Examination 2

A  status consistency.

B  structural mobility.

C  class warfare.

D  social control.

E  upward mobility.

A  A college campus with students who are very competitive.

B  A city with a large minority population.

C  A community where neighbors don’t know each other very well.True

D  A neighborhood with mostly elderly people.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.

B  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

C  a published list of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives.

D  dysfunctional in most societies.

A  conformity.

B  groupthink.

C  bureaucracy.

D  instrumental leadership.

A  A hate crime never involves physical violence to the victim..

B  A hate crime is based on the victim’s son’s race, religion, or other characteristics.

C  A hate crime is punishable in a court of law; a violent crime is not.

D  A violent crime is punishable in a court of law; a hate crime is not.

A  a violation of established norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law

B  social rewards for the violation of norms.

C  the act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.

D  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

A  a voluntary organization.

B  a social network.

C  a bureaucracy.

D  social capital.

A  Mario being sent to jail after robbing a CVS.

B  Ed being given a “Teacher of the Year” award for her work as a high school English teacher.

C  Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon.

D  Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.

A  18 to 64 years old.

B  single mothers.

C  65 years old or older.

D  children under 18 years old.

A  an individual moves up the social class ladder.

B  a large group moves up or down due to societal change.

C  a member of a family belongs to a different social class than his/her/xir siblings.

D  an individual moves down the social class ladder.

A  when negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek better behavioral choices.

B  when a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others.

C  when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

D  when positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society’s expectations.

A  involves more people.

B  is committed by higher-status people.

C  usually causes more economic damage.

D  is more likely to be violent.

E  usually is more sophisticated.

A  conformist.

B  innovator.

C  retreatist.

D  ritualist.

E  rebel.

A  Differential association.

B  Functionalist.

C  Conflict.

D  Symbolic interactionist.

A  conspicuous consumption.

B  popular consumption.

C  designer consumerism.

D  credit card populism.

A  that the more society values a particular profession, the more money the people in that profession will make.

B  that people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself.

C  that economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the United States.

D  that Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government.

A  not determined solely by economics but influenced also by social and political actors.

B  determined almost entirely by religious factors.

C  influenced almost solely by economic factors.

D  defined correctly according to Karl Marx.

A  anomic perspective.

B  conflict perspective.

C  functionalist perspective.

D  interactionist perspective.

E  evolutionary perspective.

A  the ranking of people into a hierarchy in which resources considered valuable are unequally distributed.

B  a person’s social location based on all three dimensions of the stratification system.

C  the movement of people from one social position to another in the stratification system.

D  the movement to a higher position in the stratification hierarchy in contrast to the  position of one’s parents.

A  modern societies only.

B  all societies.

C  societies of moderate size only.

D  formal organizations only.

E  caste-based societies only.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Labeling theory.

B  Conflict theory.

C  Strain theory.

D  Differential association theory.

E  Control theory.

A  a secondary group.

B  a subculture.

C  none of these.

D  a crime syndicate.

E  a “hipster” culture.

A  primary group

B  instrumental leaders

C  out-group

D  reference group

A  secondary group

B  social network

C  primary group

D  in-group

A  out-group

B  secondary group

C  in-group.

D  reference group.

A  the increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions

B  the obesity epidemic that’s rapidly sweeping the United States.

C  the country’s increasing dependence on fast food for daily meals.

D  the increaing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths all over the world.

A  rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement.

B  plays a musical instrument.

C  is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

D  promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported

E  relies on degradation ceremonies.

A  Clear division of labor .

B  Personality-based promotion.

C  Explicit rules .

D  Impersonality.

A  reference group

B  in-group

C  dyad

D  aggregate

E  out-group

A  an emphasis on nature, rather than nurture

B  the idea that development/socialization occurs in a sequence of stages

C  the belief that ideas about sex and gender roles are innate—we are born with them.

D  the idea that successful socialization occurs only in two-parent families

A  morality of care

B  agents of socialization

C  the looking-glass self

D  generalized other

E  morality of justice

A  generalized other

B  code of the west

C  morality of care

D  morality of justice

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Knowing locker room etiquette.

B  Learning to read and write.

C  Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent

D  Following a schedule.

A  Race/ethnicity.

B  Gender.

C  Social class.

D  Blood type.

A  Nature vs. Nurture.

B  George Herbert Mead’s theory of self-development.

C  Freud’s theory of self-development.

D  Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.

A  Encouraging Vicki to wear pants to school.

B  Allowing Joey to sleep with his “blankey”.

C  Taking Jimmy to the aquarium.

D  Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.

A  an entry test that must be passed

B    

C  impression management.

D  a counterculture.

E  class consciousness

F  a degradation ceremony

A  they protect adolescents from peer pressure

B  they provide the only major socialization experience outside the realm of their families

C  they help young individuals develop a sense of identity separate from their parents

D  their influence is higher in importance than the influence of parents

A  the sociological imagination

B  the hidden curriculum

C  moral reasoning

D  anticipatory socialization

E  the looking-glass self