Midterm Exam

A  Emile Durkheim

B  Karl Marx

C  Max Weber

D  Donald Black

A  Means are most appropriate for ordinal variables.

B  Standard deviation is most appropriate for nominal variables.

C  Medians are most appropriate for interval variables.

D  Any of these can be used with an interval variable.

A  editorials

B  newspapers

C  grade inflation

D  major cities

A  a small population centered in one area

B  a large population centered in one area

C  a large population scattered across a wide geographic area

D  a small population scattered across a wide geographic area

A  A table of random numbers.

B  A table of random events.

C  A table of random incidents.

D  A random number of tables.

A  should never be used under any circumstances.

B  always produces samples that possess distorted characteristics relative to the population.

C  requires the use of a complete sampling frame.

D  excludes the use of statistical theory to estimate the probability of correct inferences.

A  cluster sampling

B  systematic random sampling

C  strafied sampling

D  simple random sampling

A  cluster sampling

B  quota sampling

C  stratified sampling

D  simple random sampling

A  Non-probability, because there is no sampling frame.

B  Probability, because there is no sampling frame.

C  Non-probability, because that’s always the best.

D  Probability, because that’s always the best.

A  the main cluster

B  the sampling error

C  the sampling frame

D  the sample

A  Likert scales

B  Thurstone scales

C  Guttman scales

D  none of the above

A  Guttman scale

B  Thurstone scale

C  semantic differential scale

D  Likert Scale

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.

B  Each item should have face validity.

C  A composite measure should be unidimensional.; and Each item should have face validity.

D  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.
A composite measure should be unidimensional.
Each item should have face validity.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  sleeper effects

B  personal attribute effect

C  sensitization

D  Hawthorne effect

A  Codebooks should be firm, and not allowed to evolve over time.

B  Codes should capture as much detail as possible, at least initially.

C  Coding schemes should be appropriate to the theoretical concepts examined.

D  You could use established codes or generate your own.

A  criterion

B  construct

C  face

D  content

A  test-retest method

B  Cronbach’s alpha

C  using established measures

D  split-half method

A  personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

B  typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

C  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity, typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences, and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

D  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity

A  reliability

B  validity

C  precision

D  truth

A  cohort study

B  panel study

C  trend study

D  cross-sectional study

A  easier to aggregate

B  less reliable

C  richer in meaning

D  less explicit

A  measurable

B  variable

C  abstract

D  observable

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  sampling procedures

B  choice of observation method

C  statistical analysis

D  data processing

A  explanation

B  description

C  evaluation

D  exploration

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  simplicity

B  testability

C  originality

D  generality

A  bivariate conceptualization

B  hypothesis

C  theory

D  value judgement

A  deductive and inductive

B  inductive

C  deductive

D  none of the above

A  overgeneralization

B  ecological fallacy

C  Hawthorne effect

D  illogical reasoning

A  post-modernism

B  realism

C  positivism

D  empricism

A  positivism

B  post-modernism

C  empiricism

D  realism

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  systematic reduction of bias

B  audience appeal

C  ability to capture absolute truth about reality

D  clear criteria for evaluation

A  intuition and mysticism

B  tradition

C  tradition, intuition, and mysticism