Final Exam

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Question #1

What describes the theoretical direction of Ekman transport in the Southern Hemisphere?

A In the same direction as the wind

B 45° to the left of wind direction

C 90° to the right of wind direction

D 45° to the right of wind direction

E 90° to the left of wind direction

Question #2

Active margins are also referred to as

A Spreading centers

B Fracture zones

C Hot spots

D Atlantic-type margins

E Pacific-type margins

Question #3

Where on the seafloor would you expect to find the thickest piles of sediment?

A At a mid-ocean ridge

B Around hot spot volcanoes

C In a submarine canyon

D Along the continental margin

E In a deep ocean trench

Question #4

As sediment accumulates in a continental margin, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust behave?

A It will be uplifted

B It will grow thicker

C It will spread out

D It will stay the same

E It will subside

Question #5

Which condition is necessary for a planet to have a permanent liquid ocean?

A Low gravity

B Toxic atmosphere

C Perfectly spherical orbit

D Optimum distance from a star

E Few moons

Question #6

Only 10% of the energy is passed along from one trophic level to the next.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #7

El Nino events occur roughly every 4 to 7 years due to a reversal of Pacific trade winds.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #8

The seafloor is oldest at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #9

The construction of jetties, groins or breakwaters interrupts the longshore current.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #10

An eastern boundary current is slower and colder than a western boundary current.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #11

In one hour, the Earth rotates through 15 degrees.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #12

Land has a greater heat capacity than water.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #13

The average salinity of the world’s ocean in about 3.5%

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #14

Lines of latitude are parallel to one another.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #15

During an ice age, sea level would have been relatively lower than it is today.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #16

Petroleum most likely formed from which organic substrate?

A Sea grasses

B Planktonic organisms and bacteria

C Water column debris

D Whale falls

E Fossilized fish

Question #17

What is a major product of combustion for all hydrocarbons?

A oxygen

B hydrogen

C carbon dioxide

D nitrous oxide

E nitrogen

Question #18

What is an example of symbiosis?

A progression

B carrying capacity

C environmental resistance

D succession

E commensalism

Question #19

Which area is most likely to have the most populous and diverse community of organisms?

A deep ocean

B surface of a polar ocean

C cobble beaches

D surface of temperate ocean

E intertidal zone

Question #20

Which of the following is a ring-shaped island of coral?

A Mangrove

C Drumlin

D Barrier reef

E Fringing reef

F Atoll

Question #21

What type of tidal patterns exists on the west coast of the United States, which receives two high tides and two low tides of varying heights per day?

A semidiurnal tides

B neap tides

C semidiurnal mixed tides

D diurnal tides

E spring tides

Question #22

How fast does a wave with wavelength of 20 meters and period of 20 seconds travel?

A There is not enough information to tell

B 10 meters per second

C 1 meter per second

D 20 meters per second

E 400 meters per second

Question #23

An air mass pausing above a warm ocean surface will have what characteristics?

A Warm, dry air with zones of high pressure

B Warm, humid air with zones of high pressure

C Warm, humid air with zones of low pressure

D Cold, dry air with zones of high pressure

E Cold, dry air with zones of low pressure

Question #24

Why can seawater hold many times more carbon dioxide than either nitrogen or oxygen at saturation?

A Carbon dioxide is not used in photosynthesis.

B Carbon dioxide is used by plankton for energy

C Carbon dioxide combines chemically with water to form carbonic acid.

D Carbon dioxide is used in mineral formation.

E Carbon dioxide is more reactive.

Question #25

An abundance of foraminifera shells would be described as what type of sediment?

A diatomaceous earth

B turbidic sediment

C siliceous ooze

D calcareous ooze

E evaporitic sediment

Question #26

What process gives trenches their unique arc-shaped depressions?

A Subduction

B Erosion

C Turbidity

D Spreading

E Volcanic eruptions

Question #27

As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust beneath the mountain to behave?

A Stay the same

B Subduct

C Rise

D Sink

E Spread out

Question #28

Which extreme environment may have favored the origin of life on Earth?

A dry mountain rocky outcrops

B polar sea ice

C estuarine bays

D hydrothermal vents

E rainforest sediments

Question #29

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Trenches

A Divergent plate boundary

B Transform plate boundary

C Convergent plate boundary

Question #30

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Seafloor spreading

A Divergent plate boundary

B Transform plate boundary

C Convergent plate boundary

Question #31

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Magnetic “stripes” on the seafloor

A Divergent plate boundary

B Convergent plate boundary

C Transform plate boundary

Question #32

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Fracture zones

A Divergent plate boundary

B Convergent plate boundary

C Transform plate boundary

Question #33

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Island arc

A Transform plate boundary

B Divergent plate boundary

C Convergent plate boundary

Question #34

Which of the following statements about coastal waters is CORRECT?

A Coastal waters have limited opportunities for oil production and recreational activities.

B Coastal waters serve as nursery grounds for many species that inhabit the open ocean.

C Coastal waters are of minor importance for shipping because they traverse the open ocean.

D Coastal waters only support about 15% of the total mass of life in the oceans.

E Coastal waters receive land-derived pollutants after they pass through the open ocean.

Question #35

Which of the following currents contributes to the South Eastern United States being humid?

A Gulf Stream

B California Current

C North Atlantic Current

D Brazil Current

E North Equatorial Current

Question #36

Which of the following powers tropical cyclones?

A West Wind Drift

B The vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses.

C An apparent force resulting from Earth’s rotation that causes particles in motion to be deflected.

D A density-driven circulation that is initiated at the ocean surface by temperature and salinity.

E Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another.

Question #37

The strength of a hurricane stems from water’s ________.

A latent heat of condensation

B latent heat of deposition

C latent heat of fusion

D latent heat of melting

E latent heat of sublimation

Question #38

A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be ________.

A dry and cold

B dry and warm

C wet and warm

D wet and cold

E not enough information to tell

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