Chapter 6 Quiz

A  regulating gene expression

B  providing an unlimited supply of energy

C  serving as antibodies

D  maintaining acid-base balance

E  maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance

A  I, II, IV, and V

B  I and V only

C  I, III, and IV only

D  I, III, IV, and V

A  Yes; But, one should also do plenty of exercise to promote muscle regain.

B  No; Extra carbohydrate and fat, but not extra protein, are needed for recovery from illness.

C  Yes; Taking amino acid supplements helps keep the digestive system from overworking while you recover from illness.

D  No; Whole protein is better handled by the digestive system and will promote muscle mass gain better than amino acid supplements.

E  Yes; Amino acid supplements are an excellent way to quickly provide energy to muscles for rebuilding.

A  a vegan

B  an omnivore

C  a lacto-ovo vegetarian

D  a pregnant woman

E  a carnivore

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The gluten-free diet will help relieve any digestive symptoms she may have.

B  She should be successful because it is an excellent way to lose weight.

C  Gluten-free diets are useful because they also help prevent cancer.

D  Gluten-free weight-loss diets offer no advantages over other low-calorie diets.

E  Even if she does not have celiac disease, she will benefit from removing gluten from her diet.

A  UV light

B  genetic modification

C  crop rotation

D  bacteria

E  fertilizer

A  RNA

B  DNA

A  It provides more saturated fat.

B  It reduces the risk of cancer.

C  It promotes a leaner body type.

D  It provides more antioxidant nutrients and fiber.

E  It provides more phytochemicals.

A  black beans

B  eggs

C  pasta

D  peanuts

E  peppers

A  It is used to make the neurotransmitter serotonin.

B  It is a precursor of vitamin C.

C  It is used to make the brown pigment melanin.

D  It is converted into the hormone insulin.

E  It is used to make the vitamin niacin.

A  Protein digestion and absorption require some form of carbohydrate.

B  Larger peptide molecules must be completely broken down into amino acids to be absorbed into the bloodstream from the intestine.

C  Cells in the small intestine possess different sites for absorbing different types of amino acids, which causes competition among amino acids at the absorption sites.

D  Amino acids need a carrier in the bloodstream because they do not transport very well alone.

E  Proteins are broken down into individual amino acids and absorbed by all intestinal cells at an equal rate.

A  loss of amino acids by excretion through the kidneys when cells die

B  excretion of intracellular working proteins as old cells wear out

C  use of amino acids that have been conserved from the breakdown of old cells

D  annual replacement of old cells with new protein that has entered the body in food

E  conversion of half the protein we eat to glucose for energy

A  kidney beans

B  almonds

C  flaxseeds

D  margarine

E  eggs

A  negative nitrogen balance

B  increased nutrient absorption from the digestive tract

C  impaired brain and kidney function

D  slow growth in children

E  a weakened immune system

A  stomach

B  mouth

C  small intestines

D  blood stream

A  collagen

B  glycogen

C  antibodies

D  insulin

A  stomach

B  freezing

C  mercury

D  radiation

E  heat

A  side chain

B  carbon bond

C  amino group

D  backbone

E  acid group

A  Iron

B  vitamin C

C  B12

D  zinc

E  phytochemicals