Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  foodstuffs into bile.

B  a bolus into chyme.

C  proteins into lipids.

D  food into chyle.

E  chyle into pepsin.

A  e, b, d, c, a, f

B  f, c, d, e, a, b

C  b, a, c, d, f, e

D  b, d, c, a, f, e

E  e, b, a, c, d, f

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

B  secretin; stomach to increase motility

C  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

D  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

E  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

A  starch within the stomach.

B  peptides within the small intestine.

C  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

D  amino acids within the stomach.

E  disaccharides within the duodenum.

A  bilireceptors.

B  mechanoreceptors.

C  omental neurons

D  osmodetectors.

E  chemoreceptors.

A  Pharynx

B  Tongue

C  Salivary glands

D  Teeth

E  Pancreas

A  in the peritoneal cavity.

B  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

C  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

D  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

E  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

A  pharynx.

B  oral cavity.

C  stomach.

D  esophagus.

E  small intestine.

A  Coronary ligament

B  Falciform ligament

C  Hepatic ligament

D  Mesentery proper

E  Intraperitoneal ligament

A  dentin.

B  enamel.

C  calcium phosphate.

D  cementum.

E  pulp.

A  conchae

B  choana

C  fauces

D  fossae

E  glossus

A  serosa.

B  mucosa.

C  adventitia.

D  muscularis interna.

E  submucosa.

A  Salivary amylase activity

B  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

C  Esophageal reflux

D  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

E  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

A  accessory digestive organ.

B  organ of mastication.

C  chemically digesting organ.

D  alimentary canal organ.

E  diffuse ingestive structure.

A  mucus secretion.

B  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

C  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

D  peristalsis.

E  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

A  cilia.

B  tonsils.

C  papillae.

D  glossal spines.

E  rugae.

A  Hydrochloric acid

B  Gastrin

C  Bile

D  Pancreatic amylase

A  Omental layer

B  Visceral peritoneum

C  Parietal peritoneum

D  Muscularis mucosa

E  Rectal peritoneum

A  high.

B  low.

A  Villi

B  Intestinal glands

C  Goblet cells

D  Simple columnar epithelium

E  Lymphatic nodules

A  Hepatic duct

B  Pancreatic duct

C  Common bile duct

D  Cystic duct

E  Hepatopancreatic duct

A  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

B  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

C  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

D  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

E  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

A  increase surface area in the small intestine.

B  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

C  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

D  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

E  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

A  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

B  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

C  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

D  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

A  Alveolar ducts

B  Esophagus

C  Trachea

D  Bronchioles

E  Pharynx

A  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

B  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

C  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

D  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

A  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

B  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

C  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

D  expands the rib cage.

E  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It has an esophageal depression.

B  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

C  It has a cardiac impression.

D  It has a cardiac notch.

E  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

A  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

D  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

A  Superior to the larynx

B  Between the esophagus and the trachea

C  Between the larynx and the pharynx

D  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

E  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

A  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

B  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

C  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

D  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

E  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  flexibility; posterior

B  rigidity; posterior

C  flexibility; anterior

D  rigidity; anterior

A  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

B  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

C  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

D  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

A  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

B  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

C  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

D  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

E  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

A  Dorsal respiratory group

B  Phrenic nucleus

C  Pontine respiratory center

D  Ventral respiratory group

A  calcium and carbon dioxide.

B  iron and albumin.

C  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

D  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

A  b, d, c, a

B  a, c, d, b

C  d, c, b, a

D  c, a, d, b

E  b, a, d, c

A  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

B  The alveoli of the lungs

C  The systemic cells

A  autonomic

B  somatic

C  enteric

A  Bronchi

B  Nasal cavity

C  Alveoli

D  Trachea

E  Larynx

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

B  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

C  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

D  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

E  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

A  Pulmonary alveoli

B  Respiratory bronchioles

C  Terminal bronchioles

D  Alveolar sacs

E  Alveolar ducts

A  inversely; directly

B  directly; directly

C  inversely; inversely

D  directly; inversely

A  The internal air pressure within the trachea

B  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

C  The surrounding muscles

D  The internal epithelium

A  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.