Lecture Exam 3

A  organ

B  organelle in nerve cells

C  axon

D  nerve cell

E  bundle of macromolecules in nerve cells

A  B, D, C, A, E

B  D, B, C, E, A

C  D, B, E, A, C

D  B, C, D, E, A

A  All dendrites intact

B  At least the entire axon and neurilemma intact

C  At least half the length of the fiber intact

D  At least part of the neurosoma intact

E  The neurosoma and at least some neurilemma intact

A  Repolarization of the membrane

B  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

C  Threshold is reached

D  A local potential develops

E  A resting membrane potential is established

A  repolarizing

B  hyperpolarizing

C  depolarizing

D  exiting the threshold

E  reaching the threshold

A  Oligodendrocytes

B  Schwann cells

C  Satellite cells

D  Nodes of Ranvier

E  Ependymal cells

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Conductivity

B  Secretion

C  Excitablity

D  Permeability

A  sodium; IPSP

B  potassium; EPSP

C  calcium and sodium; IPSP

D  chloride; IPSP

E  calcium; IPSP

A  Depolarization of the membrane

B  Hypopolarization of the membrane

C  Threshold is reached

D  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

E  The resting membrane potential is reinstated

A  Somatic sensory division

B  Central nervous system

C  Somatic motor division

D  Visceral sensory division

E  Visceral motor division

A  Facilitated diffusion of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

B  Diffusion of ions along the axoplasm is faster.

C  There are no internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

D  Active transport of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

E  There are more internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

A  somatic sensory

B  visceral sensory

C  visceral motor

D  afferent

E  somatic motor

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The RMP would be unaffected.

B  It would become more negative.

C  It would hyperpolarize.

D  It would become more positive.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  By diffusion

B  Through co-transport

C  Along microtubules

D  Via cytoplasmic streaming

A  carbohydrates

B  proteins

C  lipids

D  glycoproteins

E  polysaccharides

A  Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane

B  Repolarization of the plasma membrane

C  Depolarization of the plasma membrane

D  Neutralization of the plasma membrane

E  Drifting of the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential

A  parasympathetic

B  somatic motor

C  sympathetic

D  sensory afferent

E  motor afferent

A  The axon

B  The neurosoma

C  The Schwann cell

D  The axon hillock

E  The dendrites

A  Both sodium and potassium ions are leaving the cell

B  Sodium ions are entering the cells

C  Potassium ions are entering the cell

D  Potassium ions are leaving the cell

E  Sodium ions are leaving the cell

A  A voltage change from +35 mV to 0 mV

B  A voltage change from -69.5 mV to -70 mV

C  A voltage change from -70 mV to -70.5 mV

D  A voltage change from 0 mV to +0.35 mV

E  A voltage change from -70 mV to -69.5 mV

A  Down the entire length of an unmyelinated fiber

B  From node to node in unmyelinated fibers

C  From node to node in myelinated fibers

D  Down the entire length of a myelinated fiber

A  The neurosomas

B  The axons

C  The axon terminals

D  The axon collaterals

E  The dendrites

A  organs

B  organelles

C  tissues

D  organ systems

E  cells

A  they are released into the bloodstream before reaching the postsynaptic cell

B  they alter the physiology of the postsynaptic cell

C  they are released in response to stimulation

D  they are synthesized by a presynaptic neuron

E  they bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell

A  sodium gates are partially open

B  potassium gates are fully open

C  chloride gates are partially open

D  sodium gates are fully open

E  chloride gates are fully open

A  neuronal coding

B  temporal summation

C  recruitment

D  spatial summation

E  neural summation

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A Schwann cell folds its plasma membrane around several fibers .

B  A Schwann cells wraps its plasma membrane around each individual fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

C  An oligodendrocyte cells wraps its plasma membrane around each fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

D  Satellite cells cluster around each axon to form a pseudo-myelin sheath.

A  Neurotransmitters are no longer released.

B  The axon terminal reabsorbs some neurotransmitters by endocytosis.

C  Synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter by exocytosis.

D  Neurotransmitter escapes from the synapse into the nearby extracellular fluid.

E  Enzymes in the postsynaptic cell break down some neurotransmitters.

A  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into the blood, while the endocrine system releases hormones between cells.

B  The nervous system releases hormones between cells, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the blood.

C  The nervous system releases hormones into the blood, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters between cells.

D  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters between cells, while the endocrine system releases hormones into the blood.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → skeletal muscle

B  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

C  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → smooth muscle

D  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

A  visceral receptors

B  nociceptors

C  chemoreceptors

D  proprioceptors

E  pain receptors

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  posterior horn

B  posterior root ganglion

C  anterior column

D  anterior horn

E  posterior column

A  posterior root of a spinal nerve

B  posterior horn

C  anterior horn

D  spinal nerve

E  anterior root of a spinal nerve

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  flexor (withdrawal)

B  tendon

C  painful

D  stretch

E  crossed extension

A  Vision

B  Touch

C  Hearing

D  Smell

E  Taste

A  35

B  31

C  12

D  24

E  62

A  A fracture of vertebra T12

B  A fracture of vertebra C2

C  A fracture of vertebra C6

D  A fracture of vertebra T5

E  A fracture of vertebra L4

A  nerve fiber; neurosomas

B  nerve; neurosomas

C  nerve fiber; nerves

D  nerve; axons

E  nerve fiber; axons

A  Reflexes do not require a stimulus.

B  Reflexes are responses to sensory inputs.

C  Reflexes are quick responses of the nervous system.

D  Reflex responses are very predictable.

E  Reflexes are not voluntary.