Exam 1

A  Accepted lying

B  Justified lying

C  Tolerated lying

D  Deviant lying

A  Deontological theory

B  Deterrence theory

C  Denunciation theory

D  Restorative theory

A  Psychological

B  Sociological

C  Organizational

D  Geographical

A  offenders are paying a debt to society

B  offenders have taken unfair advantage of others

C  punishment is a censure of offenders

D  punishing some innocent people is a price of general deterrence

A  internal codes and regulations

B  judicial rule-making

C  police promotions

D  legislative regulation

A  Involving citizens is likely to deter police misconduct

B  Involving citizens is likely to result in more objective and thorough investigations

C  Involving citizens will ensure more citizen arrests are made, thereby helping the police

D  Individual complainants and public will have higher level of confidence in integrity of police practice

A  It works only if we lock up those who would have committed further offenses if they had been left free

B  It works only if those we lock up are not immediately replaced by new recruits

C  It works only if we fix offenders while we lock them up

D  It works only if the crimes committed after release are not so frequent or serious so as to negate the effects of the crimes prevented through incapacitative sentencing

A  It provides closure to victims

B  It fails to account for the problem of just deserts in an unjust world

C  It lacks any principle that determines a properly commensurate sentence

D  It fails to take account of the fact that there are multiple discretions involved in the sentencing power

A  All of the other answers

B  Prosecutors contacted the employer of a witness who refused to cooperate and caused her to be terminated from that employment.

C  The prosecution attempting to intimidate or improperly influence key witnesses.

D  Prosecutors threatened to issue a grand jury subpoena to the 13-year-old son of one defendant and to force the boy to testify against his father.

A  It should appeal to a persons rational understanding

B  An unrepentant offender

C  An offender charged with felonies

D  It should provide reconciliation with the community

A  Cultures are totally isolated from one another

B  It operates as a moral isolationism

C  Values of different historical periods are valid throughout time

D  It provides answers to issues and spurs debate.

A  there is no possibility that there are moral absolutes

B  we must accept the fact that there are differences in the morality of different societies

C  we can learn from the morality of other societies

D  we should be willing to have our own societys shortcomings exposed

A  Personal prejudice

B  Institutional racism

C  Practical racism

D  Ideological racism

A  Taking regular vacations

B  Violent outbursts

C  Improved communication skills

D  Access to a dependable support system

A  the social enforcer

B  the social peacekeeper

C  the snappy bureaucrat

D  the emergency operator

A  The person would have committed the crime or a similar crime whether he or she was a victim of the entrapment or not

B  There is sufficient evidence to believe target is likely to commit a crime

C  The entrapment succeeds as a technique of detection where other methods, such as complaints investigation, have failed

D  All are equally morally problematic

A  Are mixed

B  Almost unanimously show that race has no influence

C  Are not worthy of discussion because the research is poorly done

D  Almost unanimously show the influence of racial factors

A  The use of means is perceived by the officer to be the best or only practicable means of ensuring the good end is met

B  The officer has opportunity to achieve morally good end or outcome and intends to do so

C  The means used to achieve good end are not normally considered morally wrong

D  The good likely to be achieved by using dirty hands far outweighs the bad consequences of using dirty means

A  Deaths by Personnel Reporting Act of 2000

B  Deaths by Police Reporting Act of 2000

C  Deaths in Custody Reporting Act of 2000

D  Deaths in Custody Reporting Act of 2013

A  Extralegal force theory

B  Angry aggression theory

C  Use of force theory

D  Use of aggression theory

A  Overcharging

B  Indicting

C  Filing multiple prosecutorial information documents at the same time

D  Charging

A  While there is some evidence, they largely do not exist

B  It is not for policy makers to get involved in eradicating racial inequalities

C  They do not qualify as moral issue due to the government being above common people

D  They have been clearly identified, but nevertheless persist

A  micro- or macro-level approach

B  emphasis on severity of punishment

C  ability to justify the stated purposes of punishment

D  perspective, as being forward-looking (future) or backward-looking past)

A  Ethical issue in criminal justice and public policy

B  Ethical problem in personal and professional commitments to clients

C  Ethical problem in the relationship between personal and professional interests

D  Ethical problem in the use of authority

A  Restorative detention

B  Rehabilitative detention

C  Bureaucratic rationality

D  Punishment rationality

A  Superiority view

B  Historic view

C  Modern view

D  Paternalistic view

A  a suspect that poses a threat to himself or third person

B  a fleeing felon who tries to escape

C  a suspect that advances toward an officer in a threatening manner

D  a suspect who is suspected of being armed

A  unethical behavior is more rampant in criminal justice that other fields

B  ethics is not studied at police academies

C  the potential of abuse of discretion and the powers of arrest and use of force society grants to law enforcement personnel

D  CJ professionals have historically ignored ethics in their decision making

A  is a function of defective officers.

B  results from poor leadership in the department.

C  starts out involving small amounts or harms and then slowly increases/escalates

D  is caused by pressure from the public to solve crime by any means available

A  reliance

B  neutrality

C  trust

D  honesty

A  Imprisonment

B  Punishment

C  Disadvantage

D  Less eligibility

A  See that the public interest is protected and integrity of the court upheld

B  Act without bias or prejudice and follow the law

C  See that justice is done and that the guilty are punished

D  See that the guilty are punished and that the public interest is protected

A  Ethical problem in information sharing

B  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

C  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

D  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

A  Courts as well as commentators have recognized that the ethical obligation is more demanding than the constitutional obligation

B  That in some circumstances, the defense attorney may break privilege when the attorney clearly knows the defendant is guilty

C  Commentators recommend that misdemeanor cases revert to a preponderance of the evidence as the burden of proof to speed up the trial process

D  Courts have recognized the need for prosecutors to hide exculpatory evidence in some cases

A  Confession

B  Polygraph

C  Scientific

D  Hard

A  All the defense attorney to file a motion of in re delimited

B  Lead to the conviction of innocent defendants

C  Require the prosecutor to get special permission to question the juror

D  Render it precisely the type of judgment most likely to be biased by race

A  Past criminal record affects sentencing more than race

B  Blacks are disproportionately given more severe sentences than whites.

C  Blacks receive proportionately fewer sentences of probation than whites

D  Blacks receive proportionately more three-strikes sentences than whites

A  A moderately relevant

B  A minor relevant

C  Is a relevant

D  Not a relevant

A  It must involve an unpleasantness for the offender

B  It must be for an offense

C  It must be imposed by law enforcement before the offender goes to court

D  It must be deserved

A  Ethical problem in information sharing

B  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

C  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

D  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

A  There is systematic ethnic discrimination.

B  Grand apartheid is evident everywhere in the country.

C  Jim Crow laws still result in discrimination against minorities.

D  There is discrimination in some places at specific decision-making points.

A  Refuses to pay the agreed-upon fee

B  Fires the attorney

C  Consults the attorney in furtherance of crime or fraud

D  Is actually guilty of the crime charged

A  police use of excessive force

B  the police subculture

C  police corruption

D  police discretion

A  Ethical problem in personal and professional commitments to clients

B  Ethical issue in criminal justice and public policy

C  Ethical problem in the use of authority

D  Ethical problem in the relationship between personal and professional interests

A  consensus theory

B  moral panics

C  conflict theory

D  symbolic aspect of social conflict

A  Perceptual studies

B  Ecological studies

C  Interrupted time-series studies

D  Socioeconomic studies

A  Is an active participant in presentation of the case

B  Has the final say on ethical issues

C  Can control lawyer strategy

D  Is basically a passive umpire or referee

A  mystique.

B  culture.

C  demeanor.

D  mythology.

A  Enter a plea of guilty on behalf of the client

B  May withdraw from the case if the judge is informed of this reason

C  Can continue and require that the prosecution prove the case beyond a reasonable doubt

D  Is required to withdraw from the case

A  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

B  Ethical problem in information sharing

C  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

D  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

A  All of the other answers

B  Do not require most individuals to decide the issue does not mean an individual is helpless to influence public debate on a social issue

C  Usually and issue of public policy

D  Do not require individual decision making beyond the decision of whether one is in favor of, or opposed to, a particular social issue

A  they create rules the public can rely upon

B  they establish grounds for discipline

C  they establish norms of behavior

D  they assure the public that police are required to follow certain standards

A  Masculinity hypothesis

B  Criminalization hypothesis

C  Emancipation hypothesis

D  Mental hypothesis

A  See that the defendant has the best qualified attorney available

B  Not engage in plea bargaining

C  Seek the most severe punishment legally authorized

D  Reveal evidence to the defense if that evidence tends to negate guilt

A  operated with few legal and ethical controls.

B  saw their primary job as keeping the good will of the people.

C  were well-trained, well-equipped and well-supervised.

D  were relatively immune from politics and corruption.

A  It is crucial that ethical decisions are made, and the study of ethics enables the development of tools that enhance ethical decision making

B  The study of ethics increases sensitivity to issues of right and wrong and the right way to conduct oneself, and aids in identifying acts that have a moral content

C  It is important to have the capacity to point to moral reasoning in justifying behavior, and the study of ethics develops that capacity

D  All of the others are reasons commonly given

A  The Black rate is higher than either the Hispanic or white rate

B  The Hispanic rate is higher than either the Black or white rate

C  The White rate is higher than either the Black or Hispanic rate

D  There are no statistically significant differences in rates between the three groups

A  Firm grips

B  Persuasive verbalization

C  Command verbalization

D  Presence

A  The frequency of arrests of black in proportion to whites

B  The frequency of arrests of blacks for sale of cocaine and heroin in proportion to whites

C  The frequency of police shooting of blacks in proportion to whites

D  The neighborhoods in which arrests take place

A  All of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

B  One-third of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

C  Half of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

D  None of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.