Final Exam

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Question #1

What describes the theoretical direction of Ekman transport in the Southern Hemisphere?

A 45° to the left of wind direction

B 45° to the right of wind direction

C In the same direction as the wind

D 90° to the left of wind direction

E 90° to the right of wind direction

Question #2

Active margins are also referred to as

A Fracture zones

B Spreading centers

C Hot spots

D Pacific-type margins

E Atlantic-type margins

Question #3

Where on the seafloor would you expect to find the thickest piles of sediment?

A Around hot spot volcanoes

B At a mid-ocean ridge

C In a deep ocean trench

D Along the continental margin

E In a submarine canyon

Question #4

As sediment accumulates in a continental margin, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust behave?

A It will spread out

B It will stay the same

C It will be uplifted

D It will subside

E It will grow thicker

Question #5

Which condition is necessary for a planet to have a permanent liquid ocean?

A Few moons

B Perfectly spherical orbit

C Toxic atmosphere

D Low gravity

E Optimum distance from a star

Question #6

Only 10% of the energy is passed along from one trophic level to the next.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #7

El Nino events occur roughly every 4 to 7 years due to a reversal of Pacific trade winds.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #8

The seafloor is oldest at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #9

The construction of jetties, groins or breakwaters interrupts the longshore current.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #10

An eastern boundary current is slower and colder than a western boundary current.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #11

In one hour, the Earth rotates through 15 degrees.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #12

Land has a greater heat capacity than water.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #13

The average salinity of the world’s ocean in about 3.5%

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #14

Lines of latitude are parallel to one another.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #15

During an ice age, sea level would have been relatively lower than it is today.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #16

Petroleum most likely formed from which organic substrate?

A Whale falls

B Water column debris

C Planktonic organisms and bacteria

D Sea grasses

E Fossilized fish

Question #17

What is a major product of combustion for all hydrocarbons?

A nitrous oxide

B hydrogen

C oxygen

D carbon dioxide

E nitrogen

Question #18

What is an example of symbiosis?

A succession

B carrying capacity

C progression

D environmental resistance

E commensalism

Question #19

Which area is most likely to have the most populous and diverse community of organisms?

A deep ocean

B surface of temperate ocean

C surface of a polar ocean

D intertidal zone

E cobble beaches

Question #20

Which of the following is a ring-shaped island of coral?

A Drumlin

B Atoll

C Fringing reef

D Mangrove

E Barrier reef

Question #21

What type of tidal patterns exists on the west coast of the United States, which receives two high tides and two low tides of varying heights per day?

A semidiurnal tides

B semidiurnal mixed tides

C spring tides

D diurnal tides

E neap tides

Question #22

How fast does a wave with wavelength of 20 meters and period of 20 seconds travel?

A There is not enough information to tell

B 10 meters per second

C 400 meters per second

D 1 meter per second

E 20 meters per second

Question #23

An air mass pausing above a warm ocean surface will have what characteristics?

A Warm, humid air with zones of low pressure

B Warm, dry air with zones of high pressure

C Cold, dry air with zones of high pressure

D Cold, dry air with zones of low pressure

E Warm, humid air with zones of high pressure

Question #24

Why can seawater hold many times more carbon dioxide than either nitrogen or oxygen at saturation?

A Carbon dioxide is not used in photosynthesis.

B Carbon dioxide is used by plankton for energy

C Carbon dioxide is more reactive.

D Carbon dioxide is used in mineral formation.

E Carbon dioxide combines chemically with water to form carbonic acid.

Question #25

An abundance of foraminifera shells would be described as what type of sediment?

A evaporitic sediment

B calcareous ooze

C diatomaceous earth

D siliceous ooze

E turbidic sediment

Question #26

What process gives trenches their unique arc-shaped depressions?

A Spreading

B Turbidity

C Subduction

D Erosion

E Volcanic eruptions

Question #27

As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust beneath the mountain to behave?

A Spread out

B Stay the same

C Rise

D Sink

E Subduct

Question #28

Which extreme environment may have favored the origin of life on Earth?

A estuarine bays

B polar sea ice

C hydrothermal vents

D dry mountain rocky outcrops

E rainforest sediments

Question #29

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Trenches

A Convergent plate boundary

B Divergent plate boundary

C Transform plate boundary

Question #30

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Seafloor spreading

A Divergent plate boundary

B Convergent plate boundary

C Transform plate boundary

Question #31

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Magnetic “stripes” on the seafloor

A Convergent plate boundary

B Transform plate boundary

C Divergent plate boundary

Question #32

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Fracture zones

A Transform plate boundary

B Divergent plate boundary

C Convergent plate boundary

Question #33

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Island arc

A Convergent plate boundary

B Transform plate boundary

C Divergent plate boundary

Question #34

Which of the following statements about coastal waters is CORRECT?

A Coastal waters are of minor importance for shipping because they traverse the open ocean.

B Coastal waters have limited opportunities for oil production and recreational activities.

C Coastal waters serve as nursery grounds for many species that inhabit the open ocean.

D Coastal waters receive land-derived pollutants after they pass through the open ocean.

E Coastal waters only support about 15% of the total mass of life in the oceans.

Question #35

Which of the following currents contributes to the South Eastern United States being humid?

A North Equatorial Current

B California Current

C Brazil Current

D Gulf Stream

E North Atlantic Current

Question #36

Which of the following powers tropical cyclones?

A West Wind Drift

B Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another.

C A density-driven circulation that is initiated at the ocean surface by temperature and salinity.

D An apparent force resulting from Earth’s rotation that causes particles in motion to be deflected.

E The vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses.

Question #37

The strength of a hurricane stems from water’s ________.

A latent heat of fusion

B latent heat of condensation

C latent heat of sublimation

D latent heat of melting

E latent heat of deposition

Question #38

A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be ________.

A wet and cold

B dry and warm

C wet and warm

D dry and cold

E not enough information to tell

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