Exam 1

A  sociobiology and heredity

B  heredity

C  sociobiology

D  the media

A  females being treated with more leniency by police

B  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

C  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

D  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

A  liberation hypothesis

B  maturation hypothesis

C  gender gap hypothesis

D  frustration hypothesis

A  physical aggression

B  indirect aggression

C  social aggression

D  relational aggression

A  their relations with others

B  their appearance

C  their athletic abilities

D  their academic abilities

A  rational choice theory

B  feminist theory

C  deterrence and rational theory

D  deterrence theory

A  others from committing similar acts

B  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

C  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

B  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

C  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

D  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

A  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

B  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

C  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

D  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

A  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

B  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

C  programs that are focused on education

D  children who are overly anxious about crime

A  personal health

B  religiosity

C  level of educational attainment

D  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

A  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

B  is no longer important

C  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

D  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

A  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

B  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

C  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

D  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

A  deviance really does not exist

B  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

C  deviance cannot be seen

D  deviance is the same to all

A  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

B  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

C  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

D  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

A  solitary confinement

B  inadequate medical care in prison

C  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

D  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

A  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

B  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

C  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

D  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

A  relative unimportance

B  having no effect on future behavior

C  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

D  causing a variety of activities

A  no situation is ever the same

B  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

C  situations can cause serious consequences

D  situations are defined differently

A  only social expectations

B  social status, social roles, and social expectations

C  only social status

D  only social roles

A  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

B  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

C  were not interested in delinquency

D  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

A  They have absolutely no social bonds

B  They have a great deal of remorse

C  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

D  They have strong social bonds

A  locked into a particular situation

B  unchanging

C  occasionally free to “drift”

D  an immoral person

A  denial of harm

B  condemning the condemner

C  appeal to higher loyalties

D  denial of responsibility

A  does not vary among individuals

B  applies only to juveniles

C  cannot be applied to juveniles

D  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

A  pride and self-worth

B  mental conflict and anxiety

C  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

D  alienation and frustration

A  they come from a wealthy background

B  they have a strong religious background

C  come from a hard-working background

D  they have been rewarded for doing so

A  are ignored by most youth

B  can become viable role models for some youngsters

C  have no effect on females

D  have no effect on juveniles

A  will become a ward of the state

B  slips into juvenile delinquency

C  can never become a law-abiding citizen

D  loses interest in society

A  socialization

B  characterization

C  politicization

D  crystallization

A  Cambodian

B  Chinese

C  Japanese

D  Korean

A  in jail

B  in the suburbs

C  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

D  in the rural outreaches of the city

A  really not that important

B  not identifiable

C  not uniform throughout the population

D  uniform throughout the population

A  retreatist-oriented gang

B  conflict-oriented gang

C  rebellion-oriented gang

D  crime-oriented gang

A  the behavior of lower class juveniles

B  average boys.

C  middle class juveniles

D  abused children

A  rebellion

B  retreatism

C  ritualism

D  centralism

A  retreatism

B  conformity

C  ritualism

D  innovation

A  economic status

B  arrest rates

C  local government

D  prevailing social conditions

A  suicide rates drop dramatically

B  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

C  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

D  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

A  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

B  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

C  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

D  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

A  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

B  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

C  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

D  bullies, victims, and interlopers

A  normal behavior

B  social indifference

C  personality

D  deviant behavior

A  totally ignored

B  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

C  accepted by most criminologists

D  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

A  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

B  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

C  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

D  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

A  victims distrust surveys

B  victims really do not care to answer the questions

C  victims have never filed any police complaint

D  victims are the only source of information

A  divert the matter away from the court system

B  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

C  dismiss the case

D  let the parents handle the case

A  only because of the frequency of occurrence

B  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

C  only because of their seriousness

D  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

A  it produces results

B  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

C  the average person believes it

D  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

A  negative norms

B  outdated

C  prescriptive norms

D  proscriptive norms

A  are referred to as status offenses

B  are not illegal when done by adults

C  are prohibited for juveniles

D  all of the above