Examination 2

A  status consistency.

B  upward mobility.

C  class warfare.

D  structural mobility.

E  social control.

A  A neighborhood with mostly elderly people.

B  A community where neighbors don’t know each other very well.True

C  A city with a large minority population.

D  A college campus with students who are very competitive.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  dysfunctional in most societies.

B  a published list of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives.

C  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

D  a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.

A  groupthink.

B  bureaucracy.

C  conformity.

D  instrumental leadership.

A  A hate crime is based on the victim’s son’s race, religion, or other characteristics.

B  A hate crime is punishable in a court of law; a violent crime is not.

C  A violent crime is punishable in a court of law; a hate crime is not.

D  A hate crime never involves physical violence to the victim..

A  a violation of established norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law

B  the act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.

C  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

D  social rewards for the violation of norms.

A  a bureaucracy.

B  a voluntary organization.

C  social capital.

D  a social network.

A  Ed being given a “Teacher of the Year” award for her work as a high school English teacher.

B  Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon.

C  Mario being sent to jail after robbing a CVS.

D  Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.

A  65 years old or older.

B  single mothers.

C  18 to 64 years old.

D  children under 18 years old.

A  an individual moves down the social class ladder.

B  a member of a family belongs to a different social class than his/her/xir siblings.

C  a large group moves up or down due to societal change.

D  an individual moves up the social class ladder.

A  when a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others.

B  when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

C  when positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society’s expectations.

D  when negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek better behavioral choices.

A  usually causes more economic damage.

B  involves more people.

C  is committed by higher-status people.

D  is more likely to be violent.

E  usually is more sophisticated.

A  innovator.

B  ritualist.

C  conformist.

D  retreatist.

E  rebel.

A  Functionalist.

B  Differential association.

C  Conflict.

D  Symbolic interactionist.

A  credit card populism.

B  designer consumerism.

C  conspicuous consumption.

D  popular consumption.

A  that the more society values a particular profession, the more money the people in that profession will make.

B  that Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government.

C  that economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the United States.

D  that people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself.

A  determined almost entirely by religious factors.

B  defined correctly according to Karl Marx.

C  influenced almost solely by economic factors.

D  not determined solely by economics but influenced also by social and political actors.

A  interactionist perspective.

B  anomic perspective.

C  conflict perspective.

D  functionalist perspective.

E  evolutionary perspective.

A  the ranking of people into a hierarchy in which resources considered valuable are unequally distributed.

B  the movement of people from one social position to another in the stratification system.

C  a person’s social location based on all three dimensions of the stratification system.

D  the movement to a higher position in the stratification hierarchy in contrast to the  position of one’s parents.

A  formal organizations only.

B  caste-based societies only.

C  all societies.

D  societies of moderate size only.

E  modern societies only.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Conflict theory.

B  Differential association theory.

C  Control theory.

D  Labeling theory.

E  Strain theory.

A  a “hipster” culture.

B  a crime syndicate.

C  a secondary group.

D  a subculture.

E  none of these.

A  out-group

B  reference group

C  instrumental leaders

D  primary group

A  primary group

B  social network

C  in-group

D  secondary group

A  in-group.

B  reference group.

C  out-group

D  secondary group

A  the obesity epidemic that’s rapidly sweeping the United States.

B  the increaing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths all over the world.

C  the increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions

D  the country’s increasing dependence on fast food for daily meals.

A  is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

B  plays a musical instrument.

C  promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported

D  rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement.

E  relies on degradation ceremonies.

A  Clear division of labor .

B  Impersonality.

C  Explicit rules .

D  Personality-based promotion.

A  out-group

B  reference group

C  aggregate

D  in-group

E  dyad

A  the idea that successful socialization occurs only in two-parent families

B  the idea that development/socialization occurs in a sequence of stages

C  the belief that ideas about sex and gender roles are innate—we are born with them.

D  an emphasis on nature, rather than nurture

A  agents of socialization

B  the looking-glass self

C  morality of care

D  morality of justice

E  generalized other

A  morality of justice

B  code of the west

C  generalized other

D  morality of care

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Learning to read and write.

B  Knowing locker room etiquette.

C  Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent

D  Following a schedule.

A  Blood type.

B  Gender.

C  Race/ethnicity.

D  Social class.

A  Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.

B  Freud’s theory of self-development.

C  Nature vs. Nurture.

D  George Herbert Mead’s theory of self-development.

A  Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.

B  Allowing Joey to sleep with his “blankey”.

C  Encouraging Vicki to wear pants to school.

D  Taking Jimmy to the aquarium.

A  impression management.

B  a degradation ceremony

C  a counterculture.

D  an entry test that must be passed

E  class consciousness

F    

A  they help young individuals develop a sense of identity separate from their parents

B  their influence is higher in importance than the influence of parents

C  they provide the only major socialization experience outside the realm of their families

D  they protect adolescents from peer pressure

A  moral reasoning

B  anticipatory socialization

C  the sociological imagination

D  the hidden curriculum

E  the looking-glass self