Exam 1

A  sociobiology

B  heredity

C  sociobiology and heredity

D  the media

A  females being treated with more leniency by police

B  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

C  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

D  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

A  frustration hypothesis

B  liberation hypothesis

C  maturation hypothesis

D  gender gap hypothesis

A  physical aggression

B  relational aggression

C  indirect aggression

D  social aggression

A  their relations with others

B  their academic abilities

C  their appearance

D  their athletic abilities

A  deterrence and rational theory

B  rational choice theory

C  deterrence theory

D  feminist theory

A  others from committing similar acts

B  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

C  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

B  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

C  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

D  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

A  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

B  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

C  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

D  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

A  programs that are focused on education

B  children who are overly anxious about crime

C  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

D  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

A  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

B  religiosity

C  personal health

D  level of educational attainment

A  is no longer important

B  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

C  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

D  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

A  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

B  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

C  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

D  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

A  deviance is the same to all

B  deviance really does not exist

C  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

D  deviance cannot be seen

A  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

B  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

C  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

D  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

A  solitary confinement

B  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

C  inadequate medical care in prison

D  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

A  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

B  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

C  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

D  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

A  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

B  having no effect on future behavior

C  causing a variety of activities

D  relative unimportance

A  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

B  no situation is ever the same

C  situations are defined differently

D  situations can cause serious consequences

A  only social status

B  social status, social roles, and social expectations

C  only social expectations

D  only social roles

A  were not interested in delinquency

B  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

C  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

D  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

A  They have a great deal of remorse

B  They have absolutely no social bonds

C  They have strong social bonds

D  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

A  unchanging

B  locked into a particular situation

C  occasionally free to “drift”

D  an immoral person

A  condemning the condemner

B  denial of harm

C  denial of responsibility

D  appeal to higher loyalties

A  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

B  applies only to juveniles

C  cannot be applied to juveniles

D  does not vary among individuals

A  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

B  mental conflict and anxiety

C  pride and self-worth

D  alienation and frustration

A  they have a strong religious background

B  come from a hard-working background

C  they come from a wealthy background

D  they have been rewarded for doing so

A  have no effect on females

B  are ignored by most youth

C  can become viable role models for some youngsters

D  have no effect on juveniles

A  can never become a law-abiding citizen

B  will become a ward of the state

C  slips into juvenile delinquency

D  loses interest in society

A  characterization

B  socialization

C  politicization

D  crystallization

A  Korean

B  Cambodian

C  Chinese

D  Japanese

A  in the rural outreaches of the city

B  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

C  in the suburbs

D  in jail

A  uniform throughout the population

B  really not that important

C  not identifiable

D  not uniform throughout the population

A  crime-oriented gang

B  retreatist-oriented gang

C  conflict-oriented gang

D  rebellion-oriented gang

A  middle class juveniles

B  the behavior of lower class juveniles

C  abused children

D  average boys.

A  ritualism

B  rebellion

C  retreatism

D  centralism

A  retreatism

B  conformity

C  ritualism

D  innovation

A  economic status

B  local government

C  prevailing social conditions

D  arrest rates

A  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

B  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

C  suicide rates drop dramatically

D  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

A  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

B  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

C  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

D  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

A  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

B  bullies, victims, and interlopers

C  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

D  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

A  social indifference

B  deviant behavior

C  personality

D  normal behavior

A  accepted by most criminologists

B  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

C  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

D  totally ignored

A  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

B  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

C  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

D  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

A  victims really do not care to answer the questions

B  victims distrust surveys

C  victims have never filed any police complaint

D  victims are the only source of information

A  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

B  let the parents handle the case

C  divert the matter away from the court system

D  dismiss the case

A  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

B  only because of their seriousness

C  only because of the frequency of occurrence

D  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

A  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

B  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

C  the average person believes it

D  it produces results

A  outdated

B  negative norms

C  proscriptive norms

D  prescriptive norms

A  are not illegal when done by adults

B  are prohibited for juveniles

C  are referred to as status offenses

D  all of the above