Midterm Exam

A  Emile Durkheim

B  Donald Black

C  Max Weber

D  Karl Marx

A  Means are most appropriate for ordinal variables.

B  Standard deviation is most appropriate for nominal variables.

C  Medians are most appropriate for interval variables.

D  Any of these can be used with an interval variable.

A  grade inflation

B  editorials

C  newspapers

D  major cities

A  a small population centered in one area

B  a large population scattered across a wide geographic area

C  a small population scattered across a wide geographic area

D  a large population centered in one area

A  A table of random numbers.

B  A table of random events.

C  A table of random incidents.

D  A random number of tables.

A  excludes the use of statistical theory to estimate the probability of correct inferences.

B  requires the use of a complete sampling frame.

C  always produces samples that possess distorted characteristics relative to the population.

D  should never be used under any circumstances.

A  simple random sampling

B  systematic random sampling

C  cluster sampling

D  strafied sampling

A  simple random sampling

B  cluster sampling

C  quota sampling

D  stratified sampling

A  Probability, because there is no sampling frame.

B  Non-probability, because that’s always the best.

C  Non-probability, because there is no sampling frame.

D  Probability, because that’s always the best.

A  the sampling frame

B  the sample

C  the main cluster

D  the sampling error

A  Likert scales

B  Thurstone scales

C  Guttman scales

D  none of the above

A  Likert Scale

B  Guttman scale

C  Thurstone scale

D  semantic differential scale

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Each item should have face validity.

B  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.
A composite measure should be unidimensional.
Each item should have face validity.

C  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.

D  A composite measure should be unidimensional.; and Each item should have face validity.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Hawthorne effect

B  sensitization

C  personal attribute effect

D  sleeper effects

A  Coding schemes should be appropriate to the theoretical concepts examined.

B  You could use established codes or generate your own.

C  Codebooks should be firm, and not allowed to evolve over time.

D  Codes should capture as much detail as possible, at least initially.

A  content

B  face

C  construct

D  criterion

A  test-retest method

B  Cronbach’s alpha

C  split-half method

D  using established measures

A  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity

B  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity, typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences, and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

C  personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

D  typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

A  truth

B  precision

C  validity

D  reliability

A  cross-sectional study

B  trend study

C  cohort study

D  panel study

A  richer in meaning

B  less explicit

C  less reliable

D  easier to aggregate

A  variable

B  abstract

C  observable

D  measurable

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  choice of observation method

B  sampling procedures

C  statistical analysis

D  data processing

A  explanation

B  description

C  evaluation

D  exploration

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  testability

B  originality

C  generality

D  simplicity

A  value judgement

B  bivariate conceptualization

C  hypothesis

D  theory

A  inductive

B  deductive and inductive

C  deductive

D  none of the above

A  ecological fallacy

B  Hawthorne effect

C  overgeneralization

D  illogical reasoning

A  empricism

B  realism

C  positivism

D  post-modernism

A  positivism

B  empiricism

C  realism

D  post-modernism

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  ability to capture absolute truth about reality

B  audience appeal

C  systematic reduction of bias

D  clear criteria for evaluation

A  intuition and mysticism

B  tradition

C  tradition, intuition, and mysticism