Exam 5

A  polyspermy

B  trophoblast

C  polyspermal

D  fertilization

A  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development.

B  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth and forms a blastula.

C  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development involving consecutive cycles of cell division.

D  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth.

E  It forms a blastula.

A  fertilization.

B  blastopore

C  hypoblast

D  epiblast

A  develop into connective tissue.

B  not develop if transplanted.

C  develop into epithelial tissue.

D  develop into muscle tissue.

E    

F  develop into both muscle and epithelial tissue.

A  the binding of a sperm cell to the egg

B  hydrolytic enzymes are spilled from the acrosome

C  a fast block to polyspermy

D  a slow block to polyspermy

E  a fusion of the egg and sperm membranes

A  the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.

B  fast block polyspermy.

C  egg membrane depolarization.

D  the zona pellucida or vitelline layer to harden.

E  the embryo to embed into the uterus.

A  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell and to nourish the oocyte

B  to digest the jelly coat

C  to nourish the oocyte

D  to trigger the release of cortical granules and to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

E  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

F  to trigger the release of cortical granules

A  fast

B  slow

C  constant

D  moderate

A  fertilization

B  specification

C  cleavage

D  induction

E  gastrulation

A  The posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole.

B  The blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole.

C  The polar bodies bud from this region

D  The vegetal pole can have a higher concentration of yolk.

E  The animal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis.

A  to nourish the mitochondria of the sperm

B  to trigger the release of cortical granules

C  to digest the jelly coat

D  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

E  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

A  induces blastulation of the developing embryo.

B  is produced as a gradient & induces the differentiation of cells within the embryo.

C  that separates out cytoplasmic factors to their respective cells within the developing embryo.

D  induces implantation of the embryo into the uterus of mammals.

E  is produced as a gradient & is required for cell-to-cell contact within the embryo.

A  point of sperm entry

B  blastocoel

C  archenteron

D  blastopore

E  primitive streak

A  the cortical reaction

B  the slow block to polyspermy

C  the acrosomal reaction

D  fast block to polyspermy

E  the entry of sperm DNA into the egg

A  V, III, IV, II, I

B  III, V, II, IV, I

C  V, IV, II, III, I

D  IV, V, I, III, II

E  IV, III, V, I, II

A  both the cortical reaction and fast block to polyspermy

B  the cortical reaction

C  the acrosomal reaction

D  both the acrosomal and cortical reactions

E  the fast block to polyspermy

A  the lip of the blastopore in the frog.

B  polar bodies in a sea urchin.

C  the archenteron in a frog.

D  neural crest cells in a mammal.

E  the notochord in a mammal.

A  brain and spinal cord

B  heart and lungs

C  reproductive organs

D  the blastocoel

E  digestive tract

A  fertilization

B  specification

C  cleavage

D  induction

E  gastrulation

A  amnion

B  allantois

C  trophoblast

D  yolk sac

E  chorion

A  differentiate into the brain.

B  migrate to many different regions of the body.

C  form the overlying ectoderm.

D  control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.

E  form the notochord.

A  blastopore

B  acrosome

C  chromosome

D  protostome

A  cell division and differentiation.

B  differentiation and morphogenesis.

C    

D  preformation and epigenesis.

E  preformation and morphogenesis.

F  preformation and cell differentiation.

A  frog.

B  placental mammal.

C  fish.

D  bird.

E  reptile.

A  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

B  acrosomal reaction, binding of sperm to egg membrane, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

C  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

D  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

E  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Archenteron

B  Intestinal tract

C  Neural tube

D  Notochord

E  Epidermis

A  Epidermis

B  Notochord

C  Chorion

D  Archenteron

A  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

B  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures.

C  The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

D  Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

E  Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

A  Sonic hedgehog

B  HOX genes

C  apical ectodermal ridge

D  cadherins

E  zone of polarizing activity

A  Cleavage

B  Neurulation

C  Fertilization

D  Organogenesis

E  Gastrulation

A  cytoskeleton.

B  nucleus.

C  transport proteins.

D  extracellular matrix.

A  insect

B  amphibian

C  fish

D  bird

E  sea urchin

A  histogenesis.

B  cell differentiation.

C  fertilization.

D  preformation.

E  morphogenesis.

A  polar cap fusion.

B  fertilization.

C  gastrulation.

D  autonomous specification.

E  organogenesis.

A  hypoblast

B  histogenesis.

C  gastrulation

D  preformation.

A  is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.

B  produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.

C  occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.

D  occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

E  proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  cell growth.

B  cell differentiation.

C  cell elasticity.

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  cell replication.

A  fertilization.

B  neurulation.

C  organogenesis.

D  cleavage.

E  gastrulation.

A  It assesses the quality of a developing embryo.

B  It determines the ultimate structure/function of a particular cell type during embryonic development.

C  It determines hereditable disorders in the embryo.

D  It maps the genes of an embryo.

E  It maps the proteins within a morphogenic field.

A  blastopore

B  Acrosome

A  trophoblast.

B  endometrium.

C  blastocoel.

D  blastopore

E  archenteron.

A  nuclei in an early embryo.

B  nuclei in a zygote.

C  cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.

D  cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote.

E  nuclei in an egg.

A  prevents gastrulation.

B  is homogeneously arranged in the egg.

C  can lead to unequal cleavage of cells in the animal pole compared to those in the vegetal pole.

D  is concentrated at the animal pole.

E  impedes the formation of a primitive streak.

A  cells that will form future pigment cells and certain facial bones.

B  the neural crest.

C  the archenteron.

D  somites.

E  the central nervous system.

A  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis, neurulation

B  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, neurulation, organogenesis

C  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

D  fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, cleavage, organogenesis

E  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation

A  Both cells will die immediately.

B  Only the cell with the gray crescent will develop normally.

C  The cell with the entire gray crescent will die.

D  Both cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.

E  Both cells will develop abnormally.