Exam 5

A  trophoblast

B  polyspermal

C  fertilization

D  polyspermy

A  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth and forms a blastula.

B  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth.

C  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development.

D  It forms a blastula.

E  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development involving consecutive cycles of cell division.

A  epiblast

B  hypoblast

C  blastopore

D  fertilization.

A  develop into connective tissue.

B  develop into both muscle and epithelial tissue.

C  develop into muscle tissue.

D  develop into epithelial tissue.

E  not develop if transplanted.

F    

A  hydrolytic enzymes are spilled from the acrosome

B  a fusion of the egg and sperm membranes

C  a slow block to polyspermy

D  the binding of a sperm cell to the egg

E  a fast block to polyspermy

A  the embryo to embed into the uterus.

B  fast block polyspermy.

C  the zona pellucida or vitelline layer to harden.

D  the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.

E  egg membrane depolarization.

A  to trigger the release of cortical granules

B  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell and to nourish the oocyte

C  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

D  to nourish the oocyte

E  to digest the jelly coat

F  to trigger the release of cortical granules and to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

A  slow

B  constant

C  fast

D  moderate

A  induction

B  cleavage

C  fertilization

D  specification

E  gastrulation

A  The animal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis.

B  The vegetal pole can have a higher concentration of yolk.

C  The blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole.

D  The posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole.

E  The polar bodies bud from this region

A  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

B  to trigger the release of cortical granules

C  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

D  to digest the jelly coat

E  to nourish the mitochondria of the sperm

A  induces blastulation of the developing embryo.

B  that separates out cytoplasmic factors to their respective cells within the developing embryo.

C  induces implantation of the embryo into the uterus of mammals.

D  is produced as a gradient & is required for cell-to-cell contact within the embryo.

E  is produced as a gradient & induces the differentiation of cells within the embryo.

A  archenteron

B  primitive streak

C  blastopore

D  blastocoel

E  point of sperm entry

A  the cortical reaction

B  the entry of sperm DNA into the egg

C  fast block to polyspermy

D  the slow block to polyspermy

E  the acrosomal reaction

A  V, IV, II, III, I

B  V, III, IV, II, I

C  III, V, II, IV, I

D  IV, III, V, I, II

E  IV, V, I, III, II

A  the acrosomal reaction

B  both the acrosomal and cortical reactions

C  both the cortical reaction and fast block to polyspermy

D  the fast block to polyspermy

E  the cortical reaction

A  the notochord in a mammal.

B  neural crest cells in a mammal.

C  polar bodies in a sea urchin.

D  the archenteron in a frog.

E  the lip of the blastopore in the frog.

A  digestive tract

B  reproductive organs

C  brain and spinal cord

D  heart and lungs

E  the blastocoel

A  fertilization

B  specification

C  gastrulation

D  induction

E  cleavage

A  chorion

B  amnion

C  trophoblast

D  allantois

E  yolk sac

A  form the overlying ectoderm.

B  control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.

C  differentiate into the brain.

D  form the notochord.

E  migrate to many different regions of the body.

A  blastopore

B  acrosome

C  chromosome

D  protostome

A  cell division and differentiation.

B  differentiation and morphogenesis.

C    

D  preformation and morphogenesis.

E  preformation and cell differentiation.

F  preformation and epigenesis.

A  reptile.

B  bird.

C  fish.

D  placental mammal.

E  frog.

A  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

B  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

C  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

D  acrosomal reaction, binding of sperm to egg membrane, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

E  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Neural tube

B  Archenteron

C  Intestinal tract

D  Epidermis

E  Notochord

A  Chorion

B  Archenteron

C  Notochord

D  Epidermis

A  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures.

B  Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

C  Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

D  The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

E  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

A  Sonic hedgehog

B  zone of polarizing activity

C  apical ectodermal ridge

D  cadherins

E  HOX genes

A  Fertilization

B  Organogenesis

C  Neurulation

D  Gastrulation

E  Cleavage

A  transport proteins.

B  extracellular matrix.

C  cytoskeleton.

D  nucleus.

A  insect

B  amphibian

C  sea urchin

D  fish

E  bird

A  morphogenesis.

B  preformation.

C  histogenesis.

D  fertilization.

E  cell differentiation.

A  fertilization.

B  organogenesis.

C  autonomous specification.

D  polar cap fusion.

E  gastrulation.

A  preformation.

B  histogenesis.

C  gastrulation

D  hypoblast

A  produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.

B  occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.

C  proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.

D  occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

E  is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  cell elasticity.

B  cell differentiation.

C  cell replication.

D  cell growth.

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  fertilization.

B  organogenesis.

C  cleavage.

D  neurulation.

E  gastrulation.

A  It determines hereditable disorders in the embryo.

B  It determines the ultimate structure/function of a particular cell type during embryonic development.

C  It maps the genes of an embryo.

D  It assesses the quality of a developing embryo.

E  It maps the proteins within a morphogenic field.

A  blastopore

B  Acrosome

A  blastocoel.

B  blastopore

C  endometrium.

D  trophoblast.

E  archenteron.

A  nuclei in an early embryo.

B  nuclei in an egg.

C  cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote.

D  nuclei in a zygote.

E  cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.

A  can lead to unequal cleavage of cells in the animal pole compared to those in the vegetal pole.

B  is concentrated at the animal pole.

C  prevents gastrulation.

D  is homogeneously arranged in the egg.

E  impedes the formation of a primitive streak.

A  cells that will form future pigment cells and certain facial bones.

B  the archenteron.

C  the central nervous system.

D  the neural crest.

E  somites.

A  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

B  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, neurulation, organogenesis

C  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis, neurulation

D  fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, cleavage, organogenesis

E  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation

A  Only the cell with the gray crescent will develop normally.

B  The cell with the entire gray crescent will die.

C  Both cells will develop abnormally.

D  Both cells will die immediately.

E  Both cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.