Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  proteins into lipids.

B  chyle into pepsin.

C  food into chyle.

D  a bolus into chyme.

E  foodstuffs into bile.

A  b, a, c, d, f, e

B  f, c, d, e, a, b

C  b, d, c, a, f, e

D  e, b, a, c, d, f

E  e, b, d, c, a, f

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

B  secretin; stomach to increase motility

C  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

D  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

E  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

A  disaccharides within the duodenum.

B  amino acids within the stomach.

C  peptides within the small intestine.

D  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

E  starch within the stomach.

A  omental neurons

B  chemoreceptors.

C  bilireceptors.

D  mechanoreceptors.

E  osmodetectors.

A  Pharynx

B  Salivary glands

C  Pancreas

D  Teeth

E  Tongue

A  in the peritoneal cavity.

B  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

C  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

D  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

E  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

A  oral cavity.

B  esophagus.

C  pharynx.

D  small intestine.

E  stomach.

A  Intraperitoneal ligament

B  Hepatic ligament

C  Falciform ligament

D  Coronary ligament

E  Mesentery proper

A  calcium phosphate.

B  cementum.

C  dentin.

D  enamel.

E  pulp.

A  glossus

B  conchae

C  fossae

D  fauces

E  choana

A  adventitia.

B  muscularis interna.

C  serosa.

D  mucosa.

E  submucosa.

A  Salivary amylase activity

B  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

C  Esophageal reflux

D  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

E  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

A  diffuse ingestive structure.

B  organ of mastication.

C  chemically digesting organ.

D  alimentary canal organ.

E  accessory digestive organ.

A  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

B  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

C  peristalsis.

D  mucus secretion.

E  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

A  glossal spines.

B  tonsils.

C  rugae.

D  papillae.

E  cilia.

A  Gastrin

B  Pancreatic amylase

C  Bile

D  Hydrochloric acid

A  Muscularis mucosa

B  Visceral peritoneum

C  Omental layer

D  Parietal peritoneum

E  Rectal peritoneum

A  high.

B  low.

A  Simple columnar epithelium

B  Lymphatic nodules

C  Intestinal glands

D  Goblet cells

E  Villi

A  Cystic duct

B  Hepatopancreatic duct

C  Common bile duct

D  Pancreatic duct

E  Hepatic duct

A  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

B  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

C  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

D  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

E  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

A  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

B  increase surface area in the small intestine.

C  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

D  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

E  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

A  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

B  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

C  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

D  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

A  Esophagus

B  Alveolar ducts

C  Bronchioles

D  Trachea

E  Pharynx

A  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

B  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

C  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

D  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

A  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

B  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

C  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

D  expands the rib cage.

E  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It has an esophageal depression.

B  It has a cardiac impression.

C  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

D  It has a cardiac notch.

E  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

A  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

A  Between the esophagus and the trachea

B  Between the larynx and the pharynx

C  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

D  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

E  Superior to the larynx

A  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

B  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

C  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

D  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

E  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  flexibility; anterior

B  rigidity; posterior

C  rigidity; anterior

D  flexibility; posterior

A  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

B  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

C  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

D  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

A  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

B  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

C  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

D  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

E  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

A  Phrenic nucleus

B  Ventral respiratory group

C  Dorsal respiratory group

D  Pontine respiratory center

A  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

B  calcium and carbon dioxide.

C  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

D  iron and albumin.

A  a, c, d, b

B  d, c, b, a

C  c, a, d, b

D  b, d, c, a

E  b, a, d, c

A  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

B  The alveoli of the lungs

C  The systemic cells

A  enteric

B  autonomic

C  somatic

A  Larynx

B  Trachea

C  Bronchi

D  Alveoli

E  Nasal cavity

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

B  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

C  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

D  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

E  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

A  Alveolar ducts

B  Pulmonary alveoli

C  Terminal bronchioles

D  Respiratory bronchioles

E  Alveolar sacs

A  inversely; directly

B  directly; inversely

C  inversely; inversely

D  directly; directly

A  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

B  The surrounding muscles

C  The internal epithelium

D  The internal air pressure within the trachea

A  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.