Exam 2

A  all-female; multimale, one female; solitary

B  one-male, multifemale; all-male; solitary

C  one-female, multimale; one-male, multifemale; one-male, one-female

D  one-male, multifemale; multimale, multifemale; solitary

A  violence against competitors for female access

B  competition between males for access to reproductive-age females

C  risk-taking behavior

D  care of young

A  bonding between individuals of the same rank only and directed only toward hygiene

B  the development of males only

C  bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.

D  the development of alliances between females only

A  colobus monkey

B  chimpanzee

C  gorilla

D  loris

A  bipedality in humans

B  using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb

C  quadrupedal locomotion include the use of a tail

D  clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment

A  on average they are larger bodied than nonprimates

B  they take longer to develop to sexual maturity

C  the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates

D  they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals

A  diastema

B  two-ridge tooth

C  bilophodont

D  tooth/dental comb

A  present in catarrhine primates

B  present only in some platyrrhines

C  are made strictly of muscle

D  are found in all primates with tails

A  tarsiers, lemurs and monkeys

B  African and Asian apes

C  monkeys, apes and humans

D  lemurs and lorises

A  the fact that their eyes are rotated forward

B  their tendency toward nocturnal behavior

C  their color vision

D  all of the above

A  invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals

B  give birth to fewer offspring  than do many other mammals

C  give birth to twins regularly

D  give birth to more offspring than do many other mammals

A  large body build

B  increased reliance of sense of smell

C  short digits

D  opposable thumbs

A  a species of hylobatid from Asia

B  a species of pongid, which frequently exhibits a moist fleshy pad at the end of the nose

C  a species of strepsirhini that retain a rhinarium found only in prosimian primates

D  a species of platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward

A  lemurs

B  baboons

C  tamarins

D  gibbons

A  strepsirhini and haplorhini

B  pongidae and hominidae

C  platyrrhine and catarrhine

D  tarsiers and anthropoids

A  South America

B  Europe

C  Africa

D  Australia

A  high UV exposure

B  a lack of vitamin D

C  severe air pollution

D  a lack of melanin

A  rickets

B  hypothermia

C  hypoxia

D  skin cancer

A  have lower BMR

B  short limbs and large bodies

C  consume more carbohydrates

D  reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures

A  long limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments

B  smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments

C  larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments

D  taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments

A  the association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors

B  the long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization

C  the association between body shape, morpology and the environment is not a result of natural selection

D  body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes

A  acclimatization at the individual level

B  environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level

C  developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life stages

D  inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations

A  Wolff’s Law

B  adult stage

C  senescence

D  osteoporosis

A  lack of exercise

B  drugs, alcohol and smoking

C  heavy exercise like running and swimming

D  a vegetarian diet of greens, fruits and dairy products

A  are race specific

B  do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications

C  help with biological profiling

D  do not exist in humans

A  research indicating that most genetic variation is found across human populations

B  through research that examined genetic diversity across different species of animals

C  research indicating that most genetic variation is found within human populations

D  through the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics

A  support for Childe’s demic diffusion model

B  no conclusive evidence regarding how farming began in Europe

C  agriculture was brought to Europe by Middle Eastern farmers

D  minimal interbreeding between Middle Eastern and European hunter-gatherers and farming developing from their descendants in Europe

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  reduces fertility and increases breast development in affected individuals

B  represented by chromosomal trisomy XXY

C  affects only males

D  chromosomal mutation linked to an XX genotype

A  associated with the inability to break down and process lactose in foods

B  the condition affects billions of people today

C  the identified gene associated with lactase production is found on chromosome 2 and appears to be selected for vs. against

D  associated with an increase in production of lactase over time

A  all of these

B  a small and relatively isolated population

C  genetic drift

D  founder effect

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  the continued presence of malaria

B  emigration of West African peoples 

C  increasing UVb radiation

D  increasing global temperatures

A  AA

B  SS

C  AS

D  AAS

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Inheritance of population over generations

B  No gene flow, no mutation, no genetic drift