Quiz 2 Chapter 3 and 4

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Question #1

Himani thinks that religion consists of meaningful displays of values and norms that are created, maintained, and changed through social interaction. What perspective best describes Himani’s views?

A radicalization

B structural functionalism

C symbolic interactionism

D conflict theory

Question #2

A married man in the United States with several mistresses is violating a ________, but he is violating a ________ if he is married to more than one woman at the same time.

A norm; folkway

B law; taboo

C folkway; more

D set of mores; law

Question #3

Churches usually teach their members rules and often codify these rules into formal commandments to be followed. Given this, churches can be considered

A part of the media.

B dramaturgists.

C total institutions.

D agents of socialization.

Question #4

________ is taboo in American society.

A Drunkenness

B Divorce

C Bankruptcy

D Drinking blood

Question #5

Unlike folkways, mores are closely related to

A formal but not informal norms.

B the dominant culture of a group.

C the core values of a group.

D culture wars between groups.

Question #6

A sociologist observes that kindergartners are not just being taught about arts and crafts. They are also being taught how to be students, including skills such as following rules, remaining in their seats, and other things that will be necessary for the rest of their education. What are these skills called?

A theories of the self

B the ego

C expressions of behavior

D the hidden curriculum

Question #7

Ethnocentric people tend to view other cultures as abnormal because

A they are part of a counterculture.

B they use their own culture as a standard of judgment.

C they have values and beliefs that are universally recognized.

D they are practicing cultural relativism.

Question #8

________ occurs when the dominant culture succeeds in imposing its values and ideas on all of society.

A Cultural diffusion

B Cultural leveling

C Cultural relativism

D Hegemony

Question #9

A high school football coach is worried about how he should handle his roster. On one hand, it’s his job to try to win as many games as possible, which means playing the best players. On the other hand, his contract also requires him to try to allow every member of the team to meaningfully participate. The tension he feels is the result of

A feeling rules.

B emotion work.

C role conflict.

D role strain.

Question #10

Countercultural groups such as the hippies of the 1960s

A were considered members of the popular culture.

B actually had a lifestyle that was similar to that of the mainstream culture.

C rejected the norms of the dominant culture.

D are now seen as members of a subculture.

Question #11

Parents often buy their children gender-specific toys. Boys are given action figures that encourage active and aggressive play, while girls are given dolls and toy ovens that reinforce traditional gender roles. This is part of what process?

A status conflict

B social isolation

C socialization

D personality

Question #12

Most large retailers such as Target, H&M, and Old Navy carry similar clothing styles, and thus there is not extreme variation in what most Americans wear. Which sociological concept best explains this phenomenon?

A multiculturalism

B hegemony

C real culture

D ideal culture

Question #13

Someone who is newly divorced after a long marriage and now wants to start dating again may find that many of the norms of dating have changed. Behaviors like splitting the check or talking about safe sex may be new for this person. This process of having to learn and adjust to the new rules of dating is an example of

A adaptation.

B copresence.

C impression management.

D resocialization.

Question #14

Many people are afraid of picking up hitchhikers. Imagine that a hitchhiker, to be offered a ride, makes a suitcase out of a gasoline can so that he looks like he’s a stranded motorist rather than a hitchhiker. A sociologist would say that the hitchhiker was working on

A impression management.

B expressions given.

C expressions of behavior.

D expressions given off.

Question #15

A goal of socialization is

A to teach norms, values, and beliefs.

B to ensure that society self-evaluates.

C to teach people how to avoid incarceration.

D to teach the skills necessary to satisfy our love of technology.

Question #16

As children get older, which agent of socialization tends to replace parents as their most intense and immediate influence?

A religion

B the media

C peers

D schools

Question #17

Julian is a child who consistently earns mediocre grades and is often picked last for team games. He likes to make silly jokes and play pranks, and he notices that people laugh when he does so. The child starts to think that others are laughing with him, not at him. Charles Cooley would say this development is part of

A the backstage.

B impression management.

C the looking-glass self.

D the preparatory stage.

Question #18

“Each to each a looking-glass, / Reflects the other that doth pass.” This line of poetry, associated with sociologist Charles Cooley, indicates that our sense of self originates in

A interactions with other people.

B genetics.

C the first stage of sexual development.

D basic biological drives.

Question #19

Socialization is the

A fact that human nature is essentially self-centered and must be unlearned.

B process by which individuals come to know one another.

C interaction among the cultures of different societies.

D lifelong process by which people learn the norms, values, and beliefs of their culture.

Question #20

Campbell Soup Company launched an ad campaign in 2000 that showed prepubescent boys offering soup to prepubescent girls. The girls declined because they were concerned about their calorie intake. The boys explained that “lots of Campbell’s soups are low in calories,” which made them OK for the girls to eat. The ads were pulled after parents expressed concern. Why were parents worried?

A Soup isn’t part of a healthy diet.

B The calorie count was deceptive.

C The ads taught girls to worry about their weight.

D Even if they are low in calories, soups are packed with preservatives and sodium.

Question #21

According to George Herbert Mead, what are children learning when they begin to take the perspective of a generalized other in their games?

A the attitudes and expectations of society as a whole

B how to imitate behaviors and actions

C the values and beliefs of their parents

D the behaviors associated with particular roles

Question #22

A cultural group that exists harmoniously within a larger, dominant culture is called a

A subdominant culture.

B counterculture.

C subculture.

D cultural spin-off.

Question #23

How is a counterculture different from a subculture?

A Both are distinct from mainstream culture, but a counterculture actively opposes important aspects of the mainstream.

B Both are distinct from mainstream culture, but only members of a subculture actively oppose important aspects of mainstream culture.

C Subcultures are not culturally distinct from the mainstream; they just occupy a particular geographic area.

D Members of a counterculture drop out of society, whereas members of a subculture actively protest and fight to change society.

Question #24

In 2005, the Northwestern University women’s lacrosse team won an NCAA championship and was invited to the White House to receive congratulations from the president. Controversy erupted after the team’s visit when the official photograph revealed that several team members were wearing flip-flops. Despite the outcry, the athletes took the criticism in stride by talking about it on The Today Show and auctioning the offending footwear for charity. What kind of norm did the athletes break by wearing flip-flops to the White House, given the reaction and the team’s response?

A a more

B a taboo

C a folkway

D a negative sanction

Question #25

Although many people believe that expectations for personal space are inborn, members of many cultures are accustomed to noticeably less personal space than those of others. This helps demonstrate that people’s expectations for personal space are

A something that is inborn and more of an instinct than something learned.

B usually negotiable and not all that difficult to change.

C the direct result of hormonal differences in the limbic system.

D a part of our culture and, as such, are learned rather than inborn.

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Quiz 2 Chapter 3 and 4

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