Midterm Exam

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Question #1

Infant day care is of high quality if caregivers emphasize, among other things:,,

A a regular nap and quiet time for all infants.

B sensorimotor exploration.

C each infant having his or her own playpen.

D a variety of caregivers every day.

Question #2

Six month old Sarah sucks harder on a nipple, evidences a change in heart rate, or stares longer at one image than at another when presented with a change of stimulus. This indicates that she:,Six month old Sarah sucks harder on a nipple, evidences a change in heart rate, or stares longer at one image than at another when presented with a change of stimulus. This indicates that she:,

A has become habituated to the new stimulus.

B is annoyed by the change.

C is both hungry and angry.

D perceives some differences between stimuli.

Question #3

Most of the nerve cells a human brain will ever need are present:

A at birth.

B at conception.

C at age 5 or 6.

D about one month following conception.

Question #4

Three week old Nathan should have the least difficulty focusing on the sight of:

A his mother’s face as she holds him in her arms.

B the family dog as it dashes into the nursery.

C stuffed animals on a bookshelf across the room from his crib.

D the checkerboard pattern in the wallpaper covering the ceiling of his room.

Question #5

Anna’s pediatrician informs her parents that Anna’s one year old brain is exhibiting transient exuberance. In response to this news, Anna’s parents;

A know that this process, in which axons become coated, is normal.

B worry, because this may indicate increased vulnerability to a later learning disability.

C smile, because they knoe their daughter’s brain is developing new neural connections.

D are alarmed, because this news indicates that the frontal lobe area of Anna’s cortex is immature.

Question #6

When nutrition is temporary inadequate, the body stops growing but the brain does not. This is called:

A head-sparing.

B marasmus.

C wasting.

D stunting.

Question #7

When we revamp our old ways of thinking because of new information, Piaget calls this

A assimilation.

B historical context.

C accommodation

D imitation.

Question #8

When a baby is upset because a caregiver is leaving, the baby is exhibiting:

A general anxiety.

B solitary fear.

C fear of isolation.

D separation anxiety.

Question #9

The text indicates that one of the possible reasons that growing infants sleep as much as they do is that:

A their parasymphathetic nervous system develops with the help of sleep neurotransmitters

B they are generating new leukocytes to fight infection during that time

C more growth hormones are released during sleep than during wakefullnes

D sleep is the only time when memories can be consolidated into permanency

Question #10

The second “crisis of life,” according to Erikson, is:

A autonomy vs. shame and doubt.

B the oral stage.

C industry vs. inferiority.

D trust vs. mistrust.

Question #11

The process by which underused neurons are inactivated is known as:

A plasticity.

B neuron deactivation.

C transient exuberance.

D pruning.

Question #12

The Piagetian sensorimotor stage, new means through active experimentation is in:

A stage six.

B stage five.

C stage three.

D stage four.

Question #13

The nerve cells of the brain are called:

A axon

B the cortex

C dendrites

D neurons

Question #14

The frontal areas of the cortex:

A are well developed in newborns.

B help us understand spoken words

C are responsible for visual functions

D assist with self control

Question #15

The biological protection of the brain when malnutrition temporarily affects body growth is known as:

A the blood brain barrier

B head sparing

C cephalo-sequential primary default

D brain overrride

Question #16

The average child can walk well unassisted at about:

A 2 years

B 6 months

C 1 year

D 18 months

Question #17

The area in the brain that plans, anticipates, and controls impulses is the last part of the brain mature. This area is:

A the prefrontal cortex

B the temporal cortex

C the striate cortex

D the parietal cortex

Question #18

Sensation is demonstrated when a person:

A solves a math problem correctly

B believes that two pizzas are the same size, regardless of the number of slices

C is able to hear someone whispering

D understands what someone is telling him

Question #19

Secure attachment makes a toddler:

A self-centered.

B willing to explore.

C cling to the mother.

D try to talk.

Question #20

Piaget called the active intellectual functioning of infants:

A sensorimotor intelligence.

B imitative learning.

C adaptation.

D object awareness.

Question #21

Jan’s mother calls him “high strung” because he is disturbed by even the slightest noise, is very hard to distract, and extremely fussy. The New York Longitudinal Study would call him:

A hard to classify.

B an extrovert.

C difficult.

D slow to warm up.

Question #22

In Erikson’s theory, the infant’s earliest task is described as that of:

A learning pain and pleasure.

B learning trust or mistrust.

C controlling bodily functions.

D obtaining oral gratification.

Question #23

If we place a dot of rouge on an 18 month old’s nose and stand the child in front of a mirror, she may then touch her nose. This shows that the child has some:

A social referencing.

B perceptual constancy.

C self awareness.

D dynamic perception.

Question #24

Hugh enjoys playing with your keys. When you take them away and place them in your pocket, Hugh does not search for them. Piaget would say that Hugh does not understand:

A affordances.

B object permanence

C egocentrism.

D conservation.

Question #25

During the sensorimotor stage, the main task is to:

A learn to use language to express sensations.

B think logically and critically.

C use senses and motor skills to understand the world.

D think of past and future events.

Question #26

Children reach half their adult height by age:

A 6 years

B 3 years

C 4 years

D 2 years

Question #27

Breast milk:

A provides more iron and vitaminC and A than cow’s milk.

B upsets the baby’s digestive system more often than formulas.

C is deficient in iron and vitamin C.

D is more likely than formula to produce alleries.

Question #28

Brain weight triples in the first two years of life primarily because of the growth of:

A synapses

B axons

C dendrites

D neurons

Question #29

Babbling:

A is universal.

B precedes cooing.

C occurs only if the infant can hear.

D is found only in infants from the Western Hemisphere.

Question #30

An increased level of cortisol is associated with an infant’s:

A anger.

B sadness.

C well being.

D secure attachment.

Question #31

An awareness of things—responding to people and objects

A stage one of Piaget’s sensorimotor stages.

B stage four of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage.

C stage two of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage.

D stage three of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage

Question #32

According to psychoanalytic theory, the prime focus of pleasure in early infancy is:

A the stomach.

B the anus.

C the mouth.

D the hands and feet.

Question #33

According to Piaget, the stage-five infant is like:

A neurotic who cannot take no for an answer.

B scientist who experiments to see.

C child in terrible twos.

D mime who imitates behavior of all kind.

Question #34

According to Jean Piaget, the two elements of adaptation are:

A object permanence and circular reactions.

B mental combinations and trial and error.

C goal- directed behavior and habituation.

D assimilation and accommodation.

Question #35

According to Chomsky’s theory of language acquisition:

A children learn language through a complex process of imitation and reinforcement.

B children have an inborn ability to learn language.

C language learning depends on specific structure in the brain.

D the inability to learn language is due to specific brain dysfunctions.

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