Exam 2 Chapters 7 – 11

A  Had a positive effect in corrections

B  Lost their jobs

C  Resigned before losing their positions

D  Provided inaccurate information, to the detriment of the organization

A  The media construction of crime will define what are thought to be the causes of crime

B  The media construction of crime will reduce the seriousness of the crime

C  The media construction of crime will identify what policies of crime control should be adopted

D  The media construction of crime will define what acts are regarded as criminal

A  The imposition of additional behavioral controls

B  Increase in recidivism

C  Additional treatment and re-entry programs

D  A decrease in treatment programs

A  Using persuasive interviewing techniques to influence others to disclose material they would normally not disclose

B  When a journalist makes an attempt in hard news to persuade using emotional rhetoric rather than fact

C  Any intentional and successful influence of a person by noncoercively altering the actual choices available to the person or by non-persuasively altering the perceptions by others of those choices.

D  When a journalist relies on an unsubstantiated argument without noting its weaknesses to produce a desired conclusion

A  Extortion through mistreatment or harassment

B  Accepting gratuities to protect illicit activity

C  Theft of new televisions from the prison loading dock

D  Soliciting a fee from an inmate for finding him a job

A  Do not lug (smuggle) drugs in to inmates

B  Assist inmates in getting rehabilitated

C  Do not rat (inform on other guards)

D  Always support fellow officers against inmate claims/allegations

A  Guards are increasingly using more excessive force

B  A humane correctional system is impossible given the dominant theory and practice of retribution

C  Prisons have cultures where guards are corrupted and prisoners are denied their humanity

D  Officer training emphasizes emotional detachment and degrading treatment

A  Victims who are perpetrated against by a stranger are considered more newsworthy than a victim who knows the perpetrator

B  Rape is the most likely crime to be reported

C  Homicides are considered more newsworthy when the victim is white

D  Crimes against children are considered more newsworthy than crimes against the adults

A  Assassination violates U.S. values and principles because it is done in secret and is a display of the exercise of overbearing state power against individuals.

B  Targeted killing calls into question the morality of U.S. foreign policy, which stresses human rights and democracy.

C  Assassination is an immoral act and a form of politically motivated murder outside the bounds of the conventions of war and morality.

D  All of the other answers

A  It permits the employment of warlike measures concurrently with law enforcement measures

B  All of the other answers

C  It enables the executive branch of government to exercise wide powers under the authority of the president as commander-in-chief

D  It gives the executive the leverage to demand almost any resources in the furtherance of winning the war

A  United States

B  Australia

C  United Kingdom

D  Canada

A  Sympathetic

B  Callous

C  Retributive

D  Empathetic

A  A public over-reaction caused by outdated public morals

B  When a small group of legislators panic and force through unethical legislation

C  An irrational and exaggerated response by the public to a perceived problem

D  When an individual legislator or policy maker over-reacts to a problem

A  The prosecution process

B  The court

C  A life sentence

D  A criminal conviction

A  Legalistic

B  Compliance

C  Rewards

D  Personal

A  Do no harm

B  Morality

C  Moral blame

D  Reasonable standard of care

A  Whites never have been engaged in drugs as much as blacks, a fact often reported in the media

B  Whites comprise almost 1/3 of illegal drug users and blacks almost 2/3, a fact often reported in the media

C  The War on Drugs focused on heroin, a drug often used by blacks, a fact not usually in the media

D  Whites comprise almost 3/4 of illegal drug users and blacks 13%, a fact not usually incorporated in media accounts

A  Restricting rights during criminal processing of terrorist defendants

B  Torture during interrogation

C  Invading foreign countries

D  Accidental killing of civilian non-terrorists

A  Setting a zero-tolerance standard for prison rape

B  Devising and implementation of national standards to detect, prevent, reduce, and punish rape

C  Prioritization of the prevention of rape in each prison system

D  Prisons who want to receive federal funding must eliminate prison rape by 85%

A  Medium security

B  Maximum security

C  Minimum security

D  Supermax

A  Focusing only on the very young and the very old victims

B  Reporting sympathetic stories of victims who have also been charged with crimes

C  Focusing attention only on victims who meet that standard of victimhood

D  Reporting, on the visual media, pictures of victims

A  Crime fighting is the complex part of the process

B  The legal system is far more complex

C  Few accused actually go to trial and unexciting plea bargains are the norm

D  The legal system makes it easier to fight crime because prosecutors know how to talk with the media

A  Violence

B  Coercion

C  Sympathy

D  Empathy

A  Sex offenses

B  Kidnappings

C  Drug crimes

D  Homicides

A  Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of violent crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

B  Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of property and drug crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

C  Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are negatively correlated with policies favoring punitiveness

D  Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are positively correlated with polices favoring punitiveness

A  It is not likely to happen as its proponents claim

B  It is a slippery slope, which could expand its use in other circumstances

C  It is not a realistic scenario

D  It negates the autonomy and dignity of the individual

A  The activities are morally permissible if they produce two effects, so long as one is morally permissible.

B  An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally permissible

C  An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally impermissible

D  The activities are only morally impermissible if they produce two effects, both of which are morally impermissible

A  Treatment

B  Punitiveness

C  Rehabilitation

D  Community-oriented corrections

A  Sex offenders

B  Drug offenders

C  Murderers

D  Prostitutes

A  While they approve of it, they do not believe it should be applied indiscriminately to specific offenders under specific circumstances

B  There is widespread approval of them

C  The public is evenly divided on them

D  There is widespread approval of them

A  Social control

B  Informal control

C  Formal control

D  Governmental control

A  Ideological grounds

B  Due process grounds

C  Political grounds

D  Cost-benefit grounds

A  Absolutists

B  Consequentialists

C  Deontologists

D  Relativists

A  A key profit maker for the media

B  Advocacy for greater levels of social control

C  A warning to the public

D  Assistance to law enforcement to make an arrest

A  Their treatment and control functions

B  Their heavy caseloads

C  Their treatment function

D  Their control function

A  By the military against a civilian government.

B  Committed by government, sometimes against its own people.

C  By one part of government against another part of the same government.

D  Against a state in the United States.

A  Result in disproportionately severe sentences

B  Are not applied to all offenders convicted under such statutes

C  Do not reflect the will of the majority

D  Have no incapacitate effect

A  A site for the construction of a moral order

B  The primary source of news

C  A monopoly so that news is consistent

D  A responsible path for discussion of moral issues

A  Treatment programs to reduce jail and prison populations

B  Work release programs to reduce jail and prison populations

C  Sentencing guidelines

D  Three-strikes laws

A  The placement of crime stories on television late at night hoping a viewer will be able identify the offender

B  The marketing of edited, highly formatted information about the world in entertainment media vehicles

C  Using the media to report fictitious events so law enforcement can catch the real criminal

D  Using entertainment to reenact criminal events

A  Graham v. Florida

B  Kenny v. Indiana Youth Center

C  Reynolds v. Florida

D  United States v. Shallet

A  Retain their discretion

B  Maintain power

C  Gain respect of inmates

D  Treat inmates ethically

A  Begun directly disobeying orders from superiors.

B  Refrained from enforcing certain prison rules and regulations.

C  Become members of prison gangs.

D  Begun taking monetary bribes from prisoners.

A  Vice

B  Property

C  Violent

D  Debtors

A  Enemy paradigm

B  War paradigm

C  Terrorism paradigm

D  Drone paradigm

A  Inmate

B  Judicial

C  Celebrity

D  Prosecutorial

A  Accepting the unavoidable consequences of our policies

B  Asking whether there will be any consequences to our anti-terrorism policies

C  Asking whether our policies will render citizens more secure in the long term

D  Not worrying about the consequences