Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A hinge

B ball and socket

C pivot

D saddle

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

B Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

C Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

D There are three structural categories of articulations.

E All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A uniaxial

B multiaxial

C biaxial

D gliding

E ellipsoid

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A sliding

B rotational

C eversion

D angular

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A dislocation.

B supination.

C hyperextension.

D hypertrophy.

E hyperflexion.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A abduction; adduction

B flexion; extension

C adduction; abduction

D extension; flexion

E extension; hyperextension

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A flexion.

B rotation.

C adduction.

D extension.

E abduction.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A hinge

B saddle

C condyle

D plane

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Depression and flexion

B Supination and extension

C Eversion and abduction

D Protraction and rotation

E Pronation and adduction

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A dense regular connective tissue.

B dense irregular connective tissue.

C articular cartilage.

D areolar connective tissue.

E fibrocartilage.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A First costochondral joint

B Second costochondral joint

C Intervertebral joint

D Second sternocostal joint

E First sternocostal joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Saddle

B Ball and socket

C Condylar

D Plane

E Pivot

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A supination.

B pronation.

C abduction.

D protraction.

E eversion.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A elevating

B rotating

C hyperextending

D circumducting

E flexing

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A freely mobile.

B fused.

C immobile.

D slightly mobile.

E dislocated.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A synostosis.

B synchondrosis.

C synarthrosis.

D suture.

E syndesmosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A fat pads.

B articular discs.

C menisci.

D bursae.

E diarthroses.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

B Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

C Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

D Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

E Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Distal head of femur

B Os coxa

C Phalanges

D Distal humerus

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Red bone marrow

B Nutrient foramina

C Endosteum

D Yellow bone marrow

E Epiphyseal line

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Hemopoiesis

B Protection

C Mineral storage

D Body movement

E Hormone synthesis

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Perforating canals

B Circumferential lamellae

C Interstitial lamellae

D Concentric lamellae

E Canaliculi

Question #25

Flat bones

A are, by definition, not at all curved.

B include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

C protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

D have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

E have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

B phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

C glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

D calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

E calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It is located deep to compact bone.

B It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

C Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

D It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

E It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A spongy bone to compact bone.

B red marrow to yellow marrow.

C bone marrow to spongy bone.

D yellow marrow to red marrow.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

B It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

C It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

D It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

E It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A skin.

B kidney.

C bone.

D liver.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B All of the choices are correct.

C contains no osteocytes.

D has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

E forms diploe in the cranial bones.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

B osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

C chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

D osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A increase.

B decrease.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A liver to produce calcitonin.

B brain to produce serotonin.

C liver to produce somatomedin.

D parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

E thyroid to produce calcitriol.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Trabeculae

B Inorganic salts

C Elastic fibers

D Yellow bone marrow

E Collagen fibers

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Matrix of protein fibers

B Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

C Gel-like ground substance

D Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

E Avascular

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Thyroid hormone

B Growth hormone

C Estrogen and testosterone

D Calcitonin

E Parathyroid hormone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoprogenitor cells

B osteoblasts

C osteoclasts

D osteoid cells

E osteocytes

Question #43

Compact bone

A is avascular.

B is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

C is composed of tubular units called osteons.

D All of the choices are correct.

E has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteoblasts

B Osteoclasts

C Osteocytes

D Osteoprogenitor cells

E Bone-lining cells

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A mesenchymal ossification.

B bone remodeling.

C orthodontia.

D endochondral ossification.

E intramembranous ossification.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Elastic cartilage

B Hyaline cartilage

C Fibrocartilage

D Reticular cartilage

E Articular cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A mesenchyme

B membranous

C hyaline cartilage

D osteoid

E dense connective tissue

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Provides flexibility for bending

B Site of bone elongation and growth

C Provides passageway for blood vessels

D Forms articular surface

E Supports soft tissues

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A radius (of forearm).

B trapezoid (of wrist).

C femur (of thigh).

D calcaneus (heel).

E sternum (breast bone).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A low

B high

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