Midterm Exam

A  Karl Marx

B  Max Weber

C  Emile Durkheim

D  Donald Black

A  Medians are most appropriate for interval variables.

B  Standard deviation is most appropriate for nominal variables.

C  Any of these can be used with an interval variable.

D  Means are most appropriate for ordinal variables.

A  editorials

B  major cities

C  grade inflation

D  newspapers

A  a small population scattered across a wide geographic area

B  a small population centered in one area

C  a large population centered in one area

D  a large population scattered across a wide geographic area

A  A table of random numbers.

B  A table of random incidents.

C  A random number of tables.

D  A table of random events.

A  always produces samples that possess distorted characteristics relative to the population.

B  requires the use of a complete sampling frame.

C  excludes the use of statistical theory to estimate the probability of correct inferences.

D  should never be used under any circumstances.

A  strafied sampling

B  cluster sampling

C  simple random sampling

D  systematic random sampling

A  simple random sampling

B  cluster sampling

C  quota sampling

D  stratified sampling

A  Probability, because there is no sampling frame.

B  Probability, because that’s always the best.

C  Non-probability, because there is no sampling frame.

D  Non-probability, because that’s always the best.

A  the main cluster

B  the sampling frame

C  the sampling error

D  the sample

A  Likert scales

B  Guttman scales

C  Thurstone scales

D  none of the above

A  Guttman scale

B  semantic differential scale

C  Thurstone scale

D  Likert Scale

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.
A composite measure should be unidimensional.
Each item should have face validity.

B  Each item should have face validity.

C  A composite measure should be unidimensional.; and Each item should have face validity.

D  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  personal attribute effect

B  sleeper effects

C  sensitization

D  Hawthorne effect

A  You could use established codes or generate your own.

B  Codebooks should be firm, and not allowed to evolve over time.

C  Coding schemes should be appropriate to the theoretical concepts examined.

D  Codes should capture as much detail as possible, at least initially.

A  content

B  construct

C  criterion

D  face

A  using established measures

B  split-half method

C  test-retest method

D  Cronbach’s alpha

A  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity

B  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity, typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences, and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

C  typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

D  personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

A  precision

B  reliability

C  truth

D  validity

A  panel study

B  cohort study

C  trend study

D  cross-sectional study

A  less reliable

B  richer in meaning

C  less explicit

D  easier to aggregate

A  variable

B  observable

C  measurable

D  abstract

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  statistical analysis

B  data processing

C  choice of observation method

D  sampling procedures

A  description

B  exploration

C  evaluation

D  explanation

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  simplicity

B  generality

C  testability

D  originality

A  value judgement

B  theory

C  hypothesis

D  bivariate conceptualization

A  inductive

B  deductive

C  deductive and inductive

D  none of the above

A  illogical reasoning

B  ecological fallacy

C  Hawthorne effect

D  overgeneralization

A  positivism

B  post-modernism

C  empricism

D  realism

A  post-modernism

B  empiricism

C  realism

D  positivism

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  ability to capture absolute truth about reality

B  systematic reduction of bias

C  audience appeal

D  clear criteria for evaluation

A  tradition, intuition, and mysticism

B  tradition

C  intuition and mysticism