B hunting.
C speech.
D bipedalism.
Question #3
A Gigantopithecus
B Sahelanthropus
C Orrorin
D Paranthropus
Question #4
A opposable hallux
B femurs angled to produce valgus knees
C a narrow pelvis
D posterior position of the foramen magnum
Question #5
A gingival space.
B mesial bridge.
C diastema.
D dental gap.
Question #6
A more risk of developing arthritis and back injuries
B more difficulty transporting children
C more difficulty transporting food
D more limited ways of making tools
Question #7
A nails instead of claws
B longitudinal arch in the foot
C opposable big toe
D dermal ridges on feet
Question #8
A eosimians
B hominins
C gorillas
D chimpanzees
Question #9
A acidic soil
B protection from scavengers
C a long period of exposure
D an oxygen-filled environment
Question #10
A point and synonymous
B synonymous and nonsynonymous
C frameshift and transposable
D spontaneous and induced
Question #11
A an expanded reliance on sense of smell.
B short digits.
C opposable thumbs.
D a precision grip.
Question #12
A a fossil found in a particular site.
B the ideal specimen of that species to which all later descriptions must refer.
C a marker species used to determine the age of a geological layer.
D the type specimen of a species.
Question #13
A the Y chromosome is present in males only.
B sperm are more powerful than eggs.
C the X chromosome originates only from females.
D the X chromosome determines sex.
Question #14
A Primates emerged because of adaptations to feeding fruit.
B Greater intelligence allowed primates to locomote on two feet.
C A heightened sense of smell was important for finding food in the forest.
D Grasping hands and feet were necessary for living in trees.
Question #15
A They show great behavioral differences but are identical in appearance.
B They are a closely related species that have branched from one species.
C They have moved to one area from ancient unrelated species of finches.
D They are no different from ancient species of finches.
Question #16
A a subfield of anthropology focused on the physical aspects of primates.
B a subfield of cultural anthropology focused on primates’ social behavior.
C sometimes part of anthropology, zoology, or biology, focusing on the relationships between primates’ social behaviors and reproductive fitness.
D known as biological anthropology in the Old World and cultural anthropology in the New World.
Question #17
A serves to increase the reproductive success of a group’s females at the expense of the males’ reproductive success,
B Arises to increase relationships between kin for the improvement of the society as a whole.
C arises from the collection of individual behaviors to enhance reproductive success.
D emphasizes the care of the young above all else.
Question #18
A includes three months before birth and three months after birth.
B runs from the second month after birth to the end of lactation, usually by the end of the third year.
C runs from three to seven years, generally postweaning.
D is also called the “neonatal” period.
Question #19
A having twin births every year.
B having one birth per year.
C bonding with the dominant male monogamously.
D caring for young and ensuring access to food.
Question #20
A living humans only.
B living humans and their ancestors dating to as far back as 6–8 million years ago.
C the earliest ancestors of humans, prior to 6–8 million years ago.
D any living or extinct primate that walks upright.
Question #21
A They are found on every continent.
B They embody the idea of descent with modification.
C They did not differ between populations.
D They originated in North America, according to fossil evidence.
Question #22
A all of the New World primates
B all of the primates of Madagascar
C diurnal and nocturnal galagos
D all of the African primates
Question #23
A A population of finches develops robust beaks in response to a change in food supply.
B A rare mutant allele for a medicinally beneficial chemical is lost in a plant population residing in a tropical forest fragment.
C An island population derived from a small group of castaways has an unusually high prevalence of a rare genetic disease.
D The last black-footed ferret dies in captivity.
Question #24
A concerns differences in physical traits between males and females.
B refers to the mating rites of primates.
C primarily refers to male and female social hierarchy.
D is the study of sexual intercourse between primates.
Question #25
A cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, geology, and physical anthropology
B physical anthropology, biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, and linguistic anthropology
C archaeology, geology, geography, and biology
D biological anthropology, archaeology, cultural anthropology, and linguistic anthropology
Question #26
A the retromolar space and heavy wearing on the teeth
B thick bones and extra muscles
C stocky trunks and short limbs
D the low-lying, elongated skull
Question #27
A pronounced supraorbital tori.
B reduced prognathism.
C small brain cases.
D low-lying foreheads.
Question #28
A a large face, small teeth, and the lack of a projecting chin
B large browridges, large nasal sinuses, and a large masticatory complex
C a high vertical forehead, a round and tall skull, and small browridges
D thicker postcranial bones than archaic Homo sapiens
Question #29
A Magdalenian
B Solutrean
C Upper Paleolithic
D Mousterian
Question #30
A a narrow torso
B a large nasal aperture
C long limbs
D a tall, flat forehead
Question #31
A Mousterian
B Acheulean
C blade
D flake
Question #32
A Hominins shifted from eating roots, which makes use of the back teeth, to fruit, which makes use of the front teeth.
B Front teeth increased in size because of changes in diet, and this forced back teeth to become smaller.
C Back teeth became smaller because of increased use of material culture for processing food, while front teeth might have increased in size as an adaptation to using them as tools.
D The rise and increased use of language required this reconfiguration of the teeth.
Question #33
A large, wide noses
B long limbs
C narrow bodies
D small, narrow noses
Question #34
A They and Neandertals became one population through gene flow.
B They spread from Africa and replaced all other populations with no gene flow.
C They initially were found in one region of Africa before spreading to other African regions.
D They evolved in place in different regions through gene flow.
Question #35
A spear
B flake
C chopper
D harpoon
Question #36
A apelike
B archaic
C modern
D australopithecine
Question #37
A a robust build of the postcranial skeleton.
B large browridges and wide cheekbones.
C flat cheekbones and small teeth.
D a long and low brain case.
Question #38
A Australopithecus garhi, because of similarity in the face, jaws, and teeth.
B Australopithecus afarensis, because it dates to 3.0-2.5 mya and they are found in the same area.
C Australopithecus robustus, because of similarly large molars and a sagittal crest.
D Australopithecus garhi, because of its association with stone tools.
Question #39
A thin bones and small browridges.
B thick bones and small browridges.
C thin bones and large browridges.
D thick bones and large browridges.
Question #40
A he found hominin fossils in South Africa while traveling on the Beagle.
B of the anatomical similarity of humans and African apes.
C there was no known fossil record of hominins in Asia at the time.
D genetic comparisons linked African primates and living humans.
Question #41
A habilis.
B sapiens.
C neanderthalensis.
D erectus.
Question #42
A meat eating started before Homo erectus but increased with more advanced technology.
B meat eating started only with the appearance of Homo erectus and stone tools.
C violence among hominins was rampant.
D big-game hunting was the most common way early hominins obtained meat.
Question #43
A Homo habilis had a larger brain.
B Tool-making was most likely less important to Homo habilis.
C Homo habilis could walk on two legs.
D Homo habilis had a large chewing complex.
Question #44
A increased intake of food, facilitated by larger teeth that permitted better food processing.
B warmer climates, which changed the overall shape of the hominin body plan.
C stone-tool use that facilitated root and tuber processing.
D increased protein in the diet, likely due to hunting.
Question #45
A 4.0–3.0 mya.
B more than 4.0 mya.
C 0.5 mya–present.
D 2.5–1.0 mya.
Question #46
A long legs and opposable toes.
B long arms.
C double arches of the feet and adducted big toes.
D a foramen magnum at the base of the skull.
Question #47
A a larger brain.
B shorter legs.
C larger teeth.
D a bigger sagittal keel.
Question #48
A made the digestion of foods more difficult.
B limited the expansion of hominins into certain environments, such as dry grasslands.
C contributed to geographical expansion and increased food availability.
D decreased the amount of food energy available in the hominin diet.