Lecture Exam 3

A  bundle of macromolecules in nerve cells

B  organelle in nerve cells

C  nerve cell

D  axon

E  organ

A  B, D, C, A, E

B  D, B, E, A, C

C  D, B, C, E, A

D  B, C, D, E, A

A  The neurosoma and at least some neurilemma intact

B  All dendrites intact

C  At least part of the neurosoma intact

D  At least half the length of the fiber intact

E  At least the entire axon and neurilemma intact

A  Repolarization of the membrane

B  A resting membrane potential is established

C  Threshold is reached

D  A local potential develops

E  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

A  repolarizing

B  hyperpolarizing

C  reaching the threshold

D  depolarizing

E  exiting the threshold

A  Schwann cells

B  Ependymal cells

C  Satellite cells

D  Nodes of Ranvier

E  Oligodendrocytes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Excitablity

B  Secretion

C  Conductivity

D  Permeability

A  chloride; IPSP

B  calcium; IPSP

C  calcium and sodium; IPSP

D  sodium; IPSP

E  potassium; EPSP

A  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

B  Depolarization of the membrane

C  The resting membrane potential is reinstated

D  Hypopolarization of the membrane

E  Threshold is reached

A  Somatic sensory division

B  Central nervous system

C  Visceral sensory division

D  Visceral motor division

E  Somatic motor division

A  There are more internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

B  Diffusion of ions along the axoplasm is faster.

C  Facilitated diffusion of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

D  There are no internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

E  Active transport of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

A  somatic motor

B  visceral motor

C  visceral sensory

D  somatic sensory

E  afferent

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It would become more negative.

B  The RMP would be unaffected.

C  It would hyperpolarize.

D  It would become more positive.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Through co-transport

B  Along microtubules

C  Via cytoplasmic streaming

D  By diffusion

A  lipids

B  carbohydrates

C  glycoproteins

D  polysaccharides

E  proteins

A  Depolarization of the plasma membrane

B  Neutralization of the plasma membrane

C  Repolarization of the plasma membrane

D  Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane

E  Drifting of the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential

A  sympathetic

B  sensory afferent

C  parasympathetic

D  somatic motor

E  motor afferent

A  The axon

B  The dendrites

C  The neurosoma

D  The axon hillock

E  The Schwann cell

A  Potassium ions are leaving the cell

B  Potassium ions are entering the cell

C  Sodium ions are leaving the cell

D  Sodium ions are entering the cells

E  Both sodium and potassium ions are leaving the cell

A  A voltage change from -70 mV to -69.5 mV

B  A voltage change from -70 mV to -70.5 mV

C  A voltage change from +35 mV to 0 mV

D  A voltage change from 0 mV to +0.35 mV

E  A voltage change from -69.5 mV to -70 mV

A  Down the entire length of an unmyelinated fiber

B  From node to node in unmyelinated fibers

C  Down the entire length of a myelinated fiber

D  From node to node in myelinated fibers

A  The axon collaterals

B  The axons

C  The neurosomas

D  The axon terminals

E  The dendrites

A  tissues

B  organelles

C  organs

D  cells

E  organ systems

A  they are synthesized by a presynaptic neuron

B  they are released in response to stimulation

C  they bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell

D  they are released into the bloodstream before reaching the postsynaptic cell

E  they alter the physiology of the postsynaptic cell

A  potassium gates are fully open

B  chloride gates are fully open

C  sodium gates are partially open

D  chloride gates are partially open

E  sodium gates are fully open

A  neural summation

B  spatial summation

C  neuronal coding

D  recruitment

E  temporal summation

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A Schwann cells wraps its plasma membrane around each individual fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

B  An oligodendrocyte cells wraps its plasma membrane around each fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

C  A Schwann cell folds its plasma membrane around several fibers .

D  Satellite cells cluster around each axon to form a pseudo-myelin sheath.

A  Neurotransmitter escapes from the synapse into the nearby extracellular fluid.

B  Enzymes in the postsynaptic cell break down some neurotransmitters.

C  Synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter by exocytosis.

D  Neurotransmitters are no longer released.

E  The axon terminal reabsorbs some neurotransmitters by endocytosis.

A  The nervous system releases hormones into the blood, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters between cells.

B  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into the blood, while the endocrine system releases hormones between cells.

C  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters between cells, while the endocrine system releases hormones into the blood.

D  The nervous system releases hormones between cells, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the blood.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

B  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

C  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → skeletal muscle

D  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → smooth muscle

A  chemoreceptors

B  visceral receptors

C  proprioceptors

D  pain receptors

E  nociceptors

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  posterior column

B  posterior horn

C  anterior horn

D  anterior column

E  posterior root ganglion

A  anterior horn

B  posterior horn

C  posterior root of a spinal nerve

D  spinal nerve

E  anterior root of a spinal nerve

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  stretch

B  crossed extension

C  tendon

D  flexor (withdrawal)

E  painful

A  Hearing

B  Taste

C  Touch

D  Vision

E  Smell

A  12

B  24

C  35

D  62

E  31

A  A fracture of vertebra C2

B  A fracture of vertebra T12

C  A fracture of vertebra T5

D  A fracture of vertebra L4

E  A fracture of vertebra C6

A  nerve fiber; axons

B  nerve fiber; nerves

C  nerve fiber; neurosomas

D  nerve; axons

E  nerve; neurosomas

A  Reflexes are not voluntary.

B  Reflex responses are very predictable.

C  Reflexes are quick responses of the nervous system.

D  Reflexes are responses to sensory inputs.

E  Reflexes do not require a stimulus.