Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A hinge

B ball and socket

C pivot

D saddle

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

B Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

C All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

D An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

E There are three structural categories of articulations.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A multiaxial

B uniaxial

C biaxial

D ellipsoid

E gliding

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A sliding

B angular

C eversion

D rotational

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A supination.

B hypertrophy.

C hyperflexion.

D dislocation.

E hyperextension.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A adduction; abduction

B extension; hyperextension

C extension; flexion

D flexion; extension

E abduction; adduction

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A flexion.

B extension.

C adduction.

D rotation.

E abduction.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A plane

B hinge

C saddle

D condyle

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Protraction and rotation

B Eversion and abduction

C Supination and extension

D Depression and flexion

E Pronation and adduction

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A dense irregular connective tissue.

B dense regular connective tissue.

C fibrocartilage.

D articular cartilage.

E areolar connective tissue.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A Intervertebral joint

B Second sternocostal joint

C Second costochondral joint

D First costochondral joint

E First sternocostal joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Plane

B Condylar

C Ball and socket

D Saddle

E Pivot

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A abduction.

B pronation.

C supination.

D eversion.

E protraction.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A circumducting

B flexing

C rotating

D hyperextending

E elevating

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A freely mobile.

B dislocated.

C fused.

D slightly mobile.

E immobile.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A synarthrosis.

B syndesmosis.

C synchondrosis.

D synostosis.

E suture.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A fat pads.

B menisci.

C diarthroses.

D bursae.

E articular discs.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

B Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

C Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

D Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

E Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Distal humerus

B Distal head of femur

C Os coxa

D Phalanges

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Endosteum

B Red bone marrow

C Yellow bone marrow

D Nutrient foramina

E Epiphyseal line

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Body movement

B Hormone synthesis

C Mineral storage

D Hemopoiesis

E Protection

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Perforating canals

B Concentric lamellae

C Circumferential lamellae

D Interstitial lamellae

E Canaliculi

Question #25

Flat bones

A protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

B include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

C have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

D have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

E are, by definition, not at all curved.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

B calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

C phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

D glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

E calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

B It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

C It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

D It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

E It is located deep to compact bone.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A spongy bone to compact bone.

B yellow marrow to red marrow.

C red marrow to yellow marrow.

D bone marrow to spongy bone.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

B It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

C It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

D It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

E It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A bone.

B skin.

C kidney.

D liver.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B All of the choices are correct.

C has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

D forms diploe in the cranial bones.

E contains no osteocytes.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

B chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

C osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

D osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A decrease.

B increase.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A liver to produce calcitonin.

B liver to produce somatomedin.

C brain to produce serotonin.

D thyroid to produce calcitriol.

E parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Collagen fibers

B Elastic fibers

C Trabeculae

D Yellow bone marrow

E Inorganic salts

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

B Avascular

C Matrix of protein fibers

D Gel-like ground substance

E Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Estrogen and testosterone

B Parathyroid hormone

C Calcitonin

D Thyroid hormone

E Growth hormone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoblasts

B osteoprogenitor cells

C osteoid cells

D osteocytes

E osteoclasts

Question #43

Compact bone

A is avascular.

B is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

C All of the choices are correct.

D is composed of tubular units called osteons.

E has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteoprogenitor cells

B Osteoblasts

C Osteocytes

D Osteoclasts

E Bone-lining cells

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A intramembranous ossification.

B bone remodeling.

C endochondral ossification.

D orthodontia.

E mesenchymal ossification.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Hyaline cartilage

B Articular cartilage

C Reticular cartilage

D Fibrocartilage

E Elastic cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A osteoid

B membranous

C hyaline cartilage

D mesenchyme

E dense connective tissue

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Provides passageway for blood vessels

B Provides flexibility for bending

C Forms articular surface

D Site of bone elongation and growth

E Supports soft tissues

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A radius (of forearm).

B calcaneus (heel).

C sternum (breast bone).

D femur (of thigh).

E trapezoid (of wrist).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A high

B low

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