Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A saddle

B hinge

C pivot

D ball and socket

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

B Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

C There are three structural categories of articulations.

D An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

E All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A biaxial

B gliding

C uniaxial

D ellipsoid

E multiaxial

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A angular

B rotational

C sliding

D eversion

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A dislocation.

B hyperextension.

C supination.

D hyperflexion.

E hypertrophy.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A abduction; adduction

B flexion; extension

C extension; hyperextension

D extension; flexion

E adduction; abduction

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A extension.

B rotation.

C adduction.

D abduction.

E flexion.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A saddle

B plane

C condyle

D hinge

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Supination and extension

B Depression and flexion

C Pronation and adduction

D Eversion and abduction

E Protraction and rotation

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A dense regular connective tissue.

B articular cartilage.

C dense irregular connective tissue.

D fibrocartilage.

E areolar connective tissue.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A First sternocostal joint

B First costochondral joint

C Intervertebral joint

D Second costochondral joint

E Second sternocostal joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Ball and socket

B Pivot

C Condylar

D Saddle

E Plane

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A supination.

B eversion.

C protraction.

D pronation.

E abduction.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A rotating

B circumducting

C elevating

D flexing

E hyperextending

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A freely mobile.

B slightly mobile.

C dislocated.

D fused.

E immobile.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A syndesmosis.

B suture.

C synarthrosis.

D synostosis.

E synchondrosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A menisci.

B bursae.

C fat pads.

D diarthroses.

E articular discs.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

B Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

C Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

D Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

E Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Phalanges

B Os coxa

C Distal head of femur

D Distal humerus

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Yellow bone marrow

B Red bone marrow

C Nutrient foramina

D Epiphyseal line

E Endosteum

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Body movement

B Hemopoiesis

C Hormone synthesis

D Protection

E Mineral storage

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Interstitial lamellae

B Concentric lamellae

C Perforating canals

D Canaliculi

E Circumferential lamellae

Question #25

Flat bones

A protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

B have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

C have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

D include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

E are, by definition, not at all curved.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

B calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

C calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

D phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

E glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

C It is located deep to compact bone.

D It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

E Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A yellow marrow to red marrow.

B spongy bone to compact bone.

C red marrow to yellow marrow.

D bone marrow to spongy bone.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

B It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

C It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

D It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

E It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A kidney.

B skin.

C liver.

D bone.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

B All of the choices are correct.

C forms diploe in the cranial bones.

D contains no osteocytes.

E is composed of tubular units called osteons.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

B osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

C osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

D chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A increase.

B decrease.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A thyroid to produce calcitriol.

B parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

C liver to produce calcitonin.

D brain to produce serotonin.

E liver to produce somatomedin.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Collagen fibers

B Elastic fibers

C Yellow bone marrow

D Inorganic salts

E Trabeculae

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

B Avascular

C Gel-like ground substance

D Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

E Matrix of protein fibers

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Growth hormone

B Thyroid hormone

C Estrogen and testosterone

D Calcitonin

E Parathyroid hormone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoclasts

B osteoblasts

C osteocytes

D osteoprogenitor cells

E osteoid cells

Question #43

Compact bone

A All of the choices are correct.

B is composed of tubular units called osteons.

C is avascular.

D has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

E is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteoblasts

B Osteoprogenitor cells

C Osteocytes

D Osteoclasts

E Bone-lining cells

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A endochondral ossification.

B mesenchymal ossification.

C intramembranous ossification.

D orthodontia.

E bone remodeling.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Articular cartilage

B Fibrocartilage

C Elastic cartilage

D Hyaline cartilage

E Reticular cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A hyaline cartilage

B mesenchyme

C membranous

D dense connective tissue

E osteoid

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Forms articular surface

B Supports soft tissues

C Site of bone elongation and growth

D Provides passageway for blood vessels

E Provides flexibility for bending

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A radius (of forearm).

B trapezoid (of wrist).

C femur (of thigh).

D calcaneus (heel).

E sternum (breast bone).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A low

B high

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