Exam 2

A  one-female, multimale; one-male, multifemale; one-male, one-female

B  one-male, multifemale; all-male; solitary

C  one-male, multifemale; multimale, multifemale; solitary

D  all-female; multimale, one female; solitary

A  risk-taking behavior

B  care of young

C  violence against competitors for female access

D  competition between males for access to reproductive-age females

A  the development of males only

B  the development of alliances between females only

C  bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.

D  bonding between individuals of the same rank only and directed only toward hygiene

A  chimpanzee

B  gorilla

C  colobus monkey

D  loris

A  quadrupedal locomotion include the use of a tail

B  using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb

C  bipedality in humans

D  clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment

A  on average they are larger bodied than nonprimates

B  the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates

C  they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals

D  they take longer to develop to sexual maturity

A  two-ridge tooth

B  diastema

C  tooth/dental comb

D  bilophodont

A  present in catarrhine primates

B  are made strictly of muscle

C  present only in some platyrrhines

D  are found in all primates with tails

A  African and Asian apes

B  tarsiers, lemurs and monkeys

C  lemurs and lorises

D  monkeys, apes and humans

A  their tendency toward nocturnal behavior

B  their color vision

C  the fact that their eyes are rotated forward

D  all of the above

A  give birth to fewer offspring  than do many other mammals

B  give birth to twins regularly

C  give birth to more offspring than do many other mammals

D  invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals

A  large body build

B  opposable thumbs

C  short digits

D  increased reliance of sense of smell

A  a species of pongid, which frequently exhibits a moist fleshy pad at the end of the nose

B  a species of platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward

C  a species of strepsirhini that retain a rhinarium found only in prosimian primates

D  a species of hylobatid from Asia

A  tamarins

B  gibbons

C  baboons

D  lemurs

A  tarsiers and anthropoids

B  platyrrhine and catarrhine

C  strepsirhini and haplorhini

D  pongidae and hominidae

A  Australia

B  Africa

C  Europe

D  South America

A  high UV exposure

B  a lack of vitamin D

C  severe air pollution

D  a lack of melanin

A  hypothermia

B  rickets

C  skin cancer

D  hypoxia

A  short limbs and large bodies

B  consume more carbohydrates

C  reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures

D  have lower BMR

A  smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments

B  taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments

C  long limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments

D  larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments

A  the association between body shape, morpology and the environment is not a result of natural selection

B  the long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization

C  body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes

D  the association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors

A  inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations

B  developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life stages

C  acclimatization at the individual level

D  environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level

A  senescence

B  adult stage

C  Wolff’s Law

D  osteoporosis

A  drugs, alcohol and smoking

B  a vegetarian diet of greens, fruits and dairy products

C  lack of exercise

D  heavy exercise like running and swimming

A  are race specific

B  help with biological profiling

C  do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications

D  do not exist in humans

A  research indicating that most genetic variation is found across human populations

B  through research that examined genetic diversity across different species of animals

C  research indicating that most genetic variation is found within human populations

D  through the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics

A  agriculture was brought to Europe by Middle Eastern farmers

B  no conclusive evidence regarding how farming began in Europe

C  support for Childe’s demic diffusion model

D  minimal interbreeding between Middle Eastern and European hunter-gatherers and farming developing from their descendants in Europe

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  chromosomal mutation linked to an XX genotype

B  represented by chromosomal trisomy XXY

C  affects only males

D  reduces fertility and increases breast development in affected individuals

A  associated with the inability to break down and process lactose in foods

B  the condition affects billions of people today

C  associated with an increase in production of lactase over time

D  the identified gene associated with lactase production is found on chromosome 2 and appears to be selected for vs. against

A  a small and relatively isolated population

B  genetic drift

C  all of these

D  founder effect

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  the continued presence of malaria

B  increasing UVb radiation

C  increasing global temperatures

D  emigration of West African peoples 

A  AA

B  SS

C  AAS

D  AS

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Inheritance of population over generations

B  No gene flow, no mutation, no genetic drift