Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  food into chyle.

B  foodstuffs into bile.

C  chyle into pepsin.

D  proteins into lipids.

E  a bolus into chyme.

A  b, a, c, d, f, e

B  f, c, d, e, a, b

C  b, d, c, a, f, e

D  e, b, a, c, d, f

E  e, b, d, c, a, f

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

B  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

C  secretin; stomach to increase motility

D  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

E  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

A  disaccharides within the duodenum.

B  starch within the stomach.

C  amino acids within the stomach.

D  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

E  peptides within the small intestine.

A  mechanoreceptors.

B  omental neurons

C  osmodetectors.

D  bilireceptors.

E  chemoreceptors.

A  Tongue

B  Pancreas

C  Salivary glands

D  Teeth

E  Pharynx

A  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

B  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

C  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

D  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

E  in the peritoneal cavity.

A  small intestine.

B  esophagus.

C  oral cavity.

D  stomach.

E  pharynx.

A  Mesentery proper

B  Hepatic ligament

C  Intraperitoneal ligament

D  Coronary ligament

E  Falciform ligament

A  dentin.

B  enamel.

C  calcium phosphate.

D  pulp.

E  cementum.

A  choana

B  conchae

C  fauces

D  glossus

E  fossae

A  mucosa.

B  submucosa.

C  adventitia.

D  serosa.

E  muscularis interna.

A  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

B  Salivary amylase activity

C  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

D  Esophageal reflux

E  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

A  chemically digesting organ.

B  alimentary canal organ.

C  accessory digestive organ.

D  organ of mastication.

E  diffuse ingestive structure.

A  peristalsis.

B  mucus secretion.

C  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

D  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

E  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

A  glossal spines.

B  papillae.

C  rugae.

D  cilia.

E  tonsils.

A  Pancreatic amylase

B  Gastrin

C  Hydrochloric acid

D  Bile

A  Rectal peritoneum

B  Parietal peritoneum

C  Muscularis mucosa

D  Visceral peritoneum

E  Omental layer

A  low.

B  high.

A  Simple columnar epithelium

B  Lymphatic nodules

C  Goblet cells

D  Villi

E  Intestinal glands

A  Pancreatic duct

B  Cystic duct

C  Hepatopancreatic duct

D  Common bile duct

E  Hepatic duct

A  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

B  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

C  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

D  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

E  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

A  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

B  increase surface area in the small intestine.

C  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

D  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

E  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

A  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

B  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

C  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

D  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

A  Trachea

B  Alveolar ducts

C  Pharynx

D  Esophagus

E  Bronchioles

A  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

B  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

C  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

D  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

A  expands the rib cage.

B  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

C  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

D  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

E  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

B  It has a cardiac notch.

C  It has a cardiac impression.

D  It has an esophageal depression.

E  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

A  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

D  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

A  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

B  Superior to the larynx

C  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

D  Between the larynx and the pharynx

E  Between the esophagus and the trachea

A  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

B  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

C  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

D  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

E  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  flexibility; posterior

B  rigidity; anterior

C  flexibility; anterior

D  rigidity; posterior

A  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

B  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

C  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

D  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

A  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

B  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

C  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

D  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

E  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

A  Dorsal respiratory group

B  Ventral respiratory group

C  Phrenic nucleus

D  Pontine respiratory center

A  calcium and carbon dioxide.

B  iron and albumin.

C  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

D  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

A  b, a, d, c

B  d, c, b, a

C  a, c, d, b

D  c, a, d, b

E  b, d, c, a

A  The alveoli of the lungs

B  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

C  The systemic cells

A  somatic

B  enteric

C  autonomic

A  Bronchi

B  Trachea

C  Larynx

D  Alveoli

E  Nasal cavity

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

B  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

C  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

D  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

E  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

A  Terminal bronchioles

B  Alveolar sacs

C  Pulmonary alveoli

D  Respiratory bronchioles

E  Alveolar ducts

A  inversely; inversely

B  directly; inversely

C  inversely; directly

D  directly; directly

A  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

B  The internal air pressure within the trachea

C  The internal epithelium

D  The surrounding muscles

A  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.