Lecture Exam 3

A  organ

B  bundle of macromolecules in nerve cells

C  organelle in nerve cells

D  nerve cell

E  axon

A  B, D, C, A, E

B  B, C, D, E, A

C  D, B, C, E, A

D  D, B, E, A, C

A  The neurosoma and at least some neurilemma intact

B  At least the entire axon and neurilemma intact

C  At least part of the neurosoma intact

D  At least half the length of the fiber intact

E  All dendrites intact

A  A resting membrane potential is established

B  A local potential develops

C  Repolarization of the membrane

D  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

E  Threshold is reached

A  repolarizing

B  depolarizing

C  reaching the threshold

D  hyperpolarizing

E  exiting the threshold

A  Oligodendrocytes

B  Schwann cells

C  Satellite cells

D  Nodes of Ranvier

E  Ependymal cells

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Permeability

B  Secretion

C  Conductivity

D  Excitablity

A  calcium and sodium; IPSP

B  chloride; IPSP

C  calcium; IPSP

D  sodium; IPSP

E  potassium; EPSP

A  Hypopolarization of the membrane

B  Threshold is reached

C  The resting membrane potential is reinstated

D  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

E  Depolarization of the membrane

A  Visceral motor division

B  Somatic sensory division

C  Visceral sensory division

D  Central nervous system

E  Somatic motor division

A  Facilitated diffusion of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

B  There are no internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

C  Active transport of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

D  Diffusion of ions along the axoplasm is faster.

E  There are more internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

A  visceral sensory

B  visceral motor

C  afferent

D  somatic motor

E  somatic sensory

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It would become more negative.

B  It would hyperpolarize.

C  The RMP would be unaffected.

D  It would become more positive.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Through co-transport

B  By diffusion

C  Via cytoplasmic streaming

D  Along microtubules

A  polysaccharides

B  carbohydrates

C  glycoproteins

D  proteins

E  lipids

A  Neutralization of the plasma membrane

B  Drifting of the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential

C  Depolarization of the plasma membrane

D  Repolarization of the plasma membrane

E  Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane

A  sympathetic

B  motor afferent

C  parasympathetic

D  sensory afferent

E  somatic motor

A  The axon hillock

B  The Schwann cell

C  The neurosoma

D  The dendrites

E  The axon

A  Both sodium and potassium ions are leaving the cell

B  Sodium ions are leaving the cell

C  Sodium ions are entering the cells

D  Potassium ions are entering the cell

E  Potassium ions are leaving the cell

A  A voltage change from +35 mV to 0 mV

B  A voltage change from -69.5 mV to -70 mV

C  A voltage change from 0 mV to +0.35 mV

D  A voltage change from -70 mV to -70.5 mV

E  A voltage change from -70 mV to -69.5 mV

A  From node to node in myelinated fibers

B  Down the entire length of a myelinated fiber

C  From node to node in unmyelinated fibers

D  Down the entire length of an unmyelinated fiber

A  The axon collaterals

B  The axon terminals

C  The axons

D  The neurosomas

E  The dendrites

A  organelles

B  organ systems

C  organs

D  cells

E  tissues

A  they are released into the bloodstream before reaching the postsynaptic cell

B  they are synthesized by a presynaptic neuron

C  they are released in response to stimulation

D  they bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell

E  they alter the physiology of the postsynaptic cell

A  sodium gates are partially open

B  chloride gates are fully open

C  potassium gates are fully open

D  chloride gates are partially open

E  sodium gates are fully open

A  temporal summation

B  neuronal coding

C  spatial summation

D  recruitment

E  neural summation

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  An oligodendrocyte cells wraps its plasma membrane around each fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

B  Satellite cells cluster around each axon to form a pseudo-myelin sheath.

C  A Schwann cells wraps its plasma membrane around each individual fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

D  A Schwann cell folds its plasma membrane around several fibers .

A  Enzymes in the postsynaptic cell break down some neurotransmitters.

B  Neurotransmitters are no longer released.

C  Synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter by exocytosis.

D  The axon terminal reabsorbs some neurotransmitters by endocytosis.

E  Neurotransmitter escapes from the synapse into the nearby extracellular fluid.

A  The nervous system releases hormones between cells, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the blood.

B  The nervous system releases hormones into the blood, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters between cells.

C  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters between cells, while the endocrine system releases hormones into the blood.

D  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into the blood, while the endocrine system releases hormones between cells.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → skeletal muscle

B  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → smooth muscle

C  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

D  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

A  pain receptors

B  nociceptors

C  visceral receptors

D  chemoreceptors

E  proprioceptors

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  anterior horn

B  posterior root ganglion

C  anterior column

D  posterior horn

E  posterior column

A  posterior horn

B  anterior horn

C  posterior root of a spinal nerve

D  spinal nerve

E  anterior root of a spinal nerve

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  stretch

B  tendon

C  flexor (withdrawal)

D  crossed extension

E  painful

A  Touch

B  Smell

C  Hearing

D  Taste

E  Vision

A  31

B  35

C  62

D  24

E  12

A  A fracture of vertebra T5

B  A fracture of vertebra L4

C  A fracture of vertebra C6

D  A fracture of vertebra C2

E  A fracture of vertebra T12

A  nerve fiber; axons

B  nerve; neurosomas

C  nerve; axons

D  nerve fiber; neurosomas

E  nerve fiber; nerves

A  Reflexes are not voluntary.

B  Reflex responses are very predictable.

C  Reflexes are quick responses of the nervous system.

D  Reflexes are responses to sensory inputs.

E  Reflexes do not require a stimulus.