Exam 5

A  trophoblast

B  polyspermal

C  polyspermy

D  fertilization

A  It forms a blastula.

B  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth.

C  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development involving consecutive cycles of cell division.

D  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth and forms a blastula.

E  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development.

A  blastopore

B  hypoblast

C  fertilization.

D  epiblast

A    

B  develop into both muscle and epithelial tissue.

C  develop into connective tissue.

D  develop into epithelial tissue.

E  not develop if transplanted.

F  develop into muscle tissue.

A  a slow block to polyspermy

B  a fusion of the egg and sperm membranes

C  hydrolytic enzymes are spilled from the acrosome

D  the binding of a sperm cell to the egg

E  a fast block to polyspermy

A  fast block polyspermy.

B  the zona pellucida or vitelline layer to harden.

C  the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.

D  egg membrane depolarization.

E  the embryo to embed into the uterus.

A  to trigger the release of cortical granules and to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

B  to nourish the oocyte

C  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell and to nourish the oocyte

D  to trigger the release of cortical granules

E  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

F  to digest the jelly coat

A  fast

B  slow

C  constant

D  moderate

A  cleavage

B  specification

C  induction

D  gastrulation

E  fertilization

A  The blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole.

B  The vegetal pole can have a higher concentration of yolk.

C  The polar bodies bud from this region

D  The posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole.

E  The animal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis.

A  to digest the jelly coat

B  to nourish the mitochondria of the sperm

C  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

D  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

E  to trigger the release of cortical granules

A  is produced as a gradient & is required for cell-to-cell contact within the embryo.

B  is produced as a gradient & induces the differentiation of cells within the embryo.

C  induces blastulation of the developing embryo.

D  induces implantation of the embryo into the uterus of mammals.

E  that separates out cytoplasmic factors to their respective cells within the developing embryo.

A  blastocoel

B  blastopore

C  point of sperm entry

D  primitive streak

E  archenteron

A  fast block to polyspermy

B  the entry of sperm DNA into the egg

C  the acrosomal reaction

D  the cortical reaction

E  the slow block to polyspermy

A  III, V, II, IV, I

B  V, IV, II, III, I

C  IV, V, I, III, II

D  IV, III, V, I, II

E  V, III, IV, II, I

A  the acrosomal reaction

B  the cortical reaction

C  the fast block to polyspermy

D  both the cortical reaction and fast block to polyspermy

E  both the acrosomal and cortical reactions

A  polar bodies in a sea urchin.

B  neural crest cells in a mammal.

C  the lip of the blastopore in the frog.

D  the archenteron in a frog.

E  the notochord in a mammal.

A  reproductive organs

B  the blastocoel

C  brain and spinal cord

D  heart and lungs

E  digestive tract

A  specification

B  induction

C  fertilization

D  cleavage

E  gastrulation

A  allantois

B  yolk sac

C  trophoblast

D  amnion

E  chorion

A  migrate to many different regions of the body.

B  form the notochord.

C  differentiate into the brain.

D  control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.

E  form the overlying ectoderm.

A  protostome

B  blastopore

C  chromosome

D  acrosome

A  differentiation and morphogenesis.

B  preformation and morphogenesis.

C  preformation and cell differentiation.

D  cell division and differentiation.

E    

F  preformation and epigenesis.

A  fish.

B  frog.

C  reptile.

D  bird.

E  placental mammal.

A  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

B  acrosomal reaction, binding of sperm to egg membrane, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

C  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

D  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

E  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Neural tube

B  Notochord

C  Intestinal tract

D  Archenteron

E  Epidermis

A  Chorion

B  Notochord

C  Archenteron

D  Epidermis

A  The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

B  Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

C  Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

D  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

E  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures.

A  cadherins

B  HOX genes

C  zone of polarizing activity

D  apical ectodermal ridge

E  Sonic hedgehog

A  Fertilization

B  Gastrulation

C  Neurulation

D  Cleavage

E  Organogenesis

A  extracellular matrix.

B  transport proteins.

C  nucleus.

D  cytoskeleton.

A  bird

B  sea urchin

C  amphibian

D  insect

E  fish

A  preformation.

B  histogenesis.

C  cell differentiation.

D  fertilization.

E  morphogenesis.

A  gastrulation.

B  autonomous specification.

C  fertilization.

D  polar cap fusion.

E  organogenesis.

A  histogenesis.

B  hypoblast

C  preformation.

D  gastrulation

A  proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.

B  occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.

C  occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

D  is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.

E  produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  cell replication.

C  cell growth.

D  cell elasticity.

E  cell differentiation.

A  gastrulation.

B  cleavage.

C  organogenesis.

D  fertilization.

E  neurulation.

A  It assesses the quality of a developing embryo.

B  It determines the ultimate structure/function of a particular cell type during embryonic development.

C  It maps the proteins within a morphogenic field.

D  It determines hereditable disorders in the embryo.

E  It maps the genes of an embryo.

A  Acrosome

B  blastopore

A  archenteron.

B  endometrium.

C  blastocoel.

D  blastopore

E  trophoblast.

A  nuclei in an early embryo.

B  nuclei in an egg.

C  cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote.

D  cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.

E  nuclei in a zygote.

A  impedes the formation of a primitive streak.

B  is concentrated at the animal pole.

C  prevents gastrulation.

D  can lead to unequal cleavage of cells in the animal pole compared to those in the vegetal pole.

E  is homogeneously arranged in the egg.

A  the archenteron.

B  the neural crest.

C  somites.

D  cells that will form future pigment cells and certain facial bones.

E  the central nervous system.

A  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis, neurulation

B  fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, cleavage, organogenesis

C  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, neurulation, organogenesis

D  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation

E  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

A  Only the cell with the gray crescent will develop normally.

B  Both cells will develop abnormally.

C  The cell with the entire gray crescent will die.

D  Both cells will die immediately.

E  Both cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.