Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A pivot

B ball and socket

C hinge

D saddle

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

B Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

C All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

D Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

E There are three structural categories of articulations.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A biaxial

B ellipsoid

C multiaxial

D gliding

E uniaxial

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A eversion

B rotational

C sliding

D angular

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A hyperflexion.

B supination.

C hypertrophy.

D dislocation.

E hyperextension.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A abduction; adduction

B extension; flexion

C extension; hyperextension

D adduction; abduction

E flexion; extension

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A rotation.

B adduction.

C extension.

D abduction.

E flexion.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A hinge

B condyle

C saddle

D plane

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Protraction and rotation

B Supination and extension

C Depression and flexion

D Eversion and abduction

E Pronation and adduction

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A dense regular connective tissue.

B areolar connective tissue.

C articular cartilage.

D dense irregular connective tissue.

E fibrocartilage.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A Intervertebral joint

B First costochondral joint

C Second sternocostal joint

D Second costochondral joint

E First sternocostal joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Plane

B Condylar

C Pivot

D Saddle

E Ball and socket

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A supination.

B abduction.

C pronation.

D protraction.

E eversion.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A circumducting

B hyperextending

C rotating

D elevating

E flexing

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A fused.

B dislocated.

C freely mobile.

D slightly mobile.

E immobile.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A synarthrosis.

B suture.

C synostosis.

D syndesmosis.

E synchondrosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A menisci.

B fat pads.

C diarthroses.

D bursae.

E articular discs.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

B Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

C Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

D Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

E Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Phalanges

B Distal head of femur

C Os coxa

D Distal humerus

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Nutrient foramina

B Epiphyseal line

C Yellow bone marrow

D Red bone marrow

E Endosteum

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Protection

B Hormone synthesis

C Mineral storage

D Body movement

E Hemopoiesis

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Canaliculi

B Interstitial lamellae

C Circumferential lamellae

D Perforating canals

E Concentric lamellae

Question #25

Flat bones

A include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

B have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

C protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

D are, by definition, not at all curved.

E have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

B steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

C calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

D phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

E glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It is located deep to compact bone.

B Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

C It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

D It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

E It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A red marrow to yellow marrow.

B bone marrow to spongy bone.

C spongy bone to compact bone.

D yellow marrow to red marrow.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

B It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

C It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

D It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

E It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A kidney.

B bone.

C skin.

D liver.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A All of the choices are correct.

B forms diploe in the cranial bones.

C has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

D contains no osteocytes.

E is composed of tubular units called osteons.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

B osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

C osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

D osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A decrease.

B increase.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A liver to produce calcitonin.

B brain to produce serotonin.

C liver to produce somatomedin.

D parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

E thyroid to produce calcitriol.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Trabeculae

B Yellow bone marrow

C Elastic fibers

D Inorganic salts

E Collagen fibers

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Gel-like ground substance

B Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

C Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

D Avascular

E Matrix of protein fibers

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Thyroid hormone

B Growth hormone

C Parathyroid hormone

D Calcitonin

E Estrogen and testosterone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteocytes

B osteoprogenitor cells

C osteoblasts

D osteoid cells

E osteoclasts

Question #43

Compact bone

A is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

B is composed of tubular units called osteons.

C All of the choices are correct.

D has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

E is avascular.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteoblasts

B Osteocytes

C Osteoclasts

D Bone-lining cells

E Osteoprogenitor cells

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A mesenchymal ossification.

B endochondral ossification.

C orthodontia.

D bone remodeling.

E intramembranous ossification.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Elastic cartilage

B Fibrocartilage

C Reticular cartilage

D Articular cartilage

E Hyaline cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A mesenchyme

B hyaline cartilage

C dense connective tissue

D membranous

E osteoid

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Supports soft tissues

B Provides flexibility for bending

C Forms articular surface

D Site of bone elongation and growth

E Provides passageway for blood vessels

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A femur (of thigh).

B trapezoid (of wrist).

C sternum (breast bone).

D calcaneus (heel).

E radius (of forearm).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A low

B high

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